Testing the Model of Psychological Well-Being Based on Moral Identity and Tolerance of Disturbance with the Mediation of Resilience in Female Students

Safari, Pooneh; Homaei, Rezvan

doi:10.22055/psy.2022.40937.2857

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Pooneh Safari ¹
Rezvan Homaei ²

¹ M.A. Psychology General, Department of Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22055/psy.2022.40937.2857

Abstract

Introduction
The coronavirus has become a serious threat to public health and well-being. The spread of the virus, especially among children and teenagers, has caused great concern and anxiety. Given the pandemic's impact on important social, economic, and political aspects, it is crucial to explore the psychological effects of the disease on individuals at different levels of society. For instance, the psychological well-being of teenagers is of utmost importance, and factors such as moral identity, tolerance of disturbance, and resilience are believed to play a significant role. This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological well-being, moral identity, tolerance of disturbance, and resilience in female high school students.

Method
This study utilized a structural equation correlation design and included all female high school students in Ahvaz during the academic year 1401-1400. A total of 253 participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. District 1 of Ahvaz was randomly chosen, and five secondary schools were randomly selected from this district. After coordinating with school principals and teachers, students were asked to respond to questionnaires through WhatsApp and student groups. The Psychological well-being of Ryffs (2002), Moral identity of Aquino & Reed (2002), Distress Tolerance of Simmons & Gahr (2005), and Resilience of Connor & Davidson (2003) were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data, including Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling, and Cronbach's alpha method to calculate the reliability coefficients.

Results
The study found that all direct paths, except for the relationship between moral identity and psychological well-being, were significant (p > 0.05). There was also an indirect relationship between moral identity and psychological well-being through resilience, as well as between distress tolerance and psychological well-being through resilience.

Discussion
The study's findings can help improve the psychological well-being of students. The coronavirus pandemic has become a global health emergency, causing psychosocial stress, job closures, and increased mortality rates. These factors can reduce psychological well-being, but individuals with high resilience can maintain their mental health during these challenging times. Therefore, improving the psychological well-being of individuals should be a priority. It is suggested that educational workshops be held to help individuals control their behavior, improve their psychological tolerance, and enhance their psychological well-being..

Keywords

References

Ahangarzadeh Rezaei S., & Rasoli M. (2015). Psychometric properties of the persian version of the persian version of "Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale" in adolescents with cancer. Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 13(9), 739-747. [Persian]

Amoui, H., & Rashvand, F. (2020). The cognitive relationship between emotion and turbulence tolerance and psychological well-being Staff of Qazvin Municipality monasteries. Comprehansive Studies in Urban Management, 1(3), 80-89. [Persian]

Ansari Shahidi, M., Tat, M., Badrizadeh, A., & Maleki, S. (2018). The role of ethical intelligence and professional value in predicting nurses' resilience. Yafte, 20(3), 48-58. [Persian]

Aquino, K., & Reed, A. (2002). The self importance of moral identity. Journal of Personaity and Social Psychology, 83, 1423-1440.

Asadzadeh, N., Makvandi, B., Askari, P., Pasha, R., & Naderi, F. (2019). The effectiveness of reality therapy on social adjustment, psychological well-being and self-criticism of generalized anxiety disorder referring to Ahvaz psychological clinics. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 26(2), 159-178. [Persian]

Ashtari, S., Kazemi, M., & Salehi, Javad (2020). The relationship between practicing religious beliefs and moral identity with psychological welfare: The mediating role of moral identity. Psychology and Religion, 10(3), 54-67. [Persian]

Azimpour, A. R. Nazarpour, M., Navabi, A., & Hashemipour, M. (2013). Relationship between social desirability and intelligence, moral identity, age, grade at known and Anonymous conditions among university students. Applied Psychological Research, 3(12), 1-14. [Persian]

Bayani, A. A., Mohammad Koochekya, A., & Bayani, A. (2008). Reliability and validity of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, 14(2), 146-151. [Persian]

Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.

Davaee, S., Hejazi, E., & Naghsh, Z. (2018). The relationship between basic beliefs and subjective well-being: the mediating role of moral identity in late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 19(4), 70-83. [Persian]

De Kock, J. H., Latham, H. A., Leslie, S. J., Grindle, M., Munoz, S. A., Ellis, L., ... & O’Malley, C. M. (2021). A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: Implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-18.

Ellis, A. J., Salgari, G., Miklowitz, D., & Loo, S. K. (2018). Is distress tolerance an approach behavior? An examination of frontal alpha asymmetry and distress tolerance in adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 267, 210-214.

