نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز (نویسنده مسئول)

2 دانشیار بخش روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر در قالب یک مدل علّی، پیش‌آیندهای احساس تنهایی نوجوانان را مورد بررسی قرار داد. در این مدل ادراک دلبستگی به والدین و هم‌سالان به عنوان متغیرهای برون‌زاد، سبک‌های آسیب‌زای شخصیتی بلات، متغیر واسطه‌ای و احساس تنهایی متغیر درون‌زاد بودند. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش 426 دانش‌آموز دختر (204) و پسر (222) سال سوم دبیرستان‌های شهر شیراز بودند. برای اندازه‌گیری متغیرهای پژوهش از فرم کوتاه شده مقیاس احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی و پرسشنامه‌های دلبستگی به والدین و هم‌سالان و تجارب افسرده‌ساز استفاده گردید. مدل پیشنهادی پژوهش، با استفاده از نرم افزار AMOS مورد تحلیل مسیر قرار گرفت و برای تعیین معنی داری اثرات غیرمستقیم متغیرهای میانجی از روش نمونه‌گیری‌های مکرر "خودراه انداز" استفاده شد. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که دلبستگی به والدین، هم به طور مستقیم و هم به واسطه‌ی عوامل شخصیتیِ خود انتقادی و وابستگی، پیش‌بینی کننده‌ی منفی و معنی‌دار احساس تنهایی است؛ اما دلبستگی به هم‌سالان تنها به طور مستقیم و منفی پیش‌بینی کننده‌ی معنی‌دار احساس تنهایی است. به عبارت دیگر دلبستگی به والدین هم در شکل‌گیری طرح‌واره‌های بین فردی و هم طرح‌واره‌های درون فردی نقش دارد؛ اما دلبستگی به هم‌سالان تنها در شکل‌گیری طرح‌واره‌های بین فردی سهیم است. نتایج مقایسه‌ی نمودار مسیر دختران و پسران نشان داد که الگوی طرح‌واره‌های پژوهش، در مورد پسران نتایج کاملاً همخوان با یافته‌های کلی گروه نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Casual Relationships of Perceived Attachment and Personality Vulnerability with Loneliness in Adolescence

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Salimi 1
  • B. Jowkar 2

1

2

چکیده [English]

This study investigated a causal model of antecedents of loneliness, based on Bowlby's (1969/1982) attachment theory and Blatt's (1990) model of personality. In this model parent and peer attachment were considered as exogenous variables, loneliness as endogenous variable; and Blatt's personality predispositions as mediators. Participants were 426 (204 girls and 222 boys) high school students, selected from Shiraz high schools. Participants completed the short form of Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, at the end of adolescence. The hypothetical model was tested by AMOS software. Also, significance of the meditational effects determined by Bootstrap method. Results showed that parent attachment was a negative predictor of loneliness, both directly and indirectly by self-criticism and dependency as mediator variables. However, peer attachment had only negative direct effect on loneliness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Loneliness
  • parent attachment
  • peer attachment
  • depressive experiences
  • personality vulnerability
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