نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فاطمه نعمتی ¹
• سید موسی گلستانه ²
• مهناز جوکار ³

¹ دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی، گروه روانشناسی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی ، دانشگاه خلیج فارس ، شهر بوشهر، ایران

² دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده، علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، شهر بوشهر، ایران

³ استادیار،گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، شهر بوشهر، ایران

چکیده

تاب‌آوری به‌عنوان توانایی و مهارتی است که فرد را قادر می‌سازد خود را با مشکلات و چالش‌ها سازگار کند و این عامل کمک‌کننده فرآیند تحول مثبت نوجوانی است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین رابطه خوش‌بینی با تاب‌آوری از طریق نقش میانجی‌گری خودکارآمدی در دوره نوجوانی هست. این پژوهش به روش تحقیق توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی در قالب مدل معادلات ساختاری انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر پایه‌های ششم ابتدایی، متوسطه اول و دوم بوشهر در سال 1401- 1400 بودند که از بین جامعه تعداد 503 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. از مقیاس‌های خودکارآمدی موریس(2001)، پرسش‌نامه تاب‌آوری دی کارولی و جان ساگون (2014) و پرسش‌نامه خوش‌بینی شیر و کارور (1985) استفاده‌شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها با روش آمار توصیفی و مدل معادلات ساختاری از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS-24 و AMOS-24 استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده ها در مدل معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مدل کلی تحقیق و شاخص های برازش مدل اصلاح شده از برازش بهتری برخوردارند. این مدل در نمونه دختران و پسران از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار بود. مسیرهای خوش‌بینی و خودکارآمدی به تاب‌آوری در دوره نوجوانی معنادار بودند. همچنین، مسیر خوش‌بینی به‌صورت غیرمستقیم از طریق خودکارآمدی با تاب‌آوری معنادار است. باتوجه‌به یافته‌های این تحقیق، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که هر چه به اواخر نوجوانی نزدیک می‌شویم تأثیر خوش‌بینی کمتر شده و همچنین بین خوش‌بین با تاب‌آوری از طریق میانجی‌گری خودکارآمدی رابطه مثبت و معناداری هست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تاب‌آوری
• خودکارآمدی
• خوش‌بینی
• نوجوانی
• نیازهای روان‌شناختی

موضوعات

• روان‌شناسی تربیتی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between optimism and resilience through the mediating role of self-efficacy in adolescence

نویسندگان [English]

• Fatemeh Nemati ¹
• Seyed Mousa Golestaneh ²
• Mahnaz Joukar ³

¹ MA Student in Educational Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran

² Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Adolescence is a challenging developmental stage in which adolescents experience significant changes in their academic and work life due to the mismatch between developmental needs and the learning environment during puberty. Among the important abilities in adolescence is a set of psychological abilities known as positive psychological capital. Psychological capital is the positive aspect of human life and is defined based on personal understanding, having a goal to achieve success and stability against problems. Psychological capital is an integrated and interconnected structure of which resilience is a part. Resilience is defined as the process of optimal adaptation in the face of problems, traumatic events, threats, or any stressful situation that may occur in life.
Resilience is an ability and skill that enables a person to adapt to problems and challenges. This factor contributes to the positive development process of adolescence. This study examined the effect of the relationship between optimism with resilience with the mediation of self-efficacy in adolescence.

Method
The aim of the present study is applied research and correlational data collection which is done through structural equation modeling. The participants are male and female sixth graders and first and second high school students who were studying in Bushehr in 1400-1401. 12 schools were randomly selected from each Bushehr elementary, first, and second high school. To test the research hypothesis, 600 students were selected through using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Due to the conditions and limitations of the coronavirus disease, questionnaires were provided to students via social media such as Shad, Telegram, and WhatsApp, and eventually, out of 600 distributed questionnaires, 97 questionnaires were rejected and 503 questionnaires with valid information were identified and used in the analysis. Instruments included were a questionnaire Muris's (2001) Self-Efficacy Scales (SEQ-C), DeCaroli John and Sagon's (2014) Resilience Questionnaire, and Sher and Carver's (1985) optimism questionnaire. Analysis with the help of structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS and AMOS-24. In this study for the final assessment of questionnaires to measure Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and optimism Cronbach's alpha was used, and its values, respectively, were 0.90, 0.91, and 0.62.
Results
Based on the presented model, the relationship between optimism and resilience was confirmed with the mediation of self-efficacy in adolescence; The results showed there was a positive and significant relationship between optimism, self-efficacy with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between optimism and self-efficacy directly. There was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and resilience directly. Also, the path of optimism is significant indirectly through self-efficacy with resilience. Based on the presented model, the relationship between optimism by comparing the parameters of the proposed model with the final model, it can be concluded that the final model has a better fit than the data.

Discussion
According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the closer we get to adolescence, the effect of optimism decreases and also there is a positive and significant relationship between optimism and resilience through the mediation of self-efficacy. Highly optimistic adolescents have more resilience characteristics than adolescents with low optimism; High self-efficacy teenagers have higher resilience than people with low self-efficacy; The more optimistic the teenagers were, the more self-efficacy they had. One quality that distinguishes resilient people is optimism. These people are not psychologically harmed and have a positive outlook on life's challenges, which makes them more resilient to adversity even in the face of risk and difficulty. Resilient people have plans and goals for the future, find meaning in life, and, because of their high level of optimism, do not give up easily and instead put in more effort when they fail.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• adolescence
• optimism
• psychological needs
• resilience
• self-efficacy