Psychometrics scales
Mohsen Arbezi; Zahra Noorozi Ghader loo
Abstract
IntroductionA psychologically rich life is other psychologically desirable life which has recently been conceptualized and introduced by experts in the field of well-being. Developing a psychologically rich life questionnaire is necessary to investigate psychologically rich life in Iranian society empirically. ...
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IntroductionA psychologically rich life is other psychologically desirable life which has recently been conceptualized and introduced by experts in the field of well-being. Developing a psychologically rich life questionnaire is necessary to investigate psychologically rich life in Iranian society empirically. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Psychologically rich life Questionnaire (Oishi et al., 2019) in two general population groups and College students. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. The first study was conducted on the general population, and the second was on the student population.MethodIn the first study, 450 people from the general population of Shiraz were selected using the convenience sampling method; And they responded to Psychologically rich life questionnaires (Oishi et al., 2019), depression-short form (Beck et al., 1996) and meaning of life (Steger, 2010). In the second study, 220 students of Shiraz University who were studying in the academic year of 2019-2020; selected by convenience sampling method; and answered Psychologically rich life questionnaires (Oishi et al., 2019), flourishing scale (Diener et al., 2010), the scale of positive and negative feelings (Diener et al., 2010) and life satisfaction questionnaire (Diener et al., 1985). SPSS-16 and AMOS-21 statistical software analyzed data. The content, construct, convergent and divergent validity of the mentioned questionnaire were investigated using the opinions of educational and clinical psychology experts, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficients of Psychologically rich life components with related variables, respectively. In order to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used.ResultsExperts confirmed the representativeness of the questionnaire items to measure Psychologically rich life. In the first study, both types of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used for construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Persian version of the psychological rich life questionnaire consists of three factors under the headings of «new and various experiences», «unusual experiences», and «non-uniformity». Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the fit of the three-factor model with the data. Also, in this study, the logical relationship between the components of a psychologically rich life and related variables indicates this questionnaire's convergent and divergent validity. In the second study, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model of a psychologically rich life is consistent with the data. In this study, the logical relationship between the components of a psychologically rich life with related variables indicates the convergent and divergent validity of the questionnaire. In both studies, Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirms the reliability of the questionnaire.ConclusionThe research findings show that the questionnaire mentioned has suitable psychometric indicators for measuring the Psychologically rich life of the general and student population; researchers can use it.
Psychometrics scales
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe; Zahra Khani; Hojjatollah Farahani; Parviz Azadfallah
Abstract
IntroductionThe Internet is one of the most influential forms of mass media that created a great revolution at the global level. Today, most people spend their time on the Internet and use the Internet in various fields such as learning, playing, teaching, social communication, and shopping. In this ...
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IntroductionThe Internet is one of the most influential forms of mass media that created a great revolution at the global level. Today, most people spend their time on the Internet and use the Internet in various fields such as learning, playing, teaching, social communication, and shopping. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the online shopping addiction scale in an Iranian sample. MethodThis research was a descriptive-analytical evaluation study. The sample consisted of 500 women (404) and men (96) in Tehran in 2021 who were selected by the available sampling method and completed the online shopping addiction scale, Saving inventory questionnaire, and psychological well-being questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the online shopping addiction scale were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, divergent validity, concurrent validity, Pearson correlation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in R software version 4.1 at a significance level of 0.05. Two translators fluent in English separately translated the questionnaire into Farsi. The prepared English versions were compared with the original version of the questionnaire, and with the cooperation of the group of translators, the Farsi version of the questionnaire was prepared and given to several people in different age groups. After identifying and solving the ambiguities in the questions, the final version of the questionnaire was prepared.ResultsAccording to the investigations, the average and standard deviation of the age of the research participants were 29.68 and 9.16, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the six-factor structure (Salience, Tolerance, Mood Modification, Withdrawal, Relapse, Conflict) of the online shopping addiction scale was assessed and validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.07). To check the construct validity of the scale, we will first check its confirmatory factor analysis. The suitability of the test items for factor analysis was investigated using the correlation index of the score of each item with the corrected total score. In the study of concurrent and divergent criterion validity, the correlation of the online shopping addiction scale with the positive Saving inventory scale was significant. The relationship between online shopping addiction and psychological well-being was also negative and significant. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score of the online shopping addiction scale was 0.93 and for its dimensions was 0.72 to 0.91.DiscussionThe results of the present study were similar to previous studies, showing the good validity of the tool. The findings of the present study showed that the Persian version of the online shopping addiction questionnaire in the Iranian sample has adequate validity and reliability. The existence of a high correlation with the storage behavior questionnaire as well as a high Cronbach's alpha for the subscales is also a confirmation that this questionnaire can be used effectively. Since less attention has been paid to the issue of online shopping addiction inside the country, by conducting extensive studies, we can see the validity of this scale as much as possible inside the country of Iran.
