Social Pathology
Elham Tavasli; Tayebeh Sharifi; Reza Ahmadi
Abstract
Background: Today, psychologists have come to the conclusion that treatment without considering spirituality will not be effective. But it should be noted that for people who have understood religion and its position, acquiring spirituality is achieved more reliably through religion. Divine religions, ...
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Background: Today, psychologists have come to the conclusion that treatment without considering spirituality will not be effective. But it should be noted that for people who have understood religion and its position, acquiring spirituality is achieved more reliably through religion. Divine religions, especially Islam, provide practical recommendations for human connection with the infinite being in every way. Man's relationship with God is at the peak of spirituality and in this way, spiritual experiences and indescribable pleasures are obtained. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and Islamic quality of life training on perceived social support and psychological well-being of primary caregivers of chronic mental patients in Borujen city. Material & Method: This research was an applied research and in terms of method, it was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan and a control group. The statistical population included all the main caregivers of chronic mental patients in Borujen city, under the supervision of welfare and rehabilitation centers of Borujen city, whose number is 550 people. In this research, 60 primary caregivers of chronic mental patients were selected using available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (self-determination skills training and Islamic quality of life training) and a control group. In order to carry out the research in the first stage, the necessary coordination was made with the General Welfare Department of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The necessary permission to implement the program, i.e. the self-determination skills training program and the Islamic quality training program and the implementation of two questionnaires including perceived social support and psychological well-being, was received; Then, in the pre-test phase, questionnaires of perceived social support and psychological well-being were administered to all three groups, then in a three-month intervention for 19 90-minute sessions of an experimental group, a training package of self-determination skills (Field & Hoffman, 2012) and training Islamic quality of life (Seifi et al., 2015), and after the interventions, the participants of all three groups answered questionnaires of perceived social support and psychological well-being (post-test). Finally, after two months, the aforementioned questionnaires were collected from the research participants. mResearch tools included multidimensional scale of perceived social support and Psychological Well-Being Scales. Data analysis was done with the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-22 software. Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and Islamic quality of life group training on increasing perceived social support was significant (P<0.05) and the effect size was 0.66, respectively, and the effectiveness of Islamic quality of life group training was more than training was self-determination skills. Also, the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and Islamic quality training on increasing psychological well-being was significant (P<0.05) and the effect size was 0.12, respectively, and the effectiveness of Islamic life quality training was more than self-determination skills training. Conclusion: The group method of teaching self-determination skills and the quality of Islamic life have a significant effect on the level of perceived social support and psychological well-being. Teaching self-determination skills and Islamic quality of life increased perceived social support and psychological well-being of caregivers of chronic neurological and mental patients. Also, the effectiveness of Islamic quality of life training on perceived social support and psychological well-being has been higher than the effectiveness of self-determination skills training.
Social Pathology
Arezou Asghari; Haniyeh Mian Abadi
Abstract
IntroductionChild abuse as one of the psycho-social problems is any physical, sexual, emotional and mental harm or exploitation and not taking care of the basic needs of people under the age of 18, which disrupts their performance in all aspects of life, and leads to harm such as Death, physical, sexual ...
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IntroductionChild abuse as one of the psycho-social problems is any physical, sexual, emotional and mental harm or exploitation and not taking care of the basic needs of people under the age of 18, which disrupts their performance in all aspects of life, and leads to harm such as Death, physical, sexual injuries or emotional-psychological sufferings happen to him. The aim of this research was to compare emotional suppression, prosocial behavior and perceived competence in adolescents with and without experiencing childhood abuse.MethodsThis research was a descriptive study of causal-comparative studies. The studied population were all female students of the first and second grade of Gorgan city in the academic year 2022-2023. From the research community, 100 students (50 students with childhood abuse experience and 50 students without childhood abuse experience) were selected as a sample in a multi-stage cluster.Research toolsEmotional Suppression Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 84 items and 10 subscales, and is used to measure three different constructs including distress, self-control, and defensiveness. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.79. Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 30 items and consists of seven subscales, which basically measure the two factors of empathy directed towards others and helping. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.93. Competency Perception Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 4 subscales and 27 questions in Likert format, which subscales are: behavioral competence, academic competence, social competence and physical competence. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.86. Child abuse self-report questionnaire: This questionnaire was prepared in 2000 and has 38 items that measure and evaluate a range of child abuse behavior. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.91.ResultsThe findings showed that the components of emotional suppression, prosocial behavior and perception of competence in adolescents with and without the experience of harassment have significant differences (p<0.05).ConclusionBased on this, it can be concluded that teenagers who have experienced harassment because they think the outside world is unsafe and have a negative view of themselves, others and the environment. In the components of emotional suppression, they obtained higher scores and in social behaviors and perception of competence, they obtained lower scores.
