shadi jazini; Fahimeh Namdarpour; abbas amanelahi
Abstract
Adolescence is one of the most critical stages of life. Homeless adolescents are not only more exposed to sexual harm than others but also miss educational opportunities using effective resources due to isolation and stressful events in their lives. Such adolescents are also more likely to experience ...
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Adolescence is one of the most critical stages of life. Homeless adolescents are not only more exposed to sexual harm than others but also miss educational opportunities using effective resources due to isolation and stressful events in their lives. Such adolescents are also more likely to experience dysfunctional relationships with parents and other people and are also more exposed to trauma and other risk factors that increase the likelihood of unsafe sex. These behaviors include starting sexual intercourse at a young age, having more sexual partners, and insufficient use of contraceptive methods. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide a qualitative analysis of the sexual problems of adolescents living in boarding welfare centers.MethodThe present study sought to analyze the sexual problems of adolescents living in boarding welfare centers using Colaizzi’s qualitative phenomenological approach. The participants were 15 adolescents who were selected using purposive sampling. The data from the adolescents was collected using semi-structured interviews that continued until data saturation. Each interview lasted about 45 to 60 minutes. The data were clustered into primary themes, subthemes, and main themes. The primary themes were extracted in the first stage. To this end, the themes and the statements from the first interview were extracted and labeled. The subthemes were extracted and categorized after labeling several interviews. At this stage, almost all categories were identified. The data from each interview were confirmed by the participant. After the completion of each interview, the recorded notes and statements were carefully reviewed immediately to ensure the credibility of the data. Moreover, the main codes and themes were examined in several meetings with subject-matter experts, and the validity of the findings was confirmed by the participants and the experts in the field.ResultsThe data were coded and analyzed in three stages. The results revealed 27 primary themes, 9 subthemes, and 3 main themes including sexual traumas, sexual misbehavior, and invalid sexual modeling. DiscussionThe findings showed that adolescents with sexual problems are engaged in sexual traumas, sexually wrong behaviors, and invalid sexual modeling. Thus, to improve the sexual health of adolescents, clear, specific, and practical educational intervention programs need to be formulated and implemented.
Psychotherapy
Maryam Kooraki; Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi; Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand
Abstract
AbstractAim: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Psychodrama group therapy on the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social anxiety in female adolescents of Sirjan City.Methods: The research used a pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up semi-experimental control group design. The population ...
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AbstractAim: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Psychodrama group therapy on the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social anxiety in female adolescents of Sirjan City.Methods: The research used a pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up semi-experimental control group design. The population was all ninth-grade female students of Sirjan schools in the academic year 2022-2023. The first sample of the study included 250 female students who were selected from among those who referred to the comprehensive health service centers using an accessible sampling method. These people answered the Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale (SAS-A; Puklek & Videk, (2008) and a structured clinical interview for social anxiety disorder based on DSM-5, and 36 of them who got at least one score higher than the standard deviation score were separated from Among them, 28 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected and placed in two groups of 14 people (experimental and control group). The experimental group received Psychodrama group therapy; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. In the end, 12 people remained in each group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) through SPSS software (version 24).(Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in the post-test phase in terms of Apprehension and fear of negative evaluation (AFNE)( Cognitive component) (p <0.0001, F = 29.34) and tension and inhibition in social contact (TISC)(behavioral component) (p <0.0001, F = 37.9)of social anxiety. This difference was also observed in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: A psychodrama group therapy program emphasizing drama and creativity can be an effective and efficient intervention to reduce the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social anxiety in adolescent girls.keywords: Social Anxiety, Psychodrama group therapy, Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects, Adolescents,
Family Psychology
Marjan Dabiri; Nafiseh Yousefi; Abbas Javaheri Mohammadi
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is a period of rapid biological, psychological and social changes that have a significant effect on the relationship of adolescents with others, including the relationship with their parents. The relationship between parents and adolescents is important in this developmental period, ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is a period of rapid biological, psychological and social changes that have a significant effect on the relationship of adolescents with others, including the relationship with their parents. The relationship between parents and adolescents is important in this developmental period, so that the most important and critical relationship in adolescence is established with parents and conflicts between them can be one of the stressful experiences of this period for a person. Various variables have a role in the quality of relationship and interaction among adolescents and parents that cyberspace is one of the effective them. Today, due to the expansion of the Internet and the use of cyberspace, many changes have been made in people's relationships and their lifestyles, especially in adolescences, so the internet has become an integral component of adolescents’ daily lives. Therefore, The purpose of the present study was to examine the experience of adolescents on how interact with their parents due to the use of cyberspace.MethodThe research method was qualitative and phenomenology. The population of this study included adolescents aged 16 -18 in Tehran in 1402-1403. The participants were selected through purposeful and the sampling continued until saturation. At final, in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 participants (8 girls and 6 boys). After transcribing the text of interviews, the data were analyzed using the seven-stop Colaizi’s method.ResultsBased on the analysis of the lived experience of the participants in the current research, 24 primary concepts, 8 sub-concepts and 4 main concepts were extracted. The main concepts and sub-concepts of this study included: 1) the pattern of parents in relation with the use of cyberspace (cognitive-emotional, behavioral), 2) the reactive pattern of adolescents in relation to their parents in the use of cyberspace (cognitive-emotional, behavioral), 3) Consequences of using cyberspace in parent-adolescent relationship (strengthening of relation, disturbance in the relations) and 9) adolescent’s demands from parents (supervision and support “logical” of adolescents, increasing the presence and intimacy of the parent-adolescent).DiscussionThe results suggest that only the use of cyberspace cannot disrupt or strengthen the relationship parents-adolescents, but parent-adolescent interaction style, the type of control and supervision of the parents, and the way of parents use the cyberspace are the important factors that affect the consequences of using the cyberspace in the relationship parent-adolescent.