Psychometrics scales
fatemeh Farid; Gholam Ali Afrooz; Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta; Abbas Bazargan
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric characteristics of the parent form of the Children's Behavioral Assessment (BASC-3) among the students at primary elementary school in Tehran. The psychology and education of exceptional children requires the use of psychological ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric characteristics of the parent form of the Children's Behavioral Assessment (BASC-3) among the students at primary elementary school in Tehran. The psychology and education of exceptional children requires the use of psychological tools that can provide a detailed understanding of exceptional children, their needs, strengths, and weaknesses. The importance of interpersonal and intra-individual differences is one of the things that reaches its peak in psychological assessment, especially in exceptional assessment. Therefore, by using the principles and techniques of psychometrics in the field of exceptional children, the measurement in this field should be developed, in such a way that the process of identifying, classifying, and evaluating educational and psychological interventions in a multidimensional way and considering the diversity Intrapersonal and interpersonal interactions are possible. Among the groups of students with special needs are children and students with emotional-behavioral disorders. This group has a wide scope and includes many problems. MethodThe research society consisted of two subgroups, which included the students at the primary elementary school in Tehran in the academic year of 2022-2023, through which access to the second community, the parents of first year primary elementary students. The research sample included 800 parents (400 mothers and 400 fathers) who were tested in by available sampling. The research design was analytical in terms of descriptive method and practical in terms of purpose. The research tools were BASC-3 parent form for children and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). To analyze the data, Cronbach's alpha, Inter- rater reliability, test – retest reliability, internal structure & concurrent validity methods were used. ResultsSince the Cronbach coefficients of the factors were above 0.70, the internal consistency coefficient was reported to be excellent. Also, Inter- rater reliability was in the medium to excellent range. The test-retest reliability coefficient in the mothers' questionnaire ranged from 0.76 to 0.90 and in the fathers' questionnaire from 0.73 to 0.86, which were classified in the medium to high range. Also, the findings of the research showed that it has a good internal structure and a strong correlation between the subscales.DiscussionAccording to the findings of the research, which shows the reliability and validity of this tool, it is recommended to use it to collect information about children's behavioral problems and adaptability, and if necessary, design and implement appropriate educational and intervention programs for children. Studying the identification and diagnosis of emotional-behavioral disorders at a young age with the aim of prevention and early intervention in order to prevent the severity of the symptoms of disorders and prevent their consequences is an important matter that the necessity of studying at the level of early detection using tools that are reliable and They have good credibility and it requires the intervention by using educational programs and interventions that are approved by experts. Considering this issue, it is more necessary to examine the psychometric characteristics of tools that provide the possibility of measurement leading to diagnosis and intervention. Among these tools, which have been less studied in the country, BASC-3, which provides the possibility of multidimensional measurement and prescriptive diagnosis among children, teenagers, and even young adults. To investigate the psychometric properties of the tool among the students of the first year of elementary school, the reliability and validity of the tool was studied.
Psychometrics scales
Mohsen Arbezi
Abstract
Background: Moral characteristics are virtues that can affect the quality of different dimensions of people's lives. For example, the role of conscientiousness as an antecedent for academic success (Kappe & Van Der Flier, 2012), better job performance (Barrick, & Mount, 1991), health-oriented ...