Social Pathology
Ali Pakizeh; sadegh hekmatiyan fard; Sara KheirAndish
Abstract
Prediction of suicidal thoughts based on the indicators of personality transcendence and emotional regulation in college studentsIntroductionSuicide as a psychological-social trauma threatens different strata of the society specifically vulnerable groups such as young adolescent and the young. Besides, ...
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Prediction of suicidal thoughts based on the indicators of personality transcendence and emotional regulation in college studentsIntroductionSuicide as a psychological-social trauma threatens different strata of the society specifically vulnerable groups such as young adolescent and the young. Besides, university students as the young group of the society are not safe from this trauma due to the environmental factors including educational problems and failure, unemployment and financial problems, failure in emotional relationships, the inappropriate physical spaces of dormitories, and the vague occupational future. In addition to the environmental factors, some personal factors including psychological characteristics could have a harmful or protective role in relation to the social traumas such as suicide. The present study examined the predictable role of personality transcendence and its dimensions besides the expertness of emotion regulation in suicidal thoughts of university students.MethodPersian Gulf University. The participants were all the students of Persian Gulf University in the years 1399-1400. The subjects included 200 students (119 male, 81 female) which were selected based on multistage cluster sampling. The applied measurement in this study included Pakizeh Personality Transcendence questionnaire and Gross Emotion Regulation Difficulty questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsThe results of the statistical analysis indicated that personality transcendence is the reverse predictor of suicidal thoughts and the emotion regulation problems are the direct predictor of suicidal thoughts in university students. In addition, the results of the investigation suggested that the dimensions.DiscussionConsidering the preventive role of personality transcendence dimensions and the facilitating role of emotion regulation problems in students' tendency to commit suicide, the implementation of educational programs in order to improve students' character excellence and training skills in order to apply adaptive strategies of emotion regulation and solve regulation problems emotional, can play an effective role in reducing mental and physical injuries and the unfortunate consequences of suicide in the university environment
Social Pathology
zohre sharei; Hashem Abolhoseini
Abstract
Introduction: The well-being of employees requires understanding the existential challenges of life. The employee welfare approach examines observed growth and development in the face of existential challenges and strongly emphasizes human development. Therefore, this research investigated the mediating ...
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Introduction: The well-being of employees requires understanding the existential challenges of life. The employee welfare approach examines observed growth and development in the face of existential challenges and strongly emphasizes human development. Therefore, this research investigated the mediating role of knowledge hiding in the relationship between ethical leadership and employee well-being, moderating the effect of individual characteristics that include self-enhancement motives and job involvement.Method: Concerning its aim, this study employed and relied upon the descriptive-survey research methodology. Assumptions have been gathered using information gathered from 100 Shiraz municipality employees, the census procedure, and the distribution of a typical questionnaire. The four questions and one component of Hills & Argyle's (2002) index were used to gauge the degree of employee well-being. Nonetheless, employee well-being, which is a component of this index that evaluates happiness, is employed in this study. Knowledge concealing was measured using the Connelly et al. (2012) index, which consists of three components and twelve items. The Brown et al. (2005) index, which consists of ten items and one component, was used to gauge ethical leadership Nevertheless, this index. The Brown et al. (2005) index, which consists of ten items and one component, was used to gauge ethical leadership. The Yun et al. (2007) index was utilized to gauge the motivations behind self-enhancement. It consists of six items and one component. The four-item Lodahl and Kejnar (1965) index was developed to gauge employee job engagement. Through factor analysis, the construct and questionnaire's validity and reliability have been investigated and validated. For data analysis, SEM, SPS, and Smart PLS were also employed.Results: Based on the descriptive data, it can be said that the research variables are at an optimal level because the mean and standard deviation of the variables were greater than the average number of 3, which corresponds to a 5-point Likert scale. Conversely, given that knowledge concealment is a concept with a negative charge and its value is smaller than 3, it can be said to be at a favorable level. The distribution of the research variables is normal since the skewness and kurtosis of the variables fall within the specified