نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دکتری آمار محض، گروه آمار، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد پرستاری جراحی- داخلی، گروه پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه انرژی کارکنان و بهزیستی ذهنی در قالب یک مدل میانجی‌گر تعدیل‌شده بود که در آن شکوفایی به عنوان میانجی‌گر و انگیزه‌ اجتماع‌یار به عنوان تعدیل‌گر مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. نمونه پژوهش شامل 193 نفر از پرستاران بیمارستان بقایی 2 شهر اهواز بود که به روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش عبارتند از: مقیاس انرژی آتواتر و کارملی، مقیاس شکوفایی داینر و همکاران، مقیاس بهزیستی ذهنی داینر و همکاران، و مقیاس انگیزه‌ اجتماع‌یار گرنت و سامانث. ارزیابی الگوی نظری پژوهش و اثرات غیرمستقیم، از طریق مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS-SEM) و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Smart-PLS3 انجام شد. همچنین، بررسی اثرات تعدیلی با استفاده از افزونه PROCESS v3.5 در نرم‌افزار SPSS-24 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که انرژی کارکنان در کار با شکوفایی (0001/0p< ،61/0β=) و بهزیستی ذهنی (030/0p< ،14/0β=) رابطه مثبت و مستقیمی دارد. همچنین، نقش میانجی‌گر شکوفایی در رابطه بین انرژی و بهزیستی ذهنی تأیید شد (0001/0p< ،40/0β=). در نهایت، نتایج نشان داد که تعامل انگیزه اجتماع‌یار و انرژی بر شکوفایی و بهزیستی ذهنی کارکنان اثر منفی و معنی‌داری دارد. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، بهزیستی ذهنی کارکنان که از شاخص‌های سلامت روانی است، تحت تأثیر متغیرهای فردی همچون انرژی، شکوفایی و انگیزه اجتماع‌یار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Energy, Flourishing, and subjective well-being: A moderated mediating model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Noori Kaabomeir 1
  • Parisa Hasanalipour 2
  • Seied Hashem Mosavi 3

1 Ph.D. of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Ph.D of Statistics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 M.D. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between employee energy and subjective well-being in the form of a moderated mediating model in which flourishing as a mediator and prosocial motivation as a moderator were examined. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The sample consisted of 193 nurses of Baqaei Hospital 2 in Ahvaz who were selected by the census method. The instruments used in the study were Energy Scale of Atwater and Carmeli, Flourishing Scale of Diener et al., Subjective Well-Being Scale of Diener et al., and Prosocial Motivation Scale of Grant and Sumanth. Evaluation of the theoretical research model and indirect effects was done by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and using Smart-PLS3 software. Also, the moderating effects were investigated using the PROCESS v3.5 plugin in SPSS-24 software. The results showed that employees' energy at work has a positive and direct relationship with flourishing (β=0.61, p<0.0001) and subjective well-being (β=0.14, p<0.030). Also, the mediating role of flourishing in the relationship between energy and subjective well-being was confirmed (β=0.40, p<0.0001). Finally, the results showed that the interaction of prosocial motivation and energy has a negative and significant effect on the flourishing and subjective well-being of employees. According to the results of this study, the subjective well-being of employees, which is one of the indicators of mental health, is influenced by individual variables such as energy, flourishing, and prosocial motivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy
  • Flourishing
  • Subjective well-being
  • Prosocial motivation
  • Moderated mediating model
Atwater, L. & Carmeli, A. (2009). Leader-member exchange, feelings of energy and involvement in creative work. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 264–275.
Bakker, A. B. & Oerlemans, W. (2011). Subjective well-being in organizations. In K. S. Cameron & G. M. Spreitzer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (178–189). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bergeron, D. M., Shipp, A. J., Rosen, B. & Furst, S. A. (2013). Organizational citizenship behavior and career outcomes: The cost of being a good citizen. Journal of Management, 39(4), 958–984.
Berglund, V., Johansson Sevä, I. & Strandh, M. (2016). Subjective well-being and job satisfaction among self-employed and regular employees: Does personality matter differently? Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 28(1), 55–73.
Bolino, M. C. & Grant, A. M. (2016). The bright side of being prosocial at work, and the dark side, too: A review and agenda for research on other-oriented motives, behavior, and impact in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 599–670.