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Background: Moral characteristics are virtues that can affect the quality of different dimensions of people's lives. For example, the role of conscientiousness as an antecedent for academic success (Kappe & Van Der Flier, 2012), better job performance (Barrick, & Mount, 1991), health-oriented behaviors (Bogg & Roberts, 2004), psychological well-being (Tanksale, 2015) and Marital satisfaction (Claxton et al., 2012) pointed out. All these research evidences indicate the adaptive function of conscientiousness in different aspects of life. also Conscientiousness is one of the most critical ethical virtues. Therefore, a tool with appropriate psychometric properties must measure this ethical background with other variables. The current research aims to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the conscientiousness ethics scale.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the conscientiousness ethics scale in a group of Shiraz University undergraduate students.Methods: The undergraduate students in the present study were from Shiraz University in 2019-2020 academic year; 440 (221 women and 219 men) were selected by the multistage random clustering method and responded to the conscientiousness ethics scale. After entering data into the software SPSS-16, The data were randomly divided into two equal parts; Thus, to perform exploratory factor analysis, Data from the first 220 samples And confirmatory factor analysis were collected from 220 other samples.Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that conscientiousness ethics is composed of two factors, conscientiousness and trustworthiness. The confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the two-factor structure of conscientiousness ethics. The values of Cronbach's alpha coefficients also confirmed the instrument's reliability.Conclusion: In general, the results of this research show the efficiency of the conscientiousness ethics scale; And researchers in the field of moral psychology can use it. The preparation of this tool can lead to an increase in theoretical knowledge in the field of moral characters.
davod fathi; ahmadreza kiani; esmail sadri; ali sheikholslamy
Abstract
IntroductionThe death of a loved one, especially when it happens tragically or prematurely, could rock the foundations of our hypothetical world and our relationship with God and the world (Neimeyer, 2019) and cause deep challenges (Neimeyer, Prigerson& Davies, 2002). Complicated spiritual grief ...
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IntroductionThe death of a loved one, especially when it happens tragically or prematurely, could rock the foundations of our hypothetical world and our relationship with God and the world (Neimeyer, 2019) and cause deep challenges (Neimeyer, Prigerson& Davies, 2002). Complicated spiritual grief is a crisis during bereavement that endangers the bereaved person’s sense of relationship with God or the religious community as they struggle to re-establish spiritual balance after the loss of a loved one (Holland, Burke, Neimeyer et al., 2014). As for complicated spiritual grief in Iran, there has been no scale to determine the psychometric properties thereof, nor has such a scale become normative in the country. The Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG) is a 5-point scale that is used to measure post-grief meaning. The ICSG has been used and validated by Neimeyer et al. (2014) and Holland Burke. However, the scale has not been investigated or psychometrically tested in Iranian society. The present research aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ICSG in relation to the Iranian sample.MethodThe research sample included 215 bereaved women in the Iranian city of Ardabil who were selected on an available basis. Then, they responded to the research tool. In the study, the ICSG (Holland, Burke and Neimeyer et al., 2014) and the Grief Experience Questionnaire (Barrett and Scott, 1989) were used. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 and AMOS version 24 software tools. The SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis, and the AMOS software was used for combined reliability (CR) and factor analysis. ResultsThe face, content and structure validity of the research showed that the ICSG has appropriate validity and reliability. The scale’s convergent validity was confirmed to be (AVE>0/50). The internal consistency reliability of the ICSG was assessed using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and an alpha coefficient of 0.73-0.81 confirmed the reliability of the dimensions of the scale. In addition, the correlation results pertaining to the variables of the research showed that the ICSG has a significant correlation with the grief experience scale (p<0.01). ConclusionOverall, the findings of the research indicated that the 18-item Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief has strong internal consistency and convergent and incremental validity, and that the scale supports a two-factor model for measuring doubt in God and impairment of the person’s religious faith. Thus, the results of the present research showed that the ICSG has good validity and reliability for the Iranian sample.
H. R. Pouretemad; M. Rostami; M. Babamohamadi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 255-268
Abstract
Dyslexia can significantly affect scholastic achievement across life. Thus, the diagnosis of this deficiency has always been a concern for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to identify the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adult Dyslexia Checklist (ADC) and the Adult Reading ...
