Exceptional Children Psychology
Dehghani Mohamad Hossein; Salar Faramarzi; Khosro Ramezani
Abstract
Specific learning disorders are one of the most common learning problems of students in elementary school, which psychologically have an adverse effect on these children. Specific learning disorders are a type of chronic problem with a neurological and developmental basis that generally starts in the ...
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Specific learning disorders are one of the most common learning problems of students in elementary school, which psychologically have an adverse effect on these children. Specific learning disorders are a type of chronic problem with a neurological and developmental basis that generally starts in the early stages of development, i.e. before school age, and continues until adulthood if not properly addressed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of a parenting training package for children with specific learning disorders based on the lived experience of parents and to compare its effect with Barclay's parenting training on the psychological well-being of parents, psychological resilience, social adjustment, and academic performance of students.MethodThe research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included two groups, in the qualitative part including all parents of children with special learning disorders and in the quantitative part including all mothers of students with special learning disorders in Abadeh city. For the qualitative part of the research, the interviews were continued until the theoretical saturation of information, and the interviews with 10 parents were at saturation level. Purposive sampling method was used to select people for interview. In the implementation of the research, sampling was done as available. Based on this, 45 mothers with special learning disorder students were selected, and 15 were randomly assigned to the experimental group (parenting training package), 15 to the experimental group (Barclay's parenting training), and 15 to the control group. The parenting training package created by the researcher was implemented for the parents of the first experimental group (in8 sessions of 90 minutes) and Barclay's parenting training (in 8 sessions of 90 minutes). The measurement tools included Riff's psychological well-being questionnaire (2002), Connor-Davidson psychological resilience questionnaire (2003), Bell's social adjustment questionnaire (1961), Pham and Taylor's academic performance questionnaire (1999). To inferential analysis of the data, the statistical methods of multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used. ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant difference between the impact of the two parenting training methods developed by the researcher and Barclay's parenting training on social adjustment and academic performance among mothers with children with specific learning disorders, while there was a significant difference between the impact of the two mentioned methods on mental well-being and there was no significant difference in mental resilience.DiscussionParenting training package and Barkley parenting training had a significant effect on improving psychological well-being, psychological resilience, social adjustment, and academic performance among mothers with children with specific learning disabilities. The discussion about comparing the effectiveness of parenting training package and Barclay parenting training on mental resilience, social adaptation, and academic performance among mothers with children with special learning disorders showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two parenting training package methods. Barclay's parenting training influenced social adaptation and academic performance among mothers with children with specific learning disabilities, while there is no significant difference between the two mentioned methods on psychological resilience. Based on the results of the follow-up test, the parenting training package developed by the researcher had a greater impact on improving social adaptation and academic performance.
Addiction
Nasser Bay; Zahra Gholami Far
Abstract
Using a mobile phone is considered a necessity for today's modern life, and this smart tool has a special place in the technological revolution created. Beyond their main function, smart phones provide entertainment opportunities such as online games, surfing the web and browsing social media, and have ...
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Using a mobile phone is considered a necessity for today's modern life, and this smart tool has a special place in the technological revolution created. Beyond their main function, smart phones provide entertainment opportunities such as online games, surfing the web and browsing social media, and have made life easier by having a variety of applications. Despite the many advantages of smartphones, attention to their threats has become a new and attractive field of research for researchers. Addiction to smartphones is considered one of the potential threats in the use of this electronic device. Addiction to smartphones is a growing phenomenon, especially among young people, due to factors such as the increase in the number of social networks, the increase in the capabilities of smartphones and the development of the skills of users to use this modern tool, as well as the Corona epidemic. With the increase in the disorders caused by the addiction to the use of smartphones, efforts have been made to do interventions to reduce the amount of use of this smart tool. Many researches mention physical activity as an effective factor for reducing mental and behavioral disorders such as smartphone addiction. Physical activity also has similar capabilities as using smartphones. Recreational, social, entertainment and educational functions of physical activity can satisfy people's psychological needs in different ways, which can replace physical activity with the use of mobile phones and thus reduce the frequency of using smartphones. Also, the recreational, competitive and open features of physical activities provide a suitable environment for the development of psychological resilience of people such as students, and students who have more psychological resilience achieve more academic success. Parallel to the increase in the access of different age groups to mobile phones in Iran, its use has also increased greatly. Despite the increase in the number of mobile phone users, not much scientific research has been done on its negative consequences such as addiction in the country. Encouraging students to do physical activity can be used as an important strategy in this regard, but little research has been done in this regard, which highlights the necessity of doing this research. According to the mentioned cases, the main aim of the research was to study the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between physical activity and students' phone addiction. Accordingly, the main objective of this research is to study the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between physical activity and students' phone addiction.MethodThis applied research used a descriptive correlational method. The statistical population consisted of all female high school students in Ramian City in the academic year 2023 (291 students). The census method was used to select the research sample, and finally, 259 questionnaires were collected. Data collection tools included three questionnaires: Physical Activity (Hagger et al), Psychological Resilience (Van Der Meer et al), and Mobile Phone Addiction (Kown et al). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data, with SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS version 3 software.ResultsThe results showed a positive and significant relationship between physical activity and psychological resilience among female students. Additionally, the results indicated a negative and significant relationship between physical activity and mobile phone addiction among students. Finally, the findings showed that the relationship between physical activity and mobile phone addiction among female students is significantly mediated by psychological resilience.DiscussionIncreasing the motivation of female students to engage in regular physical activity can lead to outcomes such as increased psychological resilience and reduced mobile phone use. Based on the results, it is recommended to encourage female students to engage in regular physical activity in schools and to consider attractive sports programs for these students in extracurricular activities.