range of 2 and -2. The results showed that each research consept had the necessary reliability and validity, and the model provided a good fit for the data. The obtained results demonstrate that, in the absence of a mediator, there is a significant full effect of ethical leadership variables on employee well-being, a significant indirect effect of ethical leadership on employee well-being with the presence of a mediator, and a significant direct effect of ethical leadership on employee well-being with the presence of a mediator. A portion of the impact of ethical leadership on employee well-being is mediated by knowledge concealing. In the sense that the knowledge hiding variable transmits some of the influence of the predictor variable (ethical leadership) on the criterion variable (employee well-being). Furthermore, the data obtained demonstrated that knowledge concealment is not significantly affected by the relationship between job involvement and self-enhancement with ethical leadership.Discussion: Organizations should prioritize efforts to eliminate knowledge-hiding behaviors through proper human resource practices to foster a culture of knowledge sharing, as knowledge concealing can hurt the psychological well-being of the knowledge concealer. The results show that since dishonest behavior is a form of lying or misrepresenting the truth, improving ethical leadership through an improvement in the honesty of Shiraz municipality managers should be taken into consideration to improve the knowledge hiding of Shiraz municipality through ethical leadership. A climate of mistrust is fostered by the leadership's dishonesty, which can eventually cause suspicion of the leadership itself. Since the dishonest leader will lose the trust of the Shiraz Municipality's workforce, honest behavior is crucial for ethical leaders in the municipality.
Social Pathology
abdulzahra naami; mahboobeh askari
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionEvery person has something "original and unique" that makes them different from others. We can find our own personality in dealing with our experiences in working life. There is a brilliant work mission that makes us happy in the time when we are with our work goals on the way. many ...
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AbstractIntroductionEvery person has something "original and unique" that makes them different from others. We can find our own personality in dealing with our experiences in working life. There is a brilliant work mission that makes us happy in the time when we are with our work goals on the way. many studies have shown that people who experience their work as a mission and a calling are more likely to feel a deeper alignment between their work and their personality. Our aim is to show that when our work is guided by our personality, interests, and values, it is not surprising that we are most satisfied with our work. In this article, we look at nurses, their strengths encouraging participation, and simple changes that can help revitalize the work experience. Given the complexity of this work and the nurse's dedication to serving the public according to the high standards of their work, as long as they participate in this process and learn from their job. They are content to support their patients in health, and the health will have the desired quality in terms of its design and management, the strength and energy of its staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate the model fit of the effect of job calling on job proactive behavior and thriving at work mediated by job crafting and promotion focus.MethodsThe statistical population of the study consisted of 200 nurses from Ahvaz Hospital. Research tools include CS (Calling Scale, Dobrow and Tosti, 2011), JCQ (Job Crafting Questionnaire, Laurence, 2010 ), RFS (Regulatory Focus Scale, Lockwood et al., 2002), PPS (Proactive Behavior Scale, Seibert et al., 1999), TAW (Thriving at Work Scale, Spreitzer et al, 2012). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and version 24 statistical methods AMOS showed that the proposed model fits well.ResultsThe results showed that the direct paths of jobcalling to the mediating variables, ie jobcrafting and promotion focus, were significant. In addition, the paths of job calling to the consequences, ie job proactive behavior and thriving at work became meaningful. The indirect path of job calling to job proactive behavior was significant through the promotion focus, but the indirect path of job calling to thriving at work through job crafting was not significant.ConclusionAs health care systems are one of the most effective providers in the community, the depth and stability of the work life of the nursing staff is an important factor to ensure the stability of the health system. The desired level of quality of work life enables nurses to provide high-quality services to patients. Therefore, the job calling of a nurse is an ointment on which the inner feeling of the nurse plays. It is very beneficial to have a job calling in nursing that leads to proactive job behaviors and thriving at work in these safe havens. in this study, an attempt was made to clearly introduce the approach to the employment of nurses whose job calling is appropriate for the goals of the hospital. Employees can flourish by finding meanings and followers of vitality and dynamism and proactive job behaviors and as a result appropriate productivity in their work.
