Seyydeh Razieh Zakarianzadeh; Qader zadeh Bagheri; Alireza Maredpour
Abstract
One of the most important concerns of educational systems is improving the well-being and optimal performance of learners. Since different individual and social factors have an effect on well-being, mental health and optimal performance, effective intervention seems necessary to improve and promote them. ...
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One of the most important concerns of educational systems is improving the well-being and optimal performance of learners. Since different individual and social factors have an effect on well-being, mental health and optimal performance, effective intervention seems necessary to improve and promote them. After entering high school, students face problems in social, family, emotional, health, academic, etc., and due to the symmetry of high school with adolescent crises, a person's ability to adapt to the surrounding environment decreases. Adolescents who have problems in adapting to the conditions and roles given to them in the educational environment as a social institution are likely to have problems in other aspects of life and education. By entering the middle school period, of course, the school and their teachers change, and the students also choose their field of study and start a new educational path, in which many problems are observed in these fields. For example, evidence suggests that high school students have difficulty controlling emotions, feeling effective, and planning for the future and its prospects.The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of education based on positive psychology (perma model) on future orientation, self-efficacy and time perspective of female students.MethodThe research method was a semi-experimental design using a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. In the present study, the experimental group was trained in perma pack, and the control group was on the waiting list. The statistical population was all female students of the second secondary school (11th grade) of Yasouj city in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster and the tools used were Maggio et al.'s Future Orientation Questionnaire (2016), Morris Students' Self-Efficacy Scale (2001), and Zimbardo's Time Perspective Scale (1999). ResultsBased on the results of the research, the effect of the Perma model on future orientation in the Perma intervention group and the control group in the post-test is significant and positive; That is, education based on positive psychology leads to the improvement of future orientation and resilience in the post-exam. The findings also showed that the effect of Perma model training on students' self-efficacy in the post-test is significant; That is, education based on positive psychology leads to an increase in cognitive, motivational and metacognitive components of self-efficacy (P<0.05). Also, the findings showed that the effect of Perma model training on students' time perspective in the post-test and follow-up is not significant.DiscussionBased on the findings of the research, more attention should be paid to the processes of planning and implementing intervention and combining both positive and negative characteristics of human performance; Because training and practice based on positive psychology focused on awareness can be the basis for designing and implementing many interventions. Based on the results of the research, teaching the Perma model promotes future orientation and increases resilience in students; in a way that they are more hopeful and optimistic about achieving mental well-being and about the future. In addition, be positive towards achieving long-term goals and career, academic and personal success plans and develop and improve your abilities. Teaching the skills of positivity, optimism and positive emotion makes students hope for the future and strive to achieve goals instead of giving in to personal and environmental limitations.
Clinical Psychology
Asieh Mazloom Ghaziani; Mryam Ghorbani
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the important issues of global health that has huge economic and social effects. Extensive chronic pain syndromes have always been a big challenge for doctors and patients. One of the most common chronic pain syndromes is fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia is known as a chronic, ...
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Chronic pain is one of the important issues of global health that has huge economic and social effects. Extensive chronic pain syndromes have always been a big challenge for doctors and patients. One of the most common chronic pain syndromes is fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia is known as a chronic, painful, and non-inflammatory syndrome that affects the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on emotional balance, psychological cohesion, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. MethodThe study population included fibromyalgia patients referred to Isfahan Medical Sciences Center in 2021. Of these, 24 patients were selected by available sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups of 12 experimental and control. The experimental group participated in 90 minutes of 8 sessions of emotion therapy; But for the control group, no intervention was made. Data collection tools including three questionnaires of emotion balance Spin Diner (2010), Antonovsky's sense of inner cohesion (1993) and Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) answered. Research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 26. ResultsThe results of the main hypothesis of the study showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased positive feelings, feelings of psychological cohesion, self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.01). Also, the results of the first sub-hypothesis showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased the feeling of psychological cohesion in the dimensions of comprehensibility and manageability in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.05). Also, the results of the second sub-hypothesis showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased general self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.05). In explaining the results obtained in relation to the effectiveness of the treatment on the positive emotions of the patients, it can be said that feelings and emotions are an essential part of the dynamic system of human personality. The characteristics and changes of feelings and emotions and their interpretation play an important role in the development of personality organization, moral evolution, social relations, formation of identity and self-concept.DiscussionTherefore, according to the results, it is suggested that emotion-oriented therapy be used to increase positive bed bugs, psychological cohesion, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients. Determining the effectiveness of emotional therapy on emotional balance, sense of inner coherence and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city. Findings about the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the dependent variables of research in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city showed that emotion-oriented therapy has effectively increased positive feelings, feelings of psychological coherence, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city.
