Golbarg Zandi Goharrizi; Reza Ghorban Jahromi; somaye robatmili; Mahdi Zare Bahramabadi
Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with chronic pain. Pain is classified not only as a perception but also as a ...
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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with chronic pain. Pain is classified not only as a perception but also as a mood and therefore separate from the five senses. Pain is a difficult subject conceptually, and its description and classification have always been difficult so it can be said that the only clear aspect of pain is that it shows the patient's state of mental suffering. The results of some studies have also shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the difficulty of emotion regulation with pain intensity. In addition, disturbance in emotion regulation, which can be caused by the experiences of the first years of childhood, is also effective in predicting psychosomatic and psychological disorders and pain intensity. In general, according to what was mentioned, it seems that without considering psychological factors, it is not possible to improve or reduce the severity of pain, maintain quality of life, and adapt to chronic pain. Mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation. MethodThe research method is descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. The population of this study was patients with chronic pain referred to the pain clinic of Erfan Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020 where 300 people with chronic pain were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data from the Westhawn-Yale Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire (WHI-MPI; Kerns et al., 1985), Adult Attachment Styles Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005), Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF; Young, 1999). And the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS; Gertz and Roemer, 2004). Data usage and analysis have been performed using structural equation methods. ResultsThe sample of the present study included 300 patients with chronic pain. The average age of study participants (300 people) was reported to be approximately 40 years. The youngest was 20 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. Also, out of 300 people in the sample group, 83.7% (251 people) in the sample group are women and 16.3% (49 people) are men. The results showed that secure attachment style and anxiety through the mediating variables of hoarseness and inhibition, other orientation, and difficulty in emotion regulation, have a significant indirect effect on pain intensity in people with chronic pain. DiscussionThis means that early maladaptive schemas in the field of listening and restraint, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity. Therefore, by considering the schemas of the field of distraction and inhibition, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion can play an effective role in the severity of pain in people with chronic pain. Based on the results, it was found that attachment styles have an indirect effect on pain intensity in patients with chronic pain, with difficult mediation in emotional regulation. Therefore, the results of the study showed that safe attachment style and anxiety through a difficult mediating variable in emotion regulation, has a significant indirect effect on pain intensity.
mojtaba aghili; narges khatoon arbabi
Abstract
Introduction
Domestic violence is a serious issue that can occur in any intimate or family relationship. The most common type of domestic violence is spousal abuse or husband violence against women. Spousal abuse can take many forms such as physical, sexual, emotional, or financial violence, and it ...
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Introduction
Domestic violence is a serious issue that can occur in any intimate or family relationship. The most common type of domestic violence is spousal abuse or husband violence against women. Spousal abuse can take many forms such as physical, sexual, emotional, or financial violence, and it can occur at any time and in any place. Based on various studies on the effectiveness of mindfulness and acceptance and commitment-based therapies in reducing depressive symptoms and chronic pain, the question arises as to which of the two methods is more effective, and whether the combination of these two treatments could be more effective. However, it is not yet clear whether one therapy is more effective than the other, or whether a combination of both therapies is more effective in reducing depression and chronic pain in abused women.
Method
A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group was used in this study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women who were abused by their spouse and had a file in the Welfare Office. One group received acceptance and commitment-based therapy, another received mindfulness-based therapy, and the third group was the control group. All three groups completed pre-tests and post-tests using the Depression Inventory and the Chronic Pain Questionnaire, with the experimental groups receiving 8 sessions of 60 minutes each. The inclusion criteria included married women aged between 25 and 35 years, with a minimum diploma education, a score higher than the cut line (18) in the depression list, and victims of physical violence by their spouse at medical diagnosis. The exclusion criteria included reluctance to participate in the investigation and absence for more than two sessions. The research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and comparison of means using SPSS software version 24.
Results
The results showed that both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced depression and chronic pain in abused women (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two intervention methods in reducing depression and chronic pain.
Conclusion
The findings of the study suggest that acceptance-based therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective in reducing depression and chronic pain in women who have experienced spousal abuse. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapies in reducing depression and chronic pain. The study highlights the importance of providing access to effective therapies for women who have experienced spousal abuse.
R. Shahni; M.R. Shairi; M.A. Asghari Moghaddam; M. Naseri; M. Delavari
Volume 18, Issue 2 , December 2011, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
This Study was done to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment in reduction of negative emotions and pain severity in patients with chronic pain. After selecting 12 eligible people for the test, the subjects were divided randomly in two groups, cognitive-behavioral pain therapy group ...
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This Study was done to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment in reduction of negative emotions and pain severity in patients with chronic pain. After selecting 12 eligible people for the test, the subjects were divided randomly in two groups, cognitive-behavioral pain therapy group and the other control group (6 persons per each group). The cognitive-behavioral therapy group received the treatment for 8 sessions (a session per week, for 2 hours), and the control group was put in waiting list for treatment. The subjects in the two groups have completed the relevant questionnaires twice, once before the treatment and again at the end of treatment (approximately 2 months later). Then, the difference between pre-test and post-test of the two groups was compared. The results showed, in general, that in comparison to the control group, cognitive-behavioral therapy led to reduction of negative emotions in experimental group.
