نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 روانشناس و مدیر فنی مرکز روانشناسی و مشاوره تبسم زندگی
2 گروه روانشناسی شناختی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز ، شیراز ، ایران
3 گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
4 گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز ، شیراز ، ایران
چکیده
استد لال اخلاقی یکی از مؤلفه های اصلی در میان رویکردهای مختلف در فلسفه اخلاق است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف ارائة مدلی تبیینی از استدلال اخلاقی بر اساس ویژگیهای شخصیتی انجام شد. بدین منظور ویژگیهای شخصیتی بهعنوان متغیر برونزاد و متغیر ذهنآگاهی بهعنوان متغیر واسطهای سطح اول و نظام ارزشی بهعنوان متغیر واسطهای سطح دوم و متغیر استدلال اخلاقی بهعنوان متغیر درونزاد در نظر گرفته شد. شرکتکنندگان شامل ۴۰۰ نفر از دانشجویان بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری خوشهای تصادفی چندمرحلهای از دانشکدههای دانشگاه شیراز انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت (Goldberg ، 1999)، پرسشنامه ذهنآگاهی ( Brown & Ryan، 2003)، پرسشنامه ارزشهای فردی (Schwartz ، 1994) و پرسشنامه استاندارد استدلال اخلاقی (Rest ، 1973) بود که پس از وارسی پایایی و روایی مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با استفاده از مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل مسیر انجام شد. یافتهها حاکی از آن بود که از بین پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت، ویژگیهای توافقپذیری، وظیفه مداری و گشودگی به تجربه رابطه مثبت و معنیداری با استدلال اخلاقی دارند. همچنین، از بین پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت، ویژگیهای توافقپذیری، ثبات هیجانی و گشودگی به تجربه رابطه مثبت و معنیداری با ذهنآگاهی نشان دادند. بعلاوه، ارزشهای فردی تعالی خود و ارتقای خود به همراه ذهنآگاهی، بین ویژگیهای شخصیتی ثبات هیجانی، گشودگی به تجربه، توافقپذیری و استدلال اخلاقی نقش واسطهای ایفا کردند. یافتهها در قالب نظریهها و یافتههای موجود موردبحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Expla ining moral reasoning based on person ality traits: studying the mediating role of mindfulness and individual values
نویسندگان [English]
- amin sharifi 1
- Masoud Fazilatpoor 2
- Mahboobeh Fouladchang 3
- farhad khormaei 4
1 Psychologist and Technical Director of Tabsem Zendegi Psychology and Counseling Center
2 Department of cognitive Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty‎. University of shiraz, shiraz, ‎Iran
3 Educational Psychology/Education and Psychology Faculty/Shiraz/IranAssistant Professor, University of Shiarz, Shiraz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty‎. University ‎of shiraz, shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Intro duction
One of the important topics in the field of moral philosophy in psychological theories is the discussion of the role of reasoning in decision making. Moral development studies have emphasized the role and importance of internal and external factors on moral reasoning. This research was done with the aim of presenting an explanatory model of moral reasoning based on personality traits. For this purpose, personality traits were considered as an exogenous variable, mindfulness variable as a mediator variable of the first level, value system as a mediator variable of the second level and moral reasoning variable as an endogenous variable.
Method
The method of this research was a correlational research in which personality traits were used as predictor variables and moral reasoning as a criterion (dependent) variable, and mindfulness and individual values were used as mediating variables. The research population included all students studying at Shiraz University in the academic year 1402-1401, from which 400 undergraduate, master's and doctoral students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection tool included the big five personality factor questionnaire, mindfulness questionnaire, personal values questionnaire and moral reasoning standard questionnaire, which was used after checking the reliability and validity. Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software version 24 and PROCESS plugin version 4.2. In order to check the importance of indirect paths, the bootstrap method was used.
Results
The findings indicated that among the big five factors of personality, the characteristics of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience have a positive and significant relationship with moral reasoning. Also, among the big five factors of personality, the characteristics of agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience showed a positive and significant relationship with mindfulness. In addition, the individual values of self-exaltation and self-enhancement along with mindfulness played a mediating role between the personality traits of emotional stability, openness to experience, agreeableness, and moral reasoning.
Discussion
Moral reasoning can help a person to find the best solutions to deal with their duties and responsibilities. Also, openness to experience has the strongest relationship with moral reasoning. People who have a high degree of openness to experience may have a high degree moral reasoning and apply more in their behavior and consider more diverse points of view when making moral judgments and have more trust, kindness, altruism, and other general social behaviors, and they put fairness at the top of their work when judging or reasoning morally. and has a stronger argument. In addition, the more emotionally stable people are, the more they will have the power of mindfulness and become more aware of their thoughts, feelings and actions in the present moment. It has also been seen that people with a strong sense of self-superiority may prioritize their own interests over the interests of others, which can affect their moral reasoning.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- "personality traits"
- "mindfulness"
- "individual values"
- "moral reasoning"