Farhang, D., Asghari Ebrahimabad, M. J., & Ghanbari Hashemabadi, B. A. (2019). The role of resilience in the context of Corona crisis on psychological well-being in students in Mashhad mediated by religious orientation. Nafs Quarterly, 6(4), 42-54. [Persian]

Fatehi, A., Yousefi, F., & Malekizadeh, A. (2020). The mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between family communication patterns and happiness. Developmental Psychology, 16(64), 351-364.

Ghaffari Cherati, A. A., Mehdikhani, M., & Pouriani, E (2020). The relationship between resilience and mental well-being and optimism among employees at the time of quaid outbreak. 6th International Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Educational Sciences, 16 July 2016, International Organization for Academic Studies, Tehran. [Persian]

Hancock, J., & Mattick, K. (2020). Tolerance of ambiguity and psychological well‐being in medical training: A systematic review. Medical Education, 54(2), 125-137.

Hashemi, N., Sayafi, S., & Andami, A. (2019). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance with life satisfaction in addicted students: The mediating role of resilience. Research on Addiction Journal, 13(53), 157-176. [Persian]

Huhtala, M., Fadjukoff, P., & Kroger, J. (2021). Managers as moral leaders: Moral identity processes in the context of work. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(4), 639-652.

Jafarzadeh, M., Hosseini, S., & Alaei rozbahani, A. (2021). The mediation role of psychological well-being in the relationship between resilience and positive connection at school. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 12(2), 180-165. [Persian]

Jang, J. Y. (2020). The structural relationships among optimism, distress tolerance, grief avoidance, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and psychological well-being on undergraduates exposed to loss. Korean Journal of Stress Research, 28(3), 107-117.

Jernigan, D. B., Covid, C., & Team, R. (2020). Public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak - United States. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(8), 216-219.

López, A., Sanderman, R., Ranchor, A. V., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018). Compassion for others and self-compassion: Levels, correlates, and relationship with psychological well-being. Mindfulness, 9(1), 325-331.

Luo, M., & Hancock, J. T. (2020). Self-disclosure and social media: Motivations, mechanisms and psychological well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 31, 110-115.

Mahmoudpour, A., Dehghanpour, S., & Vazifedan, F. (2020). The prediction of distress tolerance based on attachment styles, frustration tolerance and religious attitude in divorced women. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal, 9(4), 93-102. [Persian]‏

Nafar, Z., & Karimi, E. (2019). The relationship between resilience and coping strategies with psychological well-being in students. Rooyesh, 8(7), 239-246. [Persian]

Phillips, N. (2021). The coronavirus is here to stay-here’s what that means. Nature, 590(7846), 382-384.

Ramezanzadeh, S., & Moslehamirdehi, H. (2020). Explain the relationship between moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence and psychological resilience in students: the role of mediating spiritual intelligence. Pouyesh in Humanities Education, 6(21), 29-38. [Persian]

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social Science Research, 35(4), 1103-1119.

Salaam, B., & Mounts, N. S. (2016). International note: Maternal warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control: Relations to adjustment of Ghanaian early adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 49, 99-104.

Shams, J., Azizi, A., & Mirzaei A. (2010). Correlation between distress tolerance and emotional regulation with students smoking dependence. Hakim Research Journal, 13(1), 8-11. [Persian]

Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 83-102

Valibeigi, M., Moheb, N., & Abdi, R. (2022). Explaining the structural model of the relationship between optimism and resilience with psychological well-being based on life satisfaction in students with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 16(64), [Persian]

Van Eck, K., Warren, P., & Flory, K. (2017). A variable-centered and person-centered evaluation of emotion regulation and distress tolerance: Links to emotional and behavioral concerns. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 136-150.

Vanderveren, E., Bogaerts, A., Claes, L., Luyckx, K., & Hermans, D. (2021). Narrative coherence of turning point memories: Associations with psychological well-being, identity functioning, and personality disorder symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 523.

Villani, L., Pastorino, R., Molinari, E., Anelli, F., Ricciardi, W., Graffigna, G., & Boccia, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being of students in an Italian university: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 1-14.

Welsch, H. (2021). How climate-friendly behavior relates to moral identity and identity-protective cognition: Evidence from the European social surveys. Ecological Economics, 185, 107026.

Testing the Model of Psychological Well-Being Based on Moral Identity and Tolerance of Disturbance with the Mediation of Resilience in Female Students

References

References

Volume 30, Issue 2 - Serial Number 30October 2023Pages 183-202

Volume 30, Issue 2 - Serial Number 30
October 2023
Pages 183-202