Marziyeh Firouzeh; ساره Ehsani; Majid Barzegar; Morteza Moradi Doliskani
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors into three categories: 1- severe self-injurious behaviors that are observed in mental patients and because of which a person causes serious damage to his own body tissue, such as cutting off a limb from the body. 2- stereotyped (involuntary) self-harming behaviors that are observed in mentally retarded, autism or Tourette syndrome. In such a situation, the person involuntarily and repeatedly hits himself (such as banging his head against the wall). 3- Self-harm behaviors are the most common type and are done under the influence of fashion or other factors: such as scratching and cutting the skin, picking wounds., nail biting, cosmetic surgery, and skin carving. One of the most common problems among teenagers today is self-injurious behavior, which is found to a large extent in all cultures. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the coefficient of difficulty, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-harm. MethodThe research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all female students of the second secondary level of Bushehr 2019-2020 academic year who had a history of self-injury. And the sample size includes 40 people, 20 people were randomly placed and selected in the experimental group and 20 people in the control group. The experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy intervention, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were self-injurious behavior questionnaire (Sanson et al., 1998), response to difficulty profile (Stoltz, 1997), Miller Hope Scale (1986) and emotional processing questionnaire (Baker et al., 2010). ResultsThe results showed that the intervention has increased the difficulty coefficient, life expectancy and reduced maladaptive emotional processing in adolescents (p<0.05). Also, the research findings indicated that dialectical behavior therapy is an effective method in emotional processing (p<0.001). It shows the results of univariate analysis of covariance to investigate the effect of the independent variable on each of the dependent variables. The F value obtained for all dependent variables is significant at the P<0.05 level; Therefore, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy influences emotional processing variables, difficulty coefficient and life expectancy.DiscussionAccording to the results of the research, this intervention can be used to improve the difficulty factor, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-injury, along with other therapeutic interventions. Also, the focus of dialectical behavior therapy on mindfulness, which is done to observe and describe events non-judgmentally, and awareness and alertness focused on the present moment, leads to the natural development of distress tolerance, and the person learns to deal with emotions without evaluating and trying to change or control them and without arousal. or experience distress and thereby learned the skill of coping with adverse events, which leads to an increase in the level of difficulty in facing adverse and stimulating life events.
Family Psychology
Atefeh Zaker Esfahani; Mokhtar Arefi; Keivan Kakabaraee; Azita Chehri
Abstract
Emotional divorce is a kind of separation, couples live together under the same roof but do not have love and tolerate each other. This research was conducted with the aim of modeling emotional divorce based on metacognitive beliefs in divorce applicants with the mediation of emotional processing and ...
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Emotional divorce is a kind of separation, couples live together under the same roof but do not have love and tolerate each other. This research was conducted with the aim of modeling emotional divorce based on metacognitive beliefs in divorce applicants with the mediation of emotional processing and ineffective communication beliefs. The research method of this study is descriptive-correlation type; The statistical population of the research included all women and men applying for divorce who referred to clinics and family counseling centers in Isfahan city in 2021. In order to determine the sample size, based on Klein's (2010) point of view, in structural models, the sample size is at least 200 people and 226 men and women who referred were selected using available sampling method, and responded to the metacognitive beliefs questionnaires of Wells (1997) Gutman's emotional divorce (2008) Bakker et al.'s emotional processing (2010) Idelson and Epstein's dysfunctional communication beliefs(1981), and path analysis was used in the analyzed structural equations. The results showed that direct paths of metacognitive beliefs and relational beliefs to emotional divorce are 0.22 and 0.21, respectively, which is significant at the 0.01 level (P<0.01), while the direct path of processing Emotion is not significant to emotional divorce (P>0.05). Also, the direct paths of metacognitive beliefs to emotional processing and communication beliefs are equal to 0.61 and 0.53, respectively, and are significant at the 0.01 level (P<0.01). The total coefficient of the path of metacognitive beliefs to emotional divorce is equal to 0.34, of which 0.10 is the contribution of the indirect coefficient and is significant at the 0.05 level (P<0.05). The results of direct paths showed that metacognitive beliefs and relational beliefs are significant to emotional divorce (P<0.01), while the direct path of emotional processing to emotional divorce is not significant (P>0.05). Also, the indirect paths showed that marital communication beliefs and emotional processing could play a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and emotional divorce. The fit indices of the assumed model are at the optimal and good level, which indicates the good fit of the model. The normalized chi-square value (CMIN/DF) is equal to 3.44 and since it is less than 5, it indicates the desirability of the proposed model. In this way, the proposed model fits with the desired model and ineffective communication and emotional processing beliefs have been able to play a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and emotional divorce. It can be concluded that metacognitive beliefs can predict the emotional divorce of divorce applicants through marital communication beliefs and emotional processing.
