نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه بوشهر
2 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،اهواز ، ایران
چکیده
تحقیق حاضر اثربخشی درمانهای شناختی، تن‌آرامی و رفتاری را در گروهی از دبیران شهر اهواز که مبتلا به کمردرد مزمن بودند مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. روش این تحقیق آزمایشی بود. جمعیت هدف این تحقیق را دبیران مرد شهر اهواز تشکیل می‌دادند. نمونه تحقیق شامل 100 نفر بیمار مبتلا به کمردرد مزمن می‌باشد که به طور تصادفی از بین بیماران مبتلا به کمر درد مزمن انتخاب و به گروههای آزمایشی (شناخت درمانی، رفتار درمانی، تن آرامی) و گروه گواه گمارده شدند (هر گروه 25 نفر). شیوه‌های مداخله (درمان) در این تحقیق عبارت بودند از: الف) مصون‌سازی در مقابل درد (میکنبام و ترک، 1976)، ب) کنترل محرک (کانفر، 1980)، ج) تن آرامی عضلانی پیشرونده (جاکوبسن، 1962). چهار شاخص بهبودی در تحقیق حاضر در نظر گرفته شد که شامل بهبود باورهای درد، بهبود رفتار درد، بهبود خودکفایی درد و بهبود افسردگی بود. ابزارهای درد (زارکوفسکا، 1988)، آزمون خودکفایی درد (نیکولاس، 1989)، آزمون افسردگی (بک، 1961) و آزمون درد مزمن (اصغری‌مقدم، 1374) بودند. نتایج مرحله اول تحقیق بیانگر پایایی و اعتبار مطلوب و رضایت‌بخش این آزمونها می‌باشد. نتایج آماری نشان داد که روشهای درمان در بهبود کمردرد مزمن در آزمودنیها مؤثر بوده‌اند. تحلیل واریانس یک راهه تفاضل میانگین نمره‌های آزمودنیهای گروههای مختلف، در دو مرحله اجرای آزمونهای مربوط به درد مزمن، حاکی از تفاوت معنی‌دار بین گروههای درمانی در شاخصهای بهبودی بود. آزمون توکی، نشان داد که گروه شناخت درمانی و گروه تن آرامی عضلانی در بهبود باورهای درد و کاهش افسردگی تفاوتهای معنی‌داری با گروه گواه ظاهر ساختند. حال آنکه، چنین یافته‌ای در گروه رفتاردرمانی دیده شد. وانگهی، هر سه گروه درمان‌شناختی، تن آرامی و رفتاری در خودکفایی درد و بهبود رفتارهای درد، تفاوتهای معنی‌داری با گروه گواه نشان دادند. افزون بر آنچه گفته شد، نتایج آماری حاصل از بررسی مقایسه‌ای روشهای درمانی نشان داد که این روشها از لحاظ میزان کارایی تفاوتهای معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشتند
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Cognitive, Relaxation, and Behavioral Therapies in Improving Chronic Backpain among Ahvaz Male High School Teachers
نویسندگان [English]
- A. Pooladi Reyshahri 1
- B. Najarian 2
- H. Shokrkon 2
- M. Meharbizadeh Honarmand 2
1 Faculty member of Bushehr University
2 Faculty member of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Using an experimental research design, the present study exmined the effectiveness of three kinds of therapy in the management of chronic back- pain among Ahvaz male high school teachers. The sample consisted of 100 patients suffering from chronic backpain. Twenty five subjects were randomly assigned to each one of the following four conditions: Three experimental groups (i.e., cognitive, relaxation and behavioral interventions) and one control group. The three management approaches exercised were stress inoculation (Miechenbaum and Turk, 1976), progressive muscular relaxation (Jacobson, 1962), and stimulus control (Kaunfer, 1980). Improvement in pain beliefs, pain behavior, pain self-efficacy, and depression were all employed as the four major improvement indices of pain management and treatment. The Pain Measures (Zarkowfska, 1988), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Nickolas, 1989), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) and Chronic Pain Test (Asghari Moghaddam, 1995) were used to measure the dependent variables. Results of the preliminary stage indicated that the afore-mentioned pain measures are psychometrically sound, reliable and valid. Data analysis revealed that the treatment methods used are effective in reducing the chronic backpain indices. A one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences among the three treatment conditions; A Tukey test showed that cognitive group and progressive muscular relaxation group were superior to the control group in reducing the pain beliefs and depression. The behavioral group, however, showed no significant difference with the control group. Furthermore, all three experimental conditions were significantly more effective than the control condition in reducing the pain self-efficacy and pain
behavior
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- : cognitive therapy
- relaxation
- behavior therapy
- chronic backpain
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