نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهشکده خانواده دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هنر را می‌توان یکی از کارآمدترین ابزار و روش‌های تربیت آدمی در عصر امروز به شمار آورد که نتایج و آثارش در زمینه خلاقیت و سلامت روانی در کودکان را می‌توان دید. هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر بخشی نمایش درمانی بر میزان اضطراب کودکان کار بود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل و همچنین مرحله پیگیری یک ماهه بود. جامعه آماری مشتمل بر تمامی کودکان کار 12-8 سال شهر اهواز که در سال 1400- 1399 زیرنظر بهزیستی بودند. پرسشنامه مقیاس اضطراب کودکان اسپنس به عنوان پیش‌آزمون میان همه داوطلبین توزیع و تکمیل گردید و 30 کودک که دارای بیشترین نمره اضطراب در بین آزمودنی‌ها بودند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایش در 13 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای تحت نمایش درمانی قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای دریافت نکردند. پس از اتمام جلسه سیزدهم پس‌آزمون از هر دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل گرفته شد و آزمون پیگیری یک ماه بعد در هر دو گروه اجرا شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از تحلیل کوواریانس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS-23 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که نمایش درمانی هم در مرحله پس‌آزمون و هم در پیگیری در گروه آزمایش بر خلاف گروه کنترل، به‌طور معنی‌داری اضطراب کودکان کار را کاهش داده است. بر این اساس روش نمایش درمانی در کاهش اضطراب کودکان کار مؤثر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Drama Therapy on the Anxiety of Labor Children

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shima Salehi 1
  • Ahmad Barjaali 2
  • Ali Zadeh Mohammadi 3

1 M.A. of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
One of the serious harms that threaten developing societies, including Iran, is the growing number of labor children who, for various reasons, spend part or all of their time on the streets, which is an unsafe and stressful environment for children. There are many children who are forced to work in inappropriate environments due to not having a good caregiver or having bad caregiver (Hosseini, 2005; Fatima, 2017). During development, children and adolescents experience a wide range of anxieties (Ghorban Shiroodi, 2014), and as labor children live in unhealthy environments, they are exposed to many mental and physical disorders (Ahmadi Tabar, Jafari, & Shafiei, 2020). Anxiety is a cause of disability in children and not only causes chronic fatigue and other physical discomforts but also disturb their relationships with peers and family (Kidwell, Nelson, & Van Dyk, 2015). Although in recent years, various methods have been used to treat anxiety in children, art therapy is accepted today as one of the most effective methods of treatment. One of these art programs is play (Holmwood, 2017). Drama therapy is group therapy and active and experiential therapy (Berger, 2019) that uses a combination of various theatrical techniques such as role-play, pantomime, puppetry, improvisation, and other methods (Leather & Kewley, 2019).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Labor children
  • Drama therapy
  • Anxiety
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