Educational Psychology
Fatemeh Nemati; Seyed Mousa Golestaneh; Mahnaz Joukar
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is a challenging developmental stage in which adolescents experience significant changes in their academic and work life due to the mismatch between developmental needs and the learning environment during puberty. Among the important abilities in adolescence is a set of psychological ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is a challenging developmental stage in which adolescents experience significant changes in their academic and work life due to the mismatch between developmental needs and the learning environment during puberty. Among the important abilities in adolescence is a set of psychological abilities known as positive psychological capital. Psychological capital is the positive aspect of human life and is defined based on personal understanding, having a goal to achieve success and stability against problems. Psychological capital is an integrated and interconnected structure of which resilience is a part. Resilience is defined as the process of optimal adaptation in the face of problems, traumatic events, threats, or any stressful situation that may occur in life.Resilience is an ability and skill that enables a person to adapt to problems and challenges. This factor contributes to the positive development process of adolescence. This study examined the effect of the relationship between optimism with resilience with the mediation of self-efficacy in adolescence.MethodThe aim of the present study is applied research and correlational data collection which is done through structural equation modeling. The participants are male and female sixth graders and first and second high school students who were studying in Bushehr in 1400-1401. 12 schools were randomly selected from each Bushehr elementary, first, and second high school. To test the research hypothesis, 600 students were selected through using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Due to the conditions and limitations of the coronavirus disease, questionnaires were provided to students via social media such as Shad, Telegram, and WhatsApp, and eventually, out of 600 distributed questionnaires, 97 questionnaires were rejected and 503 questionnaires with valid information were identified and used in the analysis. Instruments included were a questionnaire Muris's (2001) Self-Efficacy Scales (SEQ-C), DeCaroli John and Sagon's (2014) Resilience Questionnaire, and Sher and Carver's (1985) optimism questionnaire. Analysis with the help of structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS and AMOS-24. In this study for the final assessment of questionnaires to measure Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and optimism Cronbach's alpha was used, and its values, respectively, were 0.90, 0.91, and 0.62.ResultsBased on the presented model, the relationship between optimism and resilience was confirmed with the mediation of self-efficacy in adolescence; The results showed there was a positive and significant relationship between optimism, self-efficacy with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between optimism and self-efficacy directly. There was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and resilience directly. Also, the path of optimism is significant indirectly through self-efficacy with resilience. Based on the presented model, the relationship between optimism by comparing the parameters of the proposed model with the final model, it can be concluded that the final model has a better fit than the data.DiscussionAccording to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the closer we get to adolescence, the effect of optimism decreases and also there is a positive and significant relationship between optimism and resilience through the mediation of self-efficacy. Highly optimistic adolescents have more resilience characteristics than adolescents with low optimism; High self-efficacy teenagers have higher resilience than people with low self-efficacy; The more optimistic the teenagers were, the more self-efficacy they had. One quality that distinguishes resilient people is optimism. These people are not psychologically harmed and have a positive outlook on life's challenges, which makes them more resilient to adversity even in the face of risk and difficulty. Resilient people have plans and goals for the future, find meaning in life, and, because of their high level of optimism, do not give up easily and instead put in more effort when they fail.
Neda Sayfipour Omshi; Abbas Abolghasemi
Abstract
IntroductionIn recent years, people around the world have been exposed to the Coronavirus and its aftermath. It seems that paying attention to Corona is important from a psychological point of view, despite quarantine and social distance, observing double hygiene, using masks and health advice, and changing ...
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IntroductionIn recent years, people around the world have been exposed to the Coronavirus and its aftermath. It seems that paying attention to Corona is important from a psychological point of view, despite quarantine and social distance, observing double hygiene, using masks and health advice, and changing people's lifestyles in general. More than two years after the outbreak of the Coronavirus and the infection and death of many people around the world as a result of the virus, a wave of psychological pressure has swept through communities. Corona anxiety seems to be one of the most common problems and challenges in societies after the occurrence and spread of corona. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and distress tolerance in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety. MethodThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The statistical population consists of adults aged 20 to 45 years who answered the questionnaires electronically in cyberspace (by sharing the questionnaire link in WhatsApp and Telegram groups). From these individuals, 291 samples were selected using the existing method for the structural model. The time of the research was September 2021. Instruments were Snyder's 12-item life expectancy questionnaire, the 18-item Corona Anxiety Scale, the 15-item Simmons and Gahr Distress Scale, and the 17-item Scherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson torque correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling technique with SPSS version 24 and AMOS software. Bootstrap analysis based on Macro Preacher and Hayes (2008) was also used to test the significance of indirect paths. ResultsThe results showed that the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety in individuals was significant. Mediator analyzes showed that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety. While the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety was not significant in individuals and this means that distress tolerance does not mediating role in the relationship between these two variables and distress tolerance cannot change the relationship between corona anxiety and life expectancy. ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, it seems that self-efficacy can reduce corona anxiety by affecting life expectancy because this study showed that although increasing corona anxiety does not change life expectancy; however, life expectancy improves with increased self-efficacy despite increased corona anxiety. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that distress tolerance does not play a role in corona anxiety and life expectancy, which means that increasing or decreasing distress tolerance does not change the relationship between corona anxiety and life expectancy.