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Dyslexia can significantly affect scholastic achievement across life. Thus, the diagnosis of this deficiency has always been a concern for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to identify the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adult Dyslexia Checklist (ADC) and the Adult Reading Checklist (ARC). In this study, 281 undergraduate students from Shahid Beheshti University were selected through stratified random sampling. The Persian version of the P-ADC, P-ARC and Words Reading Test were administered on the participants. The reliability was calculated using internal consistency and the split-half method. The validity was estimated based on discriminative and convergence validity. Finally, the ROC curves were analyzed to identify the cut-off points. The internal consistency for the P-ADC was 0.71 and 0.74 for the P-ARC. The Split-half reliability coefficient for P-ADC and P-ARC were 0.58 and 0.52, respectively. The discriminative and convergence validity were acceptable. The cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were 11, 0/68 and 0/88 for the P-ADC and 46, 0/63 and 0/88 for P-ARC, respectively. Furthermore, using the P-ADC’s cut off points, 15 (%5/3) individuals and according to P-ARC, 13 (%4/6) people were suggested to have reading problems. 10 (%52/63) of the participants were in both groups. The findings of the current study suggest that both P-ADS and P-ARC can be considered as valuable instruments in measuring the reading ability of adult Persian speakers. Thus, they can be used for research and diagnostic purposes among relevant samples.
L. Haghshenas; A. Navidian; A. S. Aminjafari; A. Kazemi; M. R. Abedi; H. Sadeghi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 137-158
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare norm scores and determine the validity and reliability of Campbell Interest and Skill Survey on Isfahan high school students. 412 students were selected by cluster random sampling method and Campbell Interest and Skill Survey was administeredto them. Campbell ...
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The purpose of this study was to prepare norm scores and determine the validity and reliability of Campbell Interest and Skill Survey on Isfahan high school students. 412 students were selected by cluster random sampling method and Campbell Interest and Skill Survey was administeredto them. Campbell Scales reliability coefficients were computed using alpha and test–retest methods. Orientation Interests Scales validities were computed in three ways: correlation between Orientation Interests Scales and Educational-Vocational Interest Short Form Inventory, comparison of scores of male and female students, and correlation between Orientation Interest Scales and Orientation Skill Scales. The Validity of second battery of CISS Scales, that is Orientation Skill, Scales was analyzed through two ways: correlation between Orientation Skill Scales and Skill Confidence Inventory, and correlation between Orientation Skill Scales and Orientation Interest Scales. The validity of the third battery of scales, that is 29 Basic Interest Scales, was examined using the correlation of this battery of scales and 29 Basic Skill Scales. The validity of 29 Basic Skill Scales also was examined using the correlation of this battery of scales and 29 Basic Interest Scales. In sum, findings showed that Farsi form of CISS is a valuable instrument for evaluation of interest and skill, and has satisfactory reliability and validity for high school students.
M. Ghiasi; M. Molavi; H. Neshatdost; M. Salavati
Volume 18, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 93-118
Abstract
This research was performed in order to investigate the factor structure of Young Schema Questionnaire-S3 (YSQ-S3) in two groups of clinical and non-clinical samples. The participants consisted of 470 individuals (165 male and 305 female) who were not referred to clinics offering psychological and psychiatry ...
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This research was performed in order to investigate the factor structure of Young Schema Questionnaire-S3 (YSQ-S3) in two groups of clinical and non-clinical samples. The participants consisted of 470 individuals (165 male and 305 female) who were not referred to clinics offering psychological and psychiatry services, and also 82 individuals (37 male and 45 female) who were referred to clinics for psychological and psychiatry services, but have not received any psychotherapy since last two years, who were selected accessible sampling. All subjects completed Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ- S3) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). The data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, discriminate analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. By performing factor analysis in non-clinical group, 12 factors were found, of which three factors corresponded fully with Young's 18 factors. For extracted factors, Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, specificity was from 0.57- 0.73 and the sensitivity was from 51.20 to 64.60. The concurrent validity coefficient was 0.64 between Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and extracted factors of YSQ-S3. The cut-off points were determined for screening too.
M. Khodayarifard; S.M. Mirkamali; G. Afrooz; M. Paknejad; H. Hooman; A. Beh-Pajooh; H. ShokrKon; S. Hossainian; S.M. Yazdi; B. Ghobari; M. Shokoohi-Yekta; M. Rabi – Zadeh; A.N. Faghihi; F. Hossaini Hossain – Abad
Volume 17, Issue 2 , December 2010, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
The aim of the persent study was to examine the psychometric properties of the job satisfaction and customers' satisfaction scales in employees of Irarian bank of Saderat. The method was descriptive-survey. Two separate questionnaires. Job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction special for Bank of Saderat ...
