نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران
2 گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سلمان فارسی، کازرون، ایران
3 گروه آموزش ابتدایی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
4 گروه آموزش ابتدایی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مثبت‌اندیشی به شیوۀ گروهی بر کیفیت رابطۀ والد-فرزندی و سازگاری فردی-اجتماعی پایین بود. روش پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه و دورة پیگیری دوماهه بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل دختران نوجوان شهر شیراز در سال تحصیلی 1402-1401 بود که در دورة دوم متوسطه مشغول به تحصیل بودند. در این پژوهش ٣٥ نوجوان به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و با گمارش تصادفی در گروه‌های آزمایش و گواه قرار گرفتند (١٨ نوجوان در گروه آزمایش و ١٧ نوجوان در گروه گواه). مادران نوجوانان حاضر در گروه آزمایش، آموزش مثبت‌اندیشی به شیوۀ گروهی را طی دو ماه در ده جلسۀ ٧٥ دقیقه‌ای دریافت کردند. پیش‌آزمون قبل از اجرای مداخله و پس‌آزمون پس از اتمام مداخله اجرا شد. دو ماه بعد نیز مرحله پیگیری انجام گرفت. پرسش‌نامه‌های مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامۀ رابطه والد-فرزندی (PCRQ) و پرسشنامۀ سازگاری فردی-اجتماعی کالیفرنیا (CISAQ) بود. داده‌ها به شیوة تحلیل واریانس آمیخته با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (ویرایش 23) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد آموزش مثبت‌اندیشی به شیوۀ گروهی بر کیفیت رابطۀ والد-فرزندی و سازگاری فردی-اجتماعی تأثیر معنادار دارد (p<0.001). براساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت آموزش مثبت‌اندیشی به شیوۀ گروهی با آموزش ارتباط نوجوان با اعضای خانواده، حمایت و پذیرش اعضا و آموزش جایگزین‌سازی افکار غیرمنطقی با افکار منطقی می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک آموزش کارآمد جهت بهبود کیفیت رابطۀ والد-فرزندی و سازگاری فردی-اجتماعی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effectiveness of Group-Based Positive Thinking Training on The Quality of Parent-Child Relationship and Low Individual-Social Adjustment
نویسندگان [English]
- Fatemeh Mazaher 1
- Zeynab Ghasemi 2
- Mohammadjavad Farhadipour 3
- Ali Soltani 4
- Sanaz Amerifar 1
1 Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
2 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Salman Farsi University, Kazeroon, Iran
3 Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Farhangian University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Family and parenting styles, as well as the way children interact with children, are among the most important factors that affect children's psychological, social and emotional development. Families that are close in their interactions with their children achieve positive results and report satisfactory parent-child interactions. In the event that negative and controlling behaviors in interaction with children and in general the dysfunctional language of the family, especially during adolescence, cause a gap in the interaction between them and as a result, behavioral and emotional problems such as anxiety and depression occur in children. Parent-child interaction is an important and vital relationship to create security and love. The relationship between parents and children is the main representative of the world of communication for children. The feeling of love, intimacy and security is directly rooted in these relationships. Recent studies have shown that the quality of the relationship between parents and children is closely related to the behavior and psychological adjustment of children. The greater the conflict between parents and children, the more negative feelings and behavioral problems in children. One of the components that is affected by the quality of parent-child interaction is the social adjustment of teenagers. Social adaptation plays a major role in different areas of life. One of the effects of the above variable is the role it plays in learning and academic progress. Various trainings have been used to treat injuries and solve communication problems in teenagers. Among the trainings that have been extracted from the positivist approach and have been investigated by researchers in recent years, is positive thinking training. The results of various researches showed the effectiveness and role of positive thinking training in improving various psychological, emotional and educational components. Therefore, the main topic of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of group-based positive thinking training on the quality of parent-child relationship and individual-social adaptation.
Method
The design of the current research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population was female teenagers in the second period of secondary school in Shiraz city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample size. In order to identify students with low parent-child relationship quality and compatibility, one of the four educational districts of Shiraz city (District Two) was randomly selected. Then, three girls' schools were selected from the secondary schools of that district. 841 female students were studying in these three schools. Then, Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS) and California Individual-Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CISAQ) were administered among these students. After collecting and scoring the questionnaires, the students who scored lower than the average in the parent-child relationship and individual-social compatibility questionnaires were identified. The pre-test was performed before the intervention and the post-test was performed after the intervention. Two months later, the follow-up phase was implemented. The follow-up test included previous questionnaires
Results
The results showed that positive thinking training in a group manner has a significant effect on the quality of parent-child relationship and the adaptation of adolescents. In this way, this training was able to improve the quality of the parent-child relationship and the adaptation of the teenager. The first finding of this research indicated the effectiveness of group-based positive thinking training on the quality of the parent-child relationship. Also, the second finding of this research indicated the effectiveness of positive thinking training in a group manner on the individual and social adaptation of teenagers.
Discussion
Considering the effectiveness of positive thinking training on the quality of parent-child relationship and the individual-social adaptation of adolescents, it is suggested on a practical level that Fars education officials activate the interaction of parents with children and adolescents by activating school counselors and specialists in counseling centers and educational psychological services. be fully investigated. Also, necessary action should be taken by training counselors and psychologists in the relevant centers and using positive thinking training to improve the quality of the parent-child relationship and the adaptation of adolescents in order to increase the mental health of adolescents and improve their academic performance.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Individual-Social Adjustment
- Quality of Parent-Child Relationship
- Positive Thinking
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