Reza Homaei; Alireza Maredpour; Armin Mahmudi
Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature on forgiveness on the differentiation and emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide. One of the social problems of today's societies is suicide, which worries ...
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IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature on forgiveness on the differentiation and emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide. One of the social problems of today's societies is suicide, which worries the family, society, and statesmen. Based on this, much research has been conducted by researchers in the fields of psychology, social sciences, and mental health because the statistics published by the World Health Organization and the health organizations of the countries are very worrying and show an increase in suicide among young people. MethodThe research method was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all adolescents in the age group of 16 to 18 years who attempted suicide in Isfahan, and the sample size included 30 people, 15 of whom were randomly selected in the experimental group and 15 in the control group and selected by the available sampling method. An indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature of forgiveness (based on poems by Ferdowsi, Nezami, Khayyam, Molavi, Saadi and Roudaki) was implemented for adolescents who attempted suicide in the experimental group (in 8 sessions). Measurement tools included the 13-item Emotional Safety Questionnaire of Casey Family Service Center (2007) and the 46-item Differentiation Questionnaire of Skowron (2000). For data analysis, a covariance analysis test with repeated measures was used.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of differentiation post-test and emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide in the experimental and control groups. In explaining the findings of the research, it can be said that in the poem there are emotions and emotions such as sadness, happiness, anxiety, hope, despair, nostalgia, and surprise, which arise from the mental and mental states of the poet, and the poet tries to convey them to the audience as they are and based on the theory of the emotional-emotional life of the Eastern man, which defines the emotional-emotional states of each person as a result of his emotional-emotional education and considers it necessary to know his own emotions and emotions. In the noble Persian poetry and ancient literature, these emotional-emotional aspects are well taken into consideration and easily affect the emotional-emotional characteristics of the audience. The attention of poets of ancient Persian literature, such as Ferdowsi, Nizami, Khayyam, Molavi, Saadi and Rudaki, to the emotional-emotional components of human beings has caused them to choose a specific model for the emotional aesthetics of their poems. DiscussionIn the therapeutic atmosphere of a non-threatening atmosphere, along with unconditional positive attention to express the feelings of anger and resentment of others, the researcher has provided an opportunity for the teenager to complete the incomplete gestalts. Unhealed emotions were released, and the adolescent's psychological defenses were broken. Therefore, the adolescents of the experimental group were able to find out that revenge and malice are useless, and this was the beginning of their cognitive processing of the incident. During this cognitive processing, they were able to review their role in the loss of this relationship, to be guided from only paying attention to the mistakes and weaknesses of others, and to face the essence of their existence. Become the main ones who make mistakes and, at the same time, are valuable with a feeling of shame and guilt, thus they can live more calmly, and by maintaining their mental health, they have a greater sense of emotional safety.
zahra ebrahimi; Shahrokh Makvand Hoseini; Seyed Mosa Tabatabaee
Abstract
Introduction
Adolescence is considered an important period of life that is accompanied by considerable biological and psychological changes that may lead to anxiety disorders in some cases. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders among adolescents is mainly ...
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Introduction
Adolescence is considered an important period of life that is accompanied by considerable biological and psychological changes that may lead to anxiety disorders in some cases. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders among adolescents is mainly characterized by heightened levels of anxiety that interferes with performance during life. Clinicians warn that untreated GAD can be harmful and may shift to a more severe disorder such as major depression disorder. Therefore, identifying underlying factors and concomitants of the disease seems pivotal. This study aimed to investigate the prediction of generalized anxiety disorder based on 3 attachment styles as well as examine the mediated role of maladaptive schemas.
