نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سپیده پیامانی ¹
• احمد علیپور ²
• مرتضی مرادی دولیسکانی ³
• مجید صفاری نیا ⁴

¹ گروه روانشناسی، واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان، ایران.

² گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه پیام نور سازمان مرکزی، تهران ایران.

³ گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 14665-889 تهران، ایران.

⁴ گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی مدل گاتمن و آموزش تنظیم هیجان مدار بر الگوهای ارتباطی و صمیمت زناشویی زنان متأهل در معرض طلاق شهر تهران بود.
روش پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از حیث گردآوری داده‌ها، نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل نابرابر خواهد بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر متشکل از کلیه زنان متقاضی طلاق مراجعه کننده به کلینیک و مرکز مشاوره «دلسا» و «آرامش» شهر تهران در سال 1402 بود. از بین جامعه آماری با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 48 نفر انتخاب و سپس به صورت جایگزینی تصادفی و براساس معیارهای ورود در دو گروه آزمایشی (16 نفر آزمایش اول، 16 نفر آزمایش دوم و 16 نفر گروه کنترل) گمارده شدند. گروه آزمایشی در جلسات درمانی شرکت کردند. در حالیکه گروه کنترل درمانی را دریافت نکرد و در لیست انتظار قرار گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه الگوهای ارتباطی (CPQ، 1984) و پرسشنامه صمیمت زناشویی باگازوری بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در سطح توصیفی از میانگین و انحراف استاندارد و در سطح استنباطی از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس و تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که هر دو مداخله آموزش تنظیم هیجان و مدل گاتمن باعث افزایش صمیمت زناشویی و بهبود الگوهای ارتباطی آزمودنی‌ها شده است (05/0p<). از بین دو مداخله آموزش تنظیم هیجان در افزایش صمیمت زناشویی و بهبود الگوهای ارتباطی روش مؤثرتری می‌باشد (001/0p<). همچنین در مراحل پس آزمون و پیگیری بین اثربخشی دو مداخله بر خودانتقادی و پریشانی روان شناختی تفاوتی معناداری مشاهده شد ( 05/0 >P).

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تنظیم هیجان
• درمان گاتمن
• صمیمیت زناشویی
• الگوهای ارتباطی

موضوعات

• روان‌شناسی خانواده‌

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the effectiveness of Gutman's model and emotion regulation training on communication patterns and marital intimacy of married women facing divorce in Tehran.

نویسندگان [English]

• Sepide Payamani ¹
• Ahmad Alipour ²
• Morteza Moradi Doliskani ³
• Majid Saffarinia ⁴

¹ Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran.

² Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Payame Noor University. Tehran. Iran.

³ Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Payame Noor University. Tehran. Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The family is an emotional unit and a network of intertwined relationships that begins with the marriage of a man and a woman. Most couples at the beginning of their joint capital life consider mutual love and interest. But when the married life does not go as expected by the husband and wife, the couple experiences despair and hopelessness, and they reach a state of reduced affection for each other. In it, after a long period of conflict, the husband and wife reach the stage of hatred and then face the state of neglect, which is the last stage of the emotional relationship between a man and a woman, which ultimately leads to an emotional divorce. Divorce can be divided into two categories; Open divorce, in which the couple is officially separated by referring to the court, and hidden divorce, in which the couple lives with each other due to necessity and compulsion, and this type of divorce is called emotional divorce. Emotional divorce, which is the stage before formal divorce, is referred to as a kind of silent separation that has not happened legally and religiously, and a man and a woman live under the same roof apparently due to considerations and inevitably, but due to extreme coldness. Relationships and lack of exchange of feelings and emotions have a feeling of dissatisfaction with disappointment. On the other hand, factors such as social and cultural restrictions, economic problems, forced marriages, fear and escape from being alone, eye to eye with friends and family regarding marriage, violence and anger sometimes prevent the official separation of spouses.
The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of Gutman's model and emotion regulation training on communication patterns and marital intimacy of married women facing divorce in Tehran.
Method
The research method will be semi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection with a pre-test and post-test design with an unequal control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women seeking divorce who referred to the clinic and counseling center "Delsa" and "Aramesh" in Tehran in 2023. 48 people were selected from the statistical population using the purposeful sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (16 people in the first experiment, 16 people in the second experiment and 16 people in the control group) based on the inclusion criteria. The experimental group participated in therapy sessions. While the control group did not receive the treatment and were put on the waiting list. The research tools included the Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ, 1984) and the Bagazuri Marital Intimacy Questionnaire. To analyze the data at the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used, and at the inferential level, covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were used.
Results
The findings showed that both emotional regulation training and Guttman's model have increased marital intimacy and improved the subjects' communication patterns (p<0.05). Among the two interventions, emotion regulation training is a more effective method in increasing marital intimacy and improving communication patterns (p<0.001). Also, in the post-test and follow-up phases, a significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two interventions on self-criticism and psychological distress (P<0.05).
The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test also showed that the average difference between emotion-oriented regulation training and the control group in the variable of communication patterns and its components is greater than the difference between Guttman's model and the control group, which indicates that emotion-oriented regulation training is more effective in increasing communication patterns and It has its components in married women facing divorce.
Discussion
In relation to the effectiveness of Gutman's approach on marital intimacy, it can be said that Gutman emphasizes love and respect to deal with the negative aspects of marriage, and to add to the positive aspects, he points to the following; Showing interest, kindness and affection, paying attention, appreciation, sympathy, empathy, acceptance, telling jokes and sharing happiness. In Gutman's educational program, teaching effective communication skills can help couples in establishing a good, two-way and efficient relationship that is in the direction of their growth and prosperity, and prevent the creation or continuation of destructive and negative feelings in the flow.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Emotion regulation
• Gutman therapy
• marital intimacy
• communication patterns