Educational Psychology
Iman Farjaleh Chaabi:; Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; Naser Amini
Abstract
IntroductionHigher education in the health system is a fundamental element in the comprehensive development of the country and one of the most important social pillars that is responsible for training and providing efficient and committed human resources in the health sector. The most valuable result ...
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IntroductionHigher education in the health system is a fundamental element in the comprehensive development of the country and one of the most important social pillars that is responsible for training and providing efficient and committed human resources in the health sector. The most valuable result of all training is the ability to get a person to do something when it needs to be done. Whether he likes it or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy and schema therapy on reducing experiential avoidance in students with academic procrastination.MethodsThe research design was a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group. The statistical population included students of the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022 of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. The first sample of the research included 152 students who were selected from among seven faculties by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Then the selected people responded to Solomon and Rothblum’s Academic Procrastination Scale and those whose score was one score higher than the standard deviation were separated. Then 60 people were randomly selected from among them and placed in three groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups received behavioral activation and schema therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. In this research, Solomon and Rothblum’s Academic Procrastination Scale and Gámez et al. Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and SPSS-25 software.ResultsThe results showed that both behavioral activation therapy and schema therapy are effective in reducing the experiential avoidance of students with academic procrastination (F=29.71, p<0.0001); However, the effectiveness of schema therapy was higher than behavioral activation therapy (p<0.002).ConclusionAccording to the results obtained in this research, it is suggested that early identification of students with academic procrastination and their timely treatment should be done to eliminate their experiential avoidance. According to the results obtained from this research, behavioral activation and schema therapy are recommended as useful treatments to help reduce the clinical symptoms of students with academic procrastination. Therefore, the student counseling departments of medical sciences universities of the country can use this treatment to reduce the clinical symptoms of procrastinators, especially to reduce the experiential avoidance of students with academic procrastination and reduce the consequences of procrastination in them. Based on the results of this research, schema therapy and behavioral activation therapy can be used to reduce the experiential avoidance of students with academic procrastination.
afsaneh moradi; samireh karimi; elham hessami; Sara Yadollahi
Abstract
IntroductionThe coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Among the measures taken to contain and control this virus were home quarantine, social distancing, and school and university closures. Among them, nurses and staff in departments related to the coronavirus are considered ...
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IntroductionThe coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Among the measures taken to contain and control this virus were home quarantine, social distancing, and school and university closures. Among them, nurses and staff in departments related to the coronavirus are considered the most important elements of health care; because they bear the main burden of providing human health services. Therefore, health care workers and nurses may suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder due to high stress when facing critical situations, caring for injured people, frequently witnessing death and trauma, working in crowded environments, interrupting circadian rhythms due to work shifts, and the amount of responsibility in the hospital. The results of studies show that people with post-traumatic stress disorder allocate internal processes that go beyond the specific negative stimuli of trauma; therefore, they may experience difficulties in inhibiting reactions to potentially threatening stimuli. Studies have shown that experiential avoidance plays a central role in the persistence of PTSD symptoms. Another important factor that can be considered to describe and explain individual differences and psychological vulnerability to PTSD in healthcare workers is perceived vulnerability to infectious disease. Research findings show that increased perceived vulnerability is associated with increased fear and anxiety about COVID-19. Another coping mechanism for traumatic events is rumination. In relation to traumatic events, rumination causes the individual to focus on the negative consequences of the events, which in turn increases negative emotions and ultimately PTSD. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer whether the model of the relationship between experiential avoidance and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder mediated by rumination and perceived vulnerability to infectious disease is appropriate in the treatment staff of patients with COVID-19. MethodThe current research method is descriptive, and the research design is correlational. The statistical population of the present study included the medical staff caring for patients with COVID-19 working in Tehran hospitals in Khordad and Tir 1400. The sampling method was accessible. A total of 516 people completed the questionnaires, and after removing the distorted answers, the sample size included 458 people. Research tools included Mississippi PTSD Citizen Scale by kane et al., the Perceived Vulnerability to Infectious Diseases Questionnaire by Duncan et al., Rumination Questionnaire by Nolan-Hoeksma and the Acceptance and Act Questionnaire by Band et al. The criteria for entering the research included informed consent and employment in the care work in one of the designated hospitals for COVID-19, and the criteria for exiting included the distortion of the submitted answer sheet. The online method was used to implement the questionnaires, in such a way that the link to the online questionnaire was placed in the working groups of the nurses of certain hospitals for COVID-19, so that they could answer the questions of the questionnaires if they wanted to. For the sample people, before answering the questionnaires, the objectives, the importance of conducting the research, and the criteria for entering the