Method
The statistical population of the study included students of different levels of high school, ages 13-18 years living in Tehran province, in the autumn and winter of the academic year of 2019 – 2020, from which 297 students were selected by a simple random sampling method. The Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Young’s Schema Questionnaire-short form (YSQ-SF) were used for data collection. A statistical analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed using the SPSS-16 software.
Results
A negative and significant (P<0/01) direct effect was observed for secure attachment and avoidant attachment styles, while no significant direct effects were found for ambivalent attachment style relationship to generalized anxiety disorder. Also, the early maladaptive schemas could significantly mediate the secure attachment style and avoidant attachment style relationship to generalized anxiety disorder, while no mediating role was detected for the ambivalent attachment style. A Bootstrapping analysis also confirmed this finding. All 5 categories of maladaptive attachment schemas significantly were correlated to GAD symptoms.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that increased measures of secure and avoidant attachment styles in adolescents are associated with decreased levels of GAD symptoms. Increase indices in each of the 5 categories of maladaptive schemas (The 18 early maladaptive schemas are classified into 5 main areas: Disconnection/Rejection, Impaired Autonomy, and Performance, Other-Directedness, Hypervigilance/ Inhibition, Impaired Limits) are associated with increased GAD severity, so the relationship is significant. Also, early maladaptive schemas could mediate the relationship between secure and avoidant attachment styles with generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents. According to the results of this study, careful consideration of attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas to prevent generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents is recommended.
Farzaneh Michaeli Manee; Sheler Abkhiz
Abstract
Aim: Taking into account the importance of creativity and the effective role of creative self-efficacy (CSE) in it, several attempts have been performed to develop appropriate measures. One of the multi-dimensional tools to assess CSE is Abbott’s (2010) creative self-efficacy inventory. The current ...
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Aim: Taking into account the importance of creativity and the effective role of creative self-efficacy (CSE) in it, several attempts have been performed to develop appropriate measures. One of the multi-dimensional tools to assess CSE is Abbott’s (2010) creative self-efficacy inventory. The current study is an attempt to investigate factor structure and psychometric properties of Abbott’s CSE Inventory (2010) in Persian sample. The other objectives were to examine the differences in CSE regarding age and gender.Methods: The participants of this study were students in the age range of 13-19 years and also were schooling in 7th-12th grades of West Azerbaijan high schools (N= 400). Abbott’s CSE Inventory (2010) and intellect/imagination subscale of five factors personality Mini-IPIP scale were used. CFA was executed using AMOS and the data was analysed by SPSS software.Results: Reliability coefficients of raters for creative thinking self-efficacy (CTSE) and creative performance self-efficacy (CPSE) were 0.96 and 0.97 respectively (p<0.01). In addition, internal consistency of the whole scale, CPSE, and CTSE based on Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95, 0.88, and 0.93 respectively. The results showed that two factors were identified by the EFA, with eigenvalues greater than 1. These two factors were retained with 59.529 % of the total variance. The CFA supported construct validity of the CSE Inventory and its multi-factor structure. Also, there was no difference between the genders in terms of CSE, while CSE and age were directly related.Conclusion: The current research revealed that the structure and psychometric properties of the CSE Inventory for the Iranian sample are adequate
Abstract
Introduction Some researchers suggest moral identity is an important source of moral motivation that facilitates commitment to moral behavior (Blasi, 2008; Bergman, 2008). By moral identity, we mean a commitment that emphasizes behavioral consideration and support of others’ welfare, and continues ...