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The aim of the persent study was to examine the psychometric properties of the job satisfaction and customers' satisfaction scales in employees of Irarian bank of Saderat. The method was descriptive-survey. Two separate questionnaires. Job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction special for Bank of Saderat were including developed. Through a pilot study their psychometric features were calculated. The final questionnaires were administrated on two separate samples including the bank employees (N= 873) and the customers (N=350). The samples were selected randomly through stratified sampling method. The results of explanatory Factor Analysis confirmed the initial theoretical structure and extracted seven factors including providing meeting material and non material needs, communication with coworkers and customers, nature of work, with supervisor, responsibility and respect, workplace conditions, and organizational climate. The level of employees’ job satisfaction was in averagelevei. The lowest scores of job satisfaction were found in following factors: organizational climate, meeting material-nonmaterial needs, and workplace conditions. Explanatory Factor Analysis confirmed the theoretical model and extracted four factors in meeting customer satisfaction including satisfaction with staff and the bank procedures, physical conditions of the bank, obstacle, in equipment of the bank services, and obstacles made by human resource for bank services.
Gh. Rajabi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , December 2010, , Pages 63-80
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of theEarly/Late Preference Scales.200 personnel selected using simple random method (92 male, and 108 female) completedthe Early/Late Preference Scale, and Morningness-Eveningness Question-naire. To assess the reliability of measure, α ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of theEarly/Late Preference Scales.200 personnel selected using simple random method (92 male, and 108 female) completedthe Early/Late Preference Scale, and Morningness-Eveningness Question-naire. To assess the reliability of measure, α coefficient, and to examine the validity of this measure, exploratory factor analysis (Varimax rotation), and confirmatory factor analysis were administered.Principle components analysis (Varimax rotation) on the Early/Late Preferences Scale revealed three factors: General activity, Morningness, and eveningness accounted for 48.83% of the variance. The greater portion of this variance (24.48%) was accounted for by the first factor. Also, confirmatory factor analysis showed preference for determined the three-factor model by one modification over the one-factor model by two modifications. Cronbach's α coefficient (internal consistency) was acceptable for the whole scale and in extracted factors. Correlation coefficient between each item of the scale with the total score of the items ranged between 0.41 to 0.64 and all were statistically significant (p≤0.001). Concurrent validity coefficient between this scale and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (M-EQ) was -0.40. These results support the use of the PS as a brief instrument for assessing the hierarchical structure of Early/Late Preference Scale in a variety of participants.
R. Eftekhari
Abstract
Evaluation in its non-formal sense is not a new thing. Man has almost always used evalulation to gain information about his actions to improve his affairs. Nowadays, evaluation in the form of the qestionnaire, is viewed as a scientific approach which, aided by the use of statistical techniques, has proven ...
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Evaluation in its non-formal sense is not a new thing. Man has almost always used evalulation to gain information about his actions to improve his affairs. Nowadays, evaluation in the form of the qestionnaire, is viewed as a scientific approach which, aided by the use of statistical techniques, has proven useful in practice. Questionnaires comprise different questions, each one providing a part of the required information. As a rule, in designing the questions of a questionnaire, depending on the aim of the research, methods are devised to measure the size of the reliability and validity of the instrument in which equal weight is given to all of the questions, thus attaching equal importance to them. Since some of the questions provide more signifcant pieces of information, it seems that determining an appropriate weight for each question will reflect the results of the questionnaire in a more realistic way. The aim of this study was to provide a suitable method for correct valuation of the items on the questionnaire of the academic members general evaluation. To achieve this aim, first the researcher decided to collect the experts points of view by studying the relevant literature and by using group Analytic-Hierarchy-Process (AHP) and mathemtical modal model of operation research (OR), the new weight for each item of the questionnaire was determined. The result of the application of the new coefficients to the questionnaire, administered to 30 members of academic staff, all randomly selected, showed a significant difference in comparison to the former that of questionnaire. Note. In this study the Excell and LingO software was used for solving the presented model.