Calvard, T. S. & Sang, K. J. (2017). Complementing psychological approaches to employee well-being with a socio-structural perspective on violence in the workplace: An alternative research agenda. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(16), 2256–2274.
Chen, H., Cheng, H., Zhu, D. & Long, R. (2016). Dimensions of employee energy and their differences: Evidence from Chinese insurance companies. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 26(6), 740–753.
Cohn, M. A. (2008). Rescuing our heroes: Upward comparison in positive psychology. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.). Positive psychology in practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31(2), 103–157.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E. & Scollon, C. N. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 61(4), 305–314.
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S. & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New wellbeing measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156.
Fan, D., Cui, L., Zhang, M. M., Zhu, C. J., Härtel, C. E. & Nyland, C. (2014). Influence of high performance work systems on employee subjective well-being and job burnout: Empirical evidence from the Chinese healthcare sector. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(7), 931–950.
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/1522-3736.3.1.31a
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist: Special Issue, 56(3), 218–226.
Fredrickson, B. L. & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional wellbeing. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172–175.
Fredrickson, B. L. & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678–686.
Fritz, C., Lam, C. F. & Spreitzer, G. M. (2011). It’s the little things that matter: An examination of knowledge workers’ energy management. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(3), 28–39.
Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 393–417.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 48–58.
Grant, A. M. & Berry, J. W. (2011). The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective taking, and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 54(1), 73–96.
Grant, A. M. & Mayer, D. M. (2009). Good soldiers and good actors: Prosocial and impression management motives as interactive predictors of affiliative citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 900–912.
Grant, A. M. & Sumanth, J. J. (2009). Mission possible? The performance of prosocially motivated employees depends on manager trustworthiness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 927–944.
Hakanen, J. J. & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Do burnout and work engagement predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave seven-year prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 141(2), 415–424.
Hershcovis, M. S., Turner, N., Barling, J., Arnold, K. A., Dupré, K. E., Inness, M., … Sivanathan, N. (2007). Predicting workplace aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 228–238.
Hu, J. & Liden, R. C. (2015). Making a difference in the teamwork: Linking team prosocial motivation to team processes and effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1102–1127.
Keyes, C. L. (2014). Happiness, flourishing, and life satisfaction. In W. R. Cockersham, R. Dingwell & S. R. Quah (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of health, illness, behavior, and society (pp. 747–751). London: Wiley.
Keyes, C. L., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A. & Van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the mental health continuum–short form (MHC–SF) in Setswana-speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 15(3), 181–192.
Kuykendall, L. & Tay, L. (2015). Employee subjective well-being and physiological functioning: An integrative model. Health Psychology Open, 2(1), 1–11.
Meglino, B. M. & Korsgaard, A. (2004). Considering rational self-interest as a disposition: Organizational implications of other orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 946–959.
Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E. & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101–120.
Paul, H. & Garg, P. (2013). Tendency to display citizenship behaviors at work: Role of subjective wellbeing. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 4(1), 16–20.
Quinn, R. W. & Dutton, J. E. (2005). Coordination as energy in conversation. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 36–57.
Quinn, R. W., Spreitzer, G. M. & Lam, C. F. (2012). Building a sustainable model of human energy in organizations: Exploring the critical role of resources. The Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 337–396.
Russo, M., Shteigman, A. & Carmeli, A. (2016). Workplace and family support and work–life balance: Implications for individual psychological availability and energy at work. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2), 173–188.
Schiuma, G., Mason, S. & Kennerley, M. (2007). Assessing energy within organizations. Measuring Business Excellence, 11(3), 69–78.
Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421.
Taghvaei Neya, A., Shehni Yailagh, M. & Neissi, A. (2015). The causal relationship between perceived academic stress and subjective well-being, with mediating roles of perceived social support and academic self-efficacy beliefs among male and female undergraduate students of Shalid Chamran University. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 22(2), 43-74. [Persian]
Yousefi, M. & Khayatan, F. (2015). Comparison of happiness, psychology well-being, and job perfectionism among women nurses of different sections of hospitals in Isfahan at 2014. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, 23(2), 52–62. [Persian]
Zhu, Y. & Akhtar, S. (2014). How transformational leadership influences follower helping behavior: The role of trust and prosocial motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 373–392.