Abasi, E., Fti, L., Molodi, R., & Zarabi, H. (2012). Psychometric properties of Persian Version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire –II. Psychological Methods and Models, 3(2), 65-80. https://jpmm.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_61.html [Persian]
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction 20, 1537-1545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Arditte Hall, K. A., Davison, E. H., Galovski, T. E., Vasterling, J. J., & Pineles, S. L. (2019). Associations between trauma-related rumination and symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in treatment-seeking female veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(2), 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22385
Bakhshaie, J., Zvolensky, M. J., Allan, N., Vujanovic, A. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015). Differential effects of anxiety sensitivity components in the relation between emotional non-acceptance and post-traumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed treatment-seeking smokers. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 44(3), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2015.1004191
Basharpoor, S., Shafiei, M., & Daneshvar, S. (2015). The comparison of experimental avoidance, mindfulness and rumination in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an Iranian sample.
Archives of psychiatric nursing,
29(5), 279-283.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2015.05.004 [Persian]
Batten, S. V., Orsillo, S. M., & Walser, R. D. (2005). Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety: Conceptualization and treatment, 241-269. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25989-9_10
Birrer, E., & Michael, T. (2011). Rumination in PTSD as well as in traumatized and nontraumatized depressed patients: A cross-sectional clinical study.
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(4), 381-397.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465811000087
Bishop, L. S., Ameral, V. E., & Palm Reed, K. M. (2018). The impact of experiential avoidance and event centrality in trauma-related rumination and posttraumatic stress. Behavior modification, 42(6), 815-837. https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455177472
Boelen, P. A., & Lenferink, L. I. (2018). Experiential acceptance and trait-mindfulness as predictors of analogue post-traumatic stress. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 91(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12138
Boks, M. P., van Mierlo, H. C., Rutten, B. P., Radstake, T. R., De Witte, L., Geuze, E., ... & Vermetten, E. (2015). Longitudinal changes of telomere length and epigenetic age related to traumatic stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 51, 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.011
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., ... & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior therapy, 42(4), 676-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
Borders, A., Rothman, D. J., & McAndrew, L. M. (2015). Sleep problems may mediate associations between rumination and PTSD and depressive symptoms among OIF/OEF veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(1), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036937
Brem, M. J., Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2018). Does experiential avoidance explain the relationships between shame, PTSD symptoms, and compulsive sexual behaviour among women in substance use treatment? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(5), 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2300
Brown, W. J., Hetzel-Riggin, M. D., Mitchell, M. A., & Bruce, S. E. (2021). Rumination mediates the relationship between negative affect and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in female interpersonal trauma survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13), 6418-6439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518818434
Carmassi, C., Foghi, C., Dell'Oste, V., Cordone, A., Bertelloni, C. A., Bui, E., & Dell'Osso, L. (2020). PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: What can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic?
Psychiatry Research, 292, 113312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113312
Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., ... & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 15-26. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30078-X/fulltext
Conway, M., Csank, P. A., Holm, S. L., & Blake, C. K. (2000). On assessing individual differences in rumination on sadness. Journal of personality assessment, 75(3), 404-425. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7503_04
Cox, R. C., & Olatunji, B. O. (2017). Linking attentional control and PTSD symptom severity: The role of rumination. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 46(5), 421-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1286517
Duncan, L. A., Schaller, M., & Park, J. H. (2009). Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument.