P. Ganjeh; M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; I. Davoudi; Y. Zargar
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on the quality of life and self-efficacy in 10-15 year old boys with Asthma symptoms in the city of Ahvaz. The sample was selected using convenience sampling. In order to confirm Asthma symptoms, the participants ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on the quality of life and self-efficacy in 10-15 year old boys with Asthma symptoms in the city of Ahvaz. The sample was selected using convenience sampling. In order to confirm Asthma symptoms, the participants completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire (ISAAC). 12 children with asthma symptoms were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control group). All the participants completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire Asthma module and the Children and Adolescence Self-efficacy Scale in the posttest and follow up stages. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS. The results showed significant improvement in the quality of life and self-efficacy of the experimental group compared with the control group. But there weren't any significant difference between the two groups for the asthma symptoms component. The findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral intervention can be used as a well-established psychotherapy procedure and supplement to medical treatment for children and adolescents with asthma symptoms to reduce asthma complications.
A. Habibzade
Volume 21, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 145-168
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of lesson study on teachers’ self-efficacy. Lesson study is a new instructional method that has been created by the Japanese educational system and involves collaborative planning, teaching, observing, evaluating, and revising by a group ...
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The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of lesson study on teachers’ self-efficacy. Lesson study is a new instructional method that has been created by the Japanese educational system and involves collaborative planning, teaching, observing, evaluating, and revising by a group of teachers in the classroom. Self-efficacy is an important variable in the Banduras theory. The design of this research is based on pretest- posttest with a control group. The statistical population in this study includes third grade teachers working in the primary schools of the city of Qom, Iran. The statistical sample contains 24 teachers from 8 schools selected by randomized sampling and randomized displacement, which were divided into 12 experimental and 12 control groups. The Teacher’s sense of efficacy scale (long form), developed by Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, was used to gather the data. After conducting a pretest and conducting instructional meetings for the experimental and control groups, the lesson study was executed for 12 weeks for the 12 subjects in the experimental group. Finally, the posttest was conducted and data was analyzed by ANOVA. Findings show that lesson studies reinforce teacher self-efficacy in factors such as classroom management, student engagement and instructional strategies.
A. R. Mottahedi; N. Behroozi; M. Shehni Yailagh; S. Hashemi Sheykhshabani
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2013, , Pages 39-68
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the purpose of predicting group membership of academic giftedness and ordinariness in first grade high school students, using variables such as academic motivation, goal orientation, emotional intelligence, metacognition, direction strategies, deep approach to study, ...
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The present study was conducted with the purpose of predicting group membership of academic giftedness and ordinariness in first grade high school students, using variables such as academic motivation, goal orientation, emotional intelligence, metacognition, direction strategies, deep approach to study, self-efficacy, academic adjustment and personality traits. Nine questionnaires used in this study were: 1- Inventory of School Motivation (ISM) 2- Academic Goal Orientation (AGOR) 3- Schutte Emotional Intelligence (SSEIT) 4- Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI) 5- Inventory of Learning Style (ILS) 6- The Approaches to Study Inventory (ASI) 7- The Patterns of Adaptive Learning Study (PALS) 8- Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) 9- NEO-FFI. To carry out the study, two samples consisting of 178 ordinary male and female high school students together with 135 gifted male and female high school students were randomly selected. To test the hypotheses and predict groups’ membership, discriminant analysis was used. Using the Enter method, the result showed that the difference between the two groups of gifted and ordinary students was significant. Using Stepwise method, effective variables were: 1- external direction 2- metacognitive regulation 3- appraisal and expression of emotion 4- deep approach to study 5- performance goal orientation 6- academic adjustment 7- intrinsic motivation 8- conscientiousness 9- neuroticism 10- avoidance performance goal orientation. Besides, when the variables were separately used to predict groups membership, variables such as performance goal orientation, avoidance performance goal orientation, appraisal and expression of emotion, metacognitive regulation, external direction, deep approach to study, academic adjustment, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience remained significant.
A. Sadeghi; I. Baghban; F. Bahrami; A. Ahmadi; H. Molavi
Volume 19, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the factors that affect students᾽ (8-12 grads) career development in Isfahan. The statistical population of this research includes 8 to 12 grade participants who were 721 students. The NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Career Development Inventory-Australia-short ...