Social Pathology
keyhan fathi; fatemeh farzadi
Abstract
IntroductionThe increase in the use of the Internet has introduced many behavioral patterns such as Internet gossip, ignoring others while using the phone, and media multitasking during homework into the daily life of teenagers. These common habits, if continued, can create cybernetic risks. In the meantime, ...
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IntroductionThe increase in the use of the Internet has introduced many behavioral patterns such as Internet gossip, ignoring others while using the phone, and media multitasking during homework into the daily life of teenagers. These common habits, if continued, can create cybernetic risks. In the meantime, social-emotional competencies can act as a protective factor against cybernetic risks. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between electronic social-emotional competencies and digital habitual behavior with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation and gender moderation.MethodThe method of descriptive correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the current research was male and female students from the first to third year of Ahvaz high schools in the academic year 1401-1402. Subjects responded to electronic social-emotional competence tools, normal digital behavior and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using a structural equation method. Also, in order to test the moderation of gender in the causal relationship between multiple variables, multiple group analyzes have been used.ResultsThe highest correlation in the girls' group was between electronic social-emotional competence and media multitasking from the dimensions of normal digital behavior (r=0.69) and in the boys' group, between electronic social-emotional competence and ignoring (r=0.75). . Thus, from a relational angle, we identify that there is a relationship between typical digital behaviors and e-competencies, specifically with e-impulsivity self-regulation, e-emotional regulation, and e-emotional autonomy. Also, most of these relationships are negative and significant at the P < 0.01 level in the two groups of boys and girls. Correlation of typical digital behavior with social e-emotional awareness in two groups of boys and girls is very low, but this did not happen with e-impulsive self-control, e-emotional regulation, and e-emotional independence. Also, the results of structural equation model analysis show that there is a significant relationship between electronic social-emotional competence with cognitive regulation of emotion and electronic social-emotional competence with normal digital behavior and cognitive regulation of emotion with habitual digital behavior. Also, the indirect relationship of social-emotional competence of digital habitual behavior with the mediation of cognitive regulation of emotion was also confirmed. On the other hand, in order to test the gender-invariance of the causal relationship between the research variables, the multi-group analysis method was used. The results showed that the gender moderation hypothesis is acceptable.DiscussionThe purpose of the present study was to explain a model to reduce cyber risks in the online space through the causal relationship of electronic social-emotional competencies with digital habitual behavior with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation and gender moderation. In this study, we sought to investigate whether social-emotional e-competencies can play a protective role against typical digital behaviors that, in turn, can exacerbate other major risks if continued. Therefore, as an effect of such feelings, new online behaviors can be reduced. Social-emotional competences lead to a person being aware of emotions and expressing emotions, especially positive emotions in virtual situations, to reduce their negative emotions, which consequently reduces the pathological practice of habitual digital behavior (including negative and destructive comments about others in virtual space to attract attention and increase likes and comments). In fact, the structural equation model of the present study showed that social-emotional electronic competencies explain habitual digital behaviors to a significant extent. Also, in the discussion of gender moderation, the results showed that there is a difference between the competency model in the groups of girls and boys, and the relationships in Girls' models are more than boys' models.
Social Pathology
Fatemeh Alidoosti; Maryam Salari; Vahideh Moafian; mahdieh bakhtiari
Abstract
IntroductionInternet addiction refers to a feeling of compulsion and inability to control using the Internet. Due to its prevalence among university students, and considering the fact that it may be influenced by variables such as parents and behavioral-emotional problems, the present study was conducted ...