Personality and Individual differences, 47(6), 541-546.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.001
Dunhill, F., Mondillon, L., & Navel, V. (2021). PTSD as the second tsunami of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Psychological medicine, 51(10), 1773-1774. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001336
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 38(4), 319-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
Figueredo, J. M., García-Ael, C., & Topa, G. (2022). Perception of Vulnerability and Ruminant Thoughts about COVID-19 in Spanish Students. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(10), 1463-1470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12100101
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20-35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20
Gerhart, J., Vaclavik, E., Lillis, T. A., Miner, J., McFadden, R., & O'Mahony, S. (2018). A daily diary study of posttraumatic stress, experiential avoidance, and emotional lability among inpatient nurses. Psycho-Oncology, 27(3), 1068-1071. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4531
Goodarzi, M. A. (2003). Evaluating Reliability and Validity of the Mississipi Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Shiraz. Journal of Psychology, 7(3), 153-167. https://www.academia.edu/29106443/Evaluating_reliability_and_validity_of_the_Mississippi_scale_for_post_traumatic_stress_disorder_in_shiraz [Persian]
Hayes, S. C., Levin, M., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy, 44, 180-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 64(6), 1152 -1168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
Henschel, A. V., Williams, J. L., & Hardt, M. M. (2021). The role of experiential avoidance and emotion regulation in DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 26(6), 527-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1841506
Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A. K., & Zhou, X. P. (2020). Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao dong Wei sheng zhi ye Bing za zhi, 38, 192-195. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063
Karimi, N., Yaryari, F., & Shahgholian, M. (2022). The Relationship between PTSD and Sluggish cognitive tempo in individuals with ADHD Symptoms: Child Abuse and Experience Avoidance.
Journal of Applied Psychology,
16(1), 70-47.
https://doi.org/10.52547/APSY.2021.223867.1159 [Persian]
Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988). Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: three studies in reliability and validity.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(1), 85-96.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.85
Khorsandi, R. , Hadianfard, H. , Goodarzi, M. A. , & Mohammadi, N. (2013). The Role of Self-Rumination, Self-Reflection and Their Private and Public Dimensions in Depression. Psychological Achievements, 20(1), 39-60. https://psychac.scu.ac.ir/article_11756.html?lang=en
Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9f61/4aefcc38de8aa425a190560055dff40fabed.pdf
Laubmeier, K. K., & Zakowski, S. G. (2004). The role of objective versus perceived life threat in the psychological adjustment to cancer.
Psychology & Health, 19(4), 425-437.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0887044042000196719
Magallares, A., Fuster-Ruiz De Apodaca, M. J., & Morales, J. F. (2017). Psychometric properties and criterion validity of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (PVD) in the Spanish population/ Propiedades psicométricas y validez de criterio de la escala de Percepción de Vulnerabilidad a la Enfermedad (PVE en población española). Revista de Psicología Social, 32(1), 164-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2016.1248025
Mansouri, A., Bakhshipour Roodsari, A., Mahmood Alilou, M., Farnam, A., & Fakhari, A. (2011). The comparison of worry, obsession and rumination in individual with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Major Depression Disorder and normal individual. Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(4), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.22051/PSY.1970.1535 [Persian]
Meiser-Stedman, R., Dalgleish, T., Glucksman, E., Yule, W., & Smith, P. (2009). Maladaptive cognitive appraisals mediate the evolution of posttraumatic stress reactions: A 6-month follow-up of child and adolescent assault and motor vehicle accident survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), 778-787. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016945
Meli, L., Kautz, M., Julian, J., Edmondson, D., & Sumner, J. A. (2018). The role of perceived threat during emergency department cardiac evaluation and the age-posttraumatic stress disorder link. Journal of behavioral medicine, 41(3), 357-363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9904-5
Michael, T., Halligan, S. L., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2007). Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20228
Moradi-motlagh, M., Nainian, M., Fata, L., Gholami-fesharaki, M., Ghaedi, G. (2020). Factor structure, psychometric properties of the Persian version of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire. Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 8(3), 199-209. https://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-1350-en.html [Persian]
Morina, N. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in psychological functioning after war-related stress in Kosovar civilians. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(8), 697-700. https://doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31811f44a6
Moulds, M. L., Bisby, M. A., Wild, J., & Bryant, R. A. (2020). Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 101910. https://doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101910
Muris, P., Roelofs, J., Rassin, E., Franken, I., & Mayer, B. (2005). Mediating effects of rumination and worry on the links between neuroticism, anxiety and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(6), 1105-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.005
Nagulendran, A., & Jobson, L. (2020). Exploring cultural differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies in posttraumatic stress disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1729033. https:// doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1729033
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424. https:// doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x.
Orcutt, H. K., Reffi, A. N., & Ellis, R. A. (2020). Experiential avoidance and PTSD. In Emotion in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (pp. 409-436). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816022-0.00014-4
Osagiator Ariyo, J., Akinnawo, E. O., Akpunne, B. C., Kumuyi, D. O., & Onisile, D. F. (2022). An Investigation of Associations and Incidence of Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Vulnerability to Diseases, and Fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian Health Care Workers. Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 10(1), e114746. https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.114746
Park, C. L., Cohen, L. H., & Murch, R. L. (1996). Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth. Journal of Personality, 64, 71-105. https:// doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00815.x.