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The purpose of this research was to study the factors that affect students᾽ (8-12 grads) career development in Isfahan. The statistical population of this research includes 8 to 12 grade participants who were 721 students. The NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Career Development Inventory-Australia-short form, Skill Confidence Scale, Parent Support Inventory, Career Decision-Making Scale, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale, Self Esteem Questionnaire and Strong Interest Inventory were used. The results showed that the effects of career decision-making self-efficacy, parent support and artistic interest were positive and the effect of indecision on career development was negative. Results showed that the effect of career decision-making self-efficacy on career development was more than the effect of other variables. The effect of parent support on career development was more than the effect of artistic interest. In addition, the results indicated that self efficacy had significant effect on interest. Finally, the results showed that neuroticism positively and conscientiousness and openness to experience negatively affected indecision.
T. Kazemeini
Volume 18, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 191-206
Abstract
The present study examines the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in improving college students’ self-esteem and self-efficacy. This research based on pretest-posttest control group. A sample of 24 college students who referred to psychological clinic at Ferdowsi university of ...
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The present study examines the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in improving college students’ self-esteem and self-efficacy. This research based on pretest-posttest control group. A sample of 24 college students who referred to psychological clinic at Ferdowsi university of Mashhad and liked to attend the cognitive-behavioral group therapy that and who earned low scores in Coppersmith’s self-esteem inventory in screening stage, was randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (7 female and 5 male). Experimental group received eight weekly one-and-a-half-hour sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and control group received no specific intervention. Measurement scales were Coppersmith’s Self-Esteem Scale and Shere’s Self-efficacy Inventory. For analyzing data, Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) has been used.After controlling the baseline scores, the experimental group participants demonstrated significantly higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy compared to the control group.It seems that cognitive-behavioral group therapy can enhance self-esteem and self-efficacy in college students.
S. Zamini; L. Barzegary; T. Hashemi; R. Kiani
Volume 18, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 207-222
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-efficacy, language learning orientations and language learning strategies on English academic achievement among third graders of junior High Schools. Participants included 164 (female=83, male=81) students who were selected by cluster random ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-efficacy, language learning orientations and language learning strategies on English academic achievement among third graders of junior High Schools. Participants included 164 (female=83, male=81) students who were selected by cluster random sampling. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The variables were Measured by Sherer's general self-efficacy scale (GSES), language learning orientations scale (LLOS), strategy inventory for language learning (SILL) and a English academic achievement test. Data were using analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson correlation test showed that there was a meaningful and positive relation among self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, meta-cognitive strategies, intrinsic motivation and English academic achievement. There was a meaningful and negative relationship among amotivation orientation and English academic achievement. Also, Stepwise Regression Analyses and Beta Test indicated that amotivation orientation, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were the best prediction for English academic achievement. The results of this study indicated the effect of self-efficacy, language learning orientations and language learning strategies on English academic achievement.
masoud boroomand nasab; Hosein Shokrkon
Abstract
This study was aimed at examining simple and multiple relationships of self-efficacy, locus of control, tolerance (as potential antecedents of entrepreneurship) with entrepreneurship in students of Shahid Chamran University (Ahvaz, Iran). 600 subjects were randomly selected for this study. 400 subjects ...
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This study was aimed at examining simple and multiple relationships of self-efficacy, locus of control, tolerance (as potential antecedents of entrepreneurship) with entrepreneurship in students of Shahid Chamran University (Ahvaz, Iran). 600 subjects were randomly selected for this study. 400 subjects (200 women and 200 men) were tested for the hypotheses, and 200 subjects (100 women and 100 men) were tested for the scale validation phase. Subjects completed five scales: Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO), Measuring Your Entrepreneurial Traits (MET), Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, The Scale of Tolerance-Intolerance Ambiguity, and the Locus of Control Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression statistical methods. The overall results indicate that, all examined antecedents correlate highly and positively with students’ entrepreneurship.
M. Shehni Yeylagh; Z. Bonabi Mobarakey; H. Shokrkon
Abstract
This study is a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the between and within domain-relations of motivation constructs (self-efficacy, task-value, and achievement goal orientations) among 430 high school students from the four education districts in Ahvaz city, Iran. Interrelations among these constructs ...
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This study is a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the between and within domain-relations of motivation constructs (self-efficacy, task-value, and achievement goal orientations) among 430 high school students from the four education districts in Ahvaz city, Iran. Interrelations among these constructs were investigated in four different academic subjects (Mathematics, English, Literature and Biology). Strengths of between domain associations differed substantially by individual constructs, Performance-approach and performance- avoidance goals were highly correlated across domains, whereas task value and mastery goals were more distinct across domains. Self-efficacy perceptions were moderately correlated across subjects. Within-domain interrelations among these motivational constructs were generally consistent with previous research. More important, consistent patterns of relations were observed in four different academic domains.