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IntroductionInternet addiction refers to a feeling of compulsion and inability to control using the Internet. Due to its prevalence among university students, and considering the fact that it may be influenced by variables such as parents and behavioral-emotional problems, the present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of behavioral-emotional problems in the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet addiction.MethodThe research method was a descriptive correlational type, and its statistical population consisted of all university students studying at Khayyam University in the academic year 1401-1402, of whom, according to Guilford's opinion about the sufficiency of 200 people for the sample, a sample of 244 people (180 girls and 64 boys) were selected by the convenience sampling method. In order to collect the research data, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Young (1999), the Dependency-oriented and Achievement-oriented Psychological Control Scale (DAPCS) by Soenens et al (2010), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) by Goodman (2001) were used, and the data were analyzed utilizing SPSS and LISREL software. Statistical analysis was done based on descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation test, and the path analysis method.ResultsThe findings revealed that based on Pearson's correlation coefficients in line with examining the relationships between variables, parental psychological control has a positive and significant relationship with Internet addiction and behavioral-emotional problems, and also, behavioral-emotional problems have a positive and significant relationship with Internet addiction. Furthermore, in pursuance of answering the research question, the results of the modified model, considering parental psychological control as an exogenous variable and Internet addiction in university students as an endogenous variable, showed that among the types of behavioral-emotional problems that were placed as the mediating variables in the path analysis model, only emotional problems could play a significant mediating role for the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet addiction in university students.DiscussionThe present study's findings indicate a high correlation and by the same token, the importance of parental psychological control and behavioral-emotional problems in predicting Internet addiction in university students. Therefore, according to the obtained results, on one hand, parental psychological control directly causes Internet addiction in university students, and on the other hand, it can indirectly lead to the emergence or exacerbation of Internet addiction through the creation of emotional problems in university students. Based on this, on one side, Parents' use of appropriate and desirable communication methods, and on the other side, paying attention to the recognition and reduction of emotional problems to decrease Internet addiction in university students can be noteworthy.
Social Pathology
Fateme akhlaghi; Hossein Tahrian
Abstract
IntroductionAppreciation is a structure that has attracted the attention of many psychologists and they consider it a cognitive and emotional state that affects the depth of people's relationships. The depth of people's relationship with each other is an important predictor in connection with the stability ...
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IntroductionAppreciation is a structure that has attracted the attention of many psychologists and they consider it a cognitive and emotional state that affects the depth of people's relationships. The depth of people's relationship with each other is an important predictor in connection with the stability of people's social relationship. And requested and unrequested gift giving is a question that has occupied the minds of researchers. In fact, a better understanding of the relationship is created when there is a match between the image of the giver and the appreciation of the gift. The matching of the image of the giver and the recipient has a strong effect on appreciation, which is greatly influenced by environmental factors. Also, people's perception regarding their relationship history and future expectations is effective on their sense of appreciation. Gift-giving failures are surprisingly common, with an estimated 40-50% returning at least one store-bought gift each year. Gift givers expect the recipient to accept the purchased gift. Between the person who buys the gift and the person who ultimately wants to use the gift, there are differences in the perception of the value and philosophy of that gift. The present study aimed to determine the role of explicitness in gift giving on the level of appreciation of individuals, taking into account the depth of their relationship in the two roles of partner and close friend. MethodThe research method was descriptive and correlational. It was used to investigate the level of appreciation of people when they receive and giver a birthday gift, wanted and unsolicited gift, from their partner and close friend, and to measure the mediating role of the depth of the relationship. therefore 629 individuals aged 21 to 50 volunteered, and the level of appreciation of each individual was measured in four scenarios designed in two explicit and implicit situations, with each person initially designated as a gift giver and then as a gift receiver. People were first in the role of gift giver and then in the role of gift receiver. Also, in this study through the relationship quality questionnaire of Pierce & Sarason )1991(, the relationship depth score of the people was obtained. A statistical analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed using the SPSS-16 software.ResultsThe results of the statistical technique of analysis indicated that the main effect of the role factor on the level of appreciation was statistically significant ([F(1, 2512) = 364.583, P < 0.05, η² = 0.127]). Additionally, the main effect of the type of relationship on the level of appreciation was also statistically significant ([F(1, 2512) = 11.956, P < 0.05, η² = 0.005]). Moreover, the interaction between role and type of relationship was significant as well ([F (1, 2512) = 49.19, P < 0.05, η² = 0.019]). The results of the mean comparisons (Table 8) show that the level of appreciation is higher for the gift-giver than for the gift-receiver. Furthermore, the comparison based on the relationship type indicates that among gift-givers, the level of appreciation is higher for a close friend than for a romantic partner, while among gift-receivers, this level is higher for a romantic partner. Additionally, the comparison based on the depth of the relationship shows that within the groups of close friends and romantic partners, the level of appreciation is higher in deeper relationships compared to those with lower relationship depth.DiscussionThe findings showed that explicitness in gift giving is correlated with the level of appreciation of the partner and close friends. therefore, People who have deeper relationships express more explicitness in giving and receiving gifts. in this scenario the explicitness in gift giving has a stronger role in relation to the partner. People who have a deeper relationship with their partner are more likely to ask for the requested gift. In fact, the depth of the relationship has a direct relationship with appreciation. These results showed that buying an expensive gift does not make people happy, but a gift that people themselves want or need makes them grateful.
