رابطه علی سرشت و منش با نشانه‌های درونی و بیرونی‌سازی شده نوجوانان با نقش میانجی تنظیم شناختی هیجان

رجبی مرندیان, سهیلا; طالب زاده شوشتری, مرضیه; جایروند, حمداله

doi:10.22055/psy.2023.43950.3056

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش‌آموخته دکتری روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی عمومی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

² استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

10.22055/psy.2023.43950.3056

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه سرشت و منش با نشانه‌های درونی‌سازی شده و بیرونی‌سازی شده نوجوانان با میانجی‌گری تنظیم شناختی هیجان بود. این پژوهش همبستگی و جامعه آماری شامل دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر مقطع دوم متوسطه شهرستان اندیمشک بود. نمونه شامل 326 نفر (165 دختر و 161 پسر) بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مقیاس خودسنجی نوجوانان (Achenbach et al.)، پرسشنامه شخصیتی سرشت و منش (Cloninger et al.) و راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان (et al. Garnefski) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که برای هر دو مسیر غیرمستقیم اثر سرشت و منش بر نشانه‌های درونی‌سازی شده از طریق تنظیم هیجان مثبت و منفی مورد تایید قرارگرفت. همچنین، دو مسیر غیرمستقیم اثر سرشت و منش بر نشانه‌های بیرونی‌سازی شده از طریق تنظیم هیجان مثبت و منفی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. براساس یافته‌های به دست آمده از این پژوهش می‌توان گفت که راهبردهای مثبت و منفی تنظیم‌شناختی هیجان با اثرگذاری بر ابعاد سرشت و منش شخصیت، موجب بروز و یا تدوام مشکلات رفتاری درونی و بیرونی‌سازی شده نوجوانان می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Causal Relationship of Temperament and Character Dimension with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms via Mediation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Adolescents

نویسندگان [English]

Sohaila Rajabi Marandian ¹
marzieh talebzadeh ²
Hamdaleh Jairvand ²

¹ PhD Student, Department of General Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Adolescence encompasses a developmental period with significant neurobiological changes, often associated with intense emotions or feelings, reward-seeking, and risk-taking. While bringing new experiences, these changes also present risks (Liew et al., 2023). Clinical psychologists usually divide the emotional and behavioral disorders of adolescents into two categories: internal and externalized disorders. Internalizing disorders are over-controlled symptoms directed inward, and externalizing disorders are under-controlled symptoms directed outward (Ganji, 2022). Personality dimensions are the factors that play a fundamental role in the ethology of internalized (Ahola et al., 2023) and externalizing symptoms (Abdol-mohammadi et al., 2021). According to Cloninger's psychobiological model, personality comprises two dimensions: temperament and character. The temperament dimensions are hereditary and are stable throughout life and in the later stages of individuals.
In contrast, the character dimension includes self-conscious emotions that develop throughout life (Cloninger et al., 1993). On the other hand, one of the factors affecting emotional-behavioral disorders is the presence of some kind of disorder in emotional regulation (Fernandes et al., 2023). Zagaria et al. (2023) found that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with emotional behavioral disorders and adaptive strategies are associated with emotional-behavioral health. Therefore, the main of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescent boys and girls in Andimeshk City.

Method
The research method was a correlational structural equation model. The statistical population comprised all the male and female students in the second grade of high school in Andimshek City in 2020-2021. A sample of 326 people (165 girls and 161 boys) were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered the Youth Self-Report questionnaire, which contains 112 items. The test-retest reliability of this questionnaire was reported to be 0.82, and the internal consistency of each subscale was reported between 0.55 and 0.75 (Aschenbach & Rescorella, 2001). The temperament and Character Inventory contains 125 items and measures four dimensions of temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward Dependence, Persistence) and three dimensions of character (Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, self-transcendence). Reliability was obtained for temperament 0.77 and character 0.81 (Cloninger et al., 1994), and the Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire contains 36 items. The reliability of this questionnaire was for positive, negative, and total strategies 0.91, 0.87, and 0.93, respectively. (Garnefski et al., 2001). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and structural equation model in SPSS24, AMOS/18 software, and the Sobet test.

Results
The results showed that for both indirect paths of the effect of temperament and character on internalized and externalized symptoms through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation, zero is outside the confidence interval (lower limit and upper limit), and the obtained significant level is less than 0.05. Also, for both indirect paths of the effect of temperament and character on externalized symptoms through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation, zero is outside the confidence interval (lower limit and upper limit), and the obtained significant level is less than 0.05. Therefore, two indirect effects are significant and confirmed.

Discussion
The results of the present study showed that positive and negative

strategies of cognitive emotion regulation mediate the relationship between temperament and character on the internalized and externalized symptoms. An individual's choice of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and their regulatory effectiveness depends on their traits. Positive and negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, due to their adaptive and maladaptive nature, each lead to the intensification or suppression of negative emotion or the increase of positive emotions, which, in turn, leads to conscious and unconscious emotional, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in response to stressful environmental stimuli, depending on personality dimensions, and as a result, will make the adolescent susceptible to internalized and externalized symptoms. Overall, considering the findings of this study, it is recommended that clinics and educational counseling centers use the findings of this
Zagaria et al. (2023) found that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with emotional behavioral disorders and adaptive strategies are associated with emotional-behavioral health. Therefore, the main of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescents in Andimeshk City.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

cognitive emotion regulation
Internalizing/Externalizing
Temperament and character

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دست‌آوردهای روان‌شناختی

رابطه علی سرشت و منش با نشانه‌های درونی و بیرونی‌سازی شده نوجوانان با نقش میانجی تنظیم شناختی هیجان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32
دی 1403
صفحه 395-418

رابطه علی سرشت و منش با نشانه‌های درونی و بیرونی‌سازی شده نوجوانان با نقش میانجی تنظیم شناختی هیجان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32دی 1403صفحه 395-418

دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32
دی 1403
صفحه 395-418