research were explained, and they were reassured about ethical points such as confidentiality of personal information, etc. Data analysis was done using Structural Equation Analysis by Amos version 24 and SPSS version 22 software ResultsData analysis showed that experiential avoidance has an effect both directly (p<0.0001) and indirectly through mental rumination (p<0.0001) on the experience of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. In other words, rumination plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between experiential avoidance and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, but perceived vulnerability does not play such a role. ConclusionThe present findings showed that experiential avoidance directly affects the experience of PTSD symptoms. Also, the findings showed that the direct effect of rumination on the experience of PTSD symptoms is significant, which was consistent with previous research. In addition, in the present study, it was revealed that experiential avoidance can indirectly affect the experience of PTSD symptoms through rumination. Also, the present results showed that the direct effect of perceived vulnerability to infectious disease on the experience of PTSD symptoms is not significant, and consequently, experiential avoidance could not affect the experience of PTSD symptoms through perceived vulnerability to infectious disease. Among the limitations of the present study were the convenience sampling and the online administration of questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic in a few designated hospitals in Tehran; therefore, caution should be exercised in generalizing the findings of the present study to similar groups and other communities. Therefore, in order to increase the generalizability of the results, it is recommended in future research that this study be repeated on many healthcare professionals through random sampling and in person.
AmirMehdi Kadivarian; Bahram Peymannia; soodabeh Bassak Nejad
Abstract
Aim: People with Misophonia disorder are prone to suffering from other psychological problems, such as anxiety and mood disorders, due to avoidance of various situations. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess an Experiential Avoidance model with Misophonia disorder through the mediating role ...
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Aim: People with Misophonia disorder are prone to suffering from other psychological problems, such as anxiety and mood disorders, due to avoidance of various situations. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess an Experiential Avoidance model with Misophonia disorder through the mediating role of Cognitive Fusion and Emotion Dysregulation in university students.
Methods: The method of the present research is a descriptive-correlation study. The population included whole students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in the academic year 2022-2023. 251 university students were selected using a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected with a demographic questionnaire, "Misophonia Questionnaire", "Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire", "Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire" and "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale".
Results: Experiential Avoidance is indirectly correlated with the symptoms of Misophonia disorder through Emotion Dysregulation.
Conclusion: Emotion Dysregulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between Experiential Avoidance and symptoms of Misophonia disorder, unlike Cognitive Fusion. It is suggested that approaches based on emotion regulation, such as transdiagnostic, be used in the development of preventive interventions and treatment for people with symptoms of Misophonia disorder
Iman Farjaleh Chaabi; Mahnaz Mehrabizade Honarmand; Naser Amini
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy in experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity of students with academic procrastination at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy in experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity of students with academic procrastination at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included students with academic procrastination studying at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2021-2022. The first sample of the research consisted of 500 students who were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. These people answered the academic procrastination questionnaire of Solomon and Roth Bloom (1984), and 152 of them who got at least one score higher than the standard deviation score were separated from Among them, 42 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected and placed in two groups of 21 people (experimental and control group). The experimental group received schema therapy; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. Other tools of this research include. Reiss et al. (1986) Anxiety Sensitivity questionnaire, and Gamez et al.’s (1988) Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance questionnaire. the research hypotheses were tested through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) through SPSS software (version 25).Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in the post-test phase in terms of experiential avoidance (p <0.0001, F = 42.81) and anxiety sensitivity (p <0.037, F = 4.67). This difference was also observed in the follow-up phase.Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings of this study, schema therapy can be used to reduce experiential avoidance and the anxiety sensitivity of students with academic procrastination.
Leila Shameli; Zahra Bahramara; Mehrnaz Mohammadi; Habib Hadianfard
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health through the mediating role of experiential avoidance in girl students. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all-girl ...
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The present study aimed to determine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health through the mediating role of experiential avoidance in girl students. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all-girl undergraduate students of Razi University of Kermanshah in the academic year 2019-2020, from which 366 students were selected as a sample group by multi-stage cluster sampling and were surveyed by Child Abuse Self-Report Scale (SASRS), Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis using version 26 of SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicate a significant mediating role of experiential avoidance for the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression (β: 0.22), anxiety (β: 0.12), and stress (0.17). According to the results of the present study, childhood maltreatment is the basis for using an experiential avoidance strategy, which leads to an increase in depression, anxiety, and stress in victims of childhood maltreatment.