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Introduction Some researchers suggest moral identity is an important source of moral motivation that facilitates commitment to moral behavior (Blasi, 2008; Bergman, 2008). By moral identity, we mean a commitment that emphasizes behavioral consideration and support of others’ welfare, and continues with an ongoing personal feeling about the self (Matsuba et al., 2011; Hardy, 2008; Atkins, Hart& Donnelly, 2004). The present conceptualization of moral identity has two different aspects: a) Internalization is the degree to which moral principles are central to one’s self- concept: b) Symbolization reflects the extent to which moral principles are expressed outwardly to others (Aquino & Reed, 2002). Several factors have been identified as influences on the development of moral identity, some of them are individual and some contextual. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family functioning components (cohesion, expressiveness, agreement, intellectual, recreation and religious orientations, organization, sociability, internal locus of control, family idealization, flexibility, laissez-faire decision-making, democratic and authoritarian styles, autonomy) with moral identity of adolescent and its dimensions, internalization and symbolization. cohesion, expressiveness, agreement, intellectual, recreation and religious orientations, organization, sociability, internal locus of control, family idealization, flexibility, laissez-faire decision-making, democratic and authoritarian styles, autonomy). Research questions According the above, the purpose of this research was to answer the following questions: 1) Dose family functioning predict moral identity of adolescents? 2) Dose family functioning predict symbolization of adolescents’ moral identity? 3) Dose family functioning predict internalization of adolescents’ moral identity? Method Current study was descriptive, a correlational study. The samples consisted of 533 high school students (260 boys and 273 grils) that were selected by multistage random sampling method. After coordinating the research with the department of education of Qom’s quadruplet areas, one school were randomly selected from each area. One classroom from each of the first, second and third grade was randomly selected from each school and the students were administered the questionnaires. Participants completed Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Scale (2002) that consists of 13 items and two subscales of symbolization and internalization. Family function scale (FFS) consists of 13 subscales that reflecting family function (cohesion, expressiveness, agreement, intellectual, recreation and religious orientations, organization, sociability, internal locus of control, family idealization, flexibility, laissez-faire decision-making, democratic and authoritarian styles, autonomy). The relationship between moral identity and family function was assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression analysis (stepwise method) was also used to assess whether family function was a significant predictor of moral identity total score and its dimensions, internalization and symbolization. Results Results of data analysis, by using stepwise regression, showed that expressiveness, democratic parenting style and intellectual orientation components had the highest predictive power on moral identity. Also democratic parenting style, expressiveness and religious orientation components, increased significantly the predictive power of symbolization of moral identity. Finally components of expression, flexibility and democratic parental style explained about 6% of the internalization variance. Discussion The results of this research indicate that democratic parenting characterized by three dimensions, responsiveness, autonomy-granting, and demandingness, seems to facilitate moral identity development (Hardy, et al., 2010). Responsiveness enables the accurate understanding and acceptance of parental moral values. When adolescents feel loved by and comfortable with their parents, they are more likely to listen to and agree with what they say and do. Autonomy-granting encourages identity exploration and commitment, including reflection on and commitment to moral principles. Demandingness helps youth understand moral principles and appreciate the consequences that follow from complying with or violating such principles (Dunn, 2014). Democratic parenting together with appropriate atmosphere for dialogue and expressing the needs and feelings in the family, and the existence of religious orientations and religious beliefs, provide the necessary grounds for moral development in adolescents. Also flexibility in responding to the need for independence of adolescents provides space for the discovery of values, internalization, and commitment to selective values, which is one of the dimensions of moral identity.
A. Jamshidbeik; M. Kalantari; F. Shakebai
Volume 21, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 175-186
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigation the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy with TADS method and its comparison with pharmacotherapy in the treatment of 14-17 year-old girl adolescents depression in Isfahan. Accordingly, in an empirical study with a control group and the evaluation ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigation the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy with TADS method and its comparison with pharmacotherapy in the treatment of 14-17 year-old girl adolescents depression in Isfahan. Accordingly, in an empirical study with a control group and the evaluation as a pre-test, post-test and follow-up of 27 girl adolescents with diagnosis of depression were selected and they were divided into three groups in random method: TADS, pharmacotherapy and control group. The subjects of TADS experimental group have received a TADS cognitive-behavioral therapy in a period of twelve sessions in partnership with parents. The subjects of pharmacotherapy groups have received depression treatment (fluoxetine) in the course of 2 months. While the control group have not received the intervention and were put in the waiting list and after two month all three groups were followed up. The subjects of three groups were evaluated with the use of the Structured Clinical Interview for Disorders of Axis I (SCID-I) and revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed with the use of one-way analysis of variance with statistical software SPSS20. Results indicated that TADS cognitive therapy program decrease depression more effective than pharmacotherapy significantly (P<0.01). On the basis of the results of the post hoc Tukey test, experimental action effect was stable. (P<0.01). Finally, it is suggested that the group cognitive therapy used in a TADS method as one of the effective intervention methods to reduce depression in adolescents.
F. Ghoreyshi Rad; H. Bafandeh Gharamaleki
Volume 18, Issue 2 , December 2011, , Pages 113-134
Abstract
Focusing on the importance of identity formation during adolescence,the objective of this study was to examine the effects of identity status in using coping strategies in stressful situations, in visually handicapped adolescents.The data was collected from 96 visually impaired and sighted adolescents ...
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Focusing on the importance of identity formation during adolescence,the objective of this study was to examine the effects of identity status in using coping strategies in stressful situations, in visually handicapped adolescents.The data was collected from 96 visually impaired and sighted adolescents students, male and female, between 15-19 years old, in Tabriz, Maragheh and Tehran. The method was causal-comparative, using the tests: The Dellas Identity Status Inventory-Occupation, and Coping Inventory of Endler & Parker, and were analyzed via Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and t-test.The results showed that there are significant differences between identity status and coping strategies, in the visually handicapped group and sighted adolescents, but the gender was not significant.