Park, T., Ju, I., Ohs, J. E., & Hinsley, A. (2021). Optimistic bias and preventive behavioral engagement in the context of COVID-19. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1859-1866. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.004
Pasha, S., Nasri, S., & Molaei, M. (2021). Investigating the Psychometric Properties of the Covid-19 Traumatic Stress Scale (CTSS) in Iranian Society. Journal of Applied Psychology, 15(2), 295-273. https:// doi: 10.52547/APSY.2021.221868.1043 [Persian]
Philippi, C. L., Pessin, S., Reyna, L., Floyd, T., & Bruce, S. E. (2020). Cortical midline structures associated with rumination in women with PTSD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 131, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.001
Pickett, S. M., Bardeen, J. R., Orcutt, H. K. (2011). Experiential a Voidance as a moderator of the relationship between behavior inhibition system sensitivity and posttraumatic stress symptom. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 25(8), 1038-1046. https:// doi. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.06.013
Reyes, A. T., Song, H., Bhatta, T. R., & Kearney, C. A. (2022). Exploring the relationships between resilience, mindfulness, and experiential avoidance after the use of a mindfulness‐and acceptance‐based mobile app for posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(2), 776-784. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12848
Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health education monographs, 2(4), 328-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403
Schaller, M., & Park, J. H. (2011). The behavioral immune system (and why it matters). Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(2), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411402596
Skinner, T. C., Roberton, T., Allison, G. T., Dunlop, S., & Bucks, R. S. (2010). Experiential avoidance, mindfulness and depression in spinal cord injuries: A preliminary study. Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 16(1), 27-35. https:// doi: 10.1375/ jrc.16.1.27
Shameli, L. , Bahramara, Z. , Mohammadi, M. , & Hadianfard, H. (2022). The Relationship between Childhood Maltreatment and Mental Health with the Mediation of Experiential Avoidance in Girl Students. Psychological Achievements, 29(1), 57-78. doi: 10.22055/psy.2022.39038.2756
Speckens, A. E. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Ruths, F. A., & Clark, D. M. (2007). Intrusive memories and rumination in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A phenomenological comparison. Memory, 15(3), 249-257. https:// doi: 10.1080/09658210701256449
Stangier, U., Kananian, S., & Schüller, J. (2021). Perceived vulnerability to disease, knowledge about COVID-19, and changes in preventive behavior during lockdown in a German convenience sample. Current Psychology, 1-9. https:// doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01456-6
Walser, R. D., & Westrup, D. (2007). Acceptance & commitment therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma-related problems: A practitioner’s guide to using mindfulness and acceptance strategies. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. https://www.amazon.com/Acceptance-Commitment-Treatment-Post-Traumatic-TraumaRelated/dp/1608823334
Wang, Y. X., Guo, H. T., Du, X. W., Song, W., Lu, C., & Hao, W. N. (2020). Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder of nurses exposed to corona virus disease 2019 in China. Medicine, 26, e20965. https:// doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020965
Williams, J. L., Hardt, M. M., Henschel, A. V., & Eddinger, J. R. (2019). Experiential avoidance moderates the association between motivational sensitivity and prolonged grief but not posttraumatic stress symptoms. Psychiatry Research, 273, 336-342. https://doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.020. Epub 2019 Jan 7
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., ... & Hoven, C. W. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302-311. https:// doi: 10.1177/070674370905400504.
Zare, M. M, Baghooli, H., Kazemi, S., & Javidi, H. (2020). Comparion of experiential avoidance in war veterans suffering post trumatic stress disorder with depression, anxiety syndrom and normal. Journal of Psychological Science. 19(89), 629-637. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-530-en.html [Persian]
Zhou, X., Wu, X., & Zhen, R. (2017). Assessing the latent structure of DSM-5 PTSD among Chinese adolescents after the Ya'an earthquake. Psychiatry Research, 254, 33-39. https://doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.029. Epub 2017 Apr 19.