Social Pathology
Niloofar Zahedi Bialvayi; Abbas Abolghasemi; Mousa Kafi
Abstract
IntroductionElder abuse is a very common phenomenon that currently exists in societies, and despite its many physical and psychological effects, less attention has been paid to it. The research literature indicates that some characteristics and behavioral patterns in the elderly, increase the risk of ...
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IntroductionElder abuse is a very common phenomenon that currently exists in societies, and despite its many physical and psychological effects, less attention has been paid to it. The research literature indicates that some characteristics and behavioral patterns in the elderly, increase the risk of them being placed in abusive situations and it provides the ground for mistreatment of the elderly. It is also possible that these characteristics are the result of frequent mistreatment of them. Although the studies show differences in the characteristics of the elderly with and without the experience of abuse, there are challenges between the studies. Also, it seems necessary to study the dimensions of personality, which have received less attention in researches. Therefore, according to the existing gap, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the dimensions of temperament and character in the elderly with and without the experience of abuse.MethodThe method of the present research was casual-comprative. The statiscal population of the study consisted of the elderly who referred to the retirement centers of Rasht, Iran in 2022-2023. The participant of this study were 164 elderly people (72 elders with experience of abuse and 92 elders without experience of abuse) who were selected by the available sampling method (based on the cut-off score of 4 in Hwlek-Sengstock’s elder abuse screening test and the elder abuse clinical interview). Data were collected using short version of the Temparement and Character Inventory (TCI-56). The inclution criteria included elders aged between 65 and 74 years, having at least a middle school education, with informed and voluntary consent. The exclusion criteria included non-cooperation and regretion, chronic physical or mental illness such as dementia, speech disorder and hearing impairment. The data collection process was carried out by the researcher and under her supervision and lasted for almost 4 months. The data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) in SPSS-24 software. ResultsThe resaults indicated that there is a significant difference between dimentions of Temparement such as Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking and Persistence (except for dimention of Reward Dependence) and Character such as Self-directedness, Co-operativeness and Self-transcendence in the elderly of the two groups (P<0/001). So that the elderly with the experience of abuse had different dimentions of Temparement (lower level of Persistence component and higher level of Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance) and lower level of all dimensions of Character. The level of dimention of Reward Dependence was also lower in elderly with the experience of abuse, but the difference in the groups was not significant (P>0/001).DiscussionThese findings state that some personality traits, that is different levels of Temparement dimensions and low levels of Character dimensions, as a risk factor can provide the basis for elder abuse and increase vulnerability of the elderly to abuse situations. It is also possible that repeated experience of abuse has destructive effects on the personality of the elderly, especially the dimensions of Character which is the part of the personality created by the environment. The findings of this research show more details of personality dimensions and their relationship with elder abuse. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these variables in the design of prevention programs. So that we able to prevent elder abuse experiences or design more appropriate intervention programs for each eldely person. The lack control of gender effect, the use of available sampling method and the use of self-reporting tools in data collection were the limitations of this research that was not possible to control them. It is suggested to control these factors in future studies.
