Psychological Achievements

Abstract The objectives of this article are to investigate about the introduction of school bullying, prevalence of this phenomenon in Ahvaz, and answering the question of: Can information about personality, parental child-rearing practices and some school variables discriminate bullies, victims and normal students and predict them? In the first phase of sampling 32 girls’ and 32 boys’ guidance schools were randomly selected from all guidance schools in Ahvaz. In the second phase, for analyzing data, 69 bullies, 63 victims and 152 normal boys and girls were randomly selected. The Children’s Depression Scale, Anxiety Questionnaire, Coopersrnith’s Self-Esteem scale, and Winterbottom’s ChildRearing scale were used to measure the variables. The results indicate that from 13072 students 726 (5/6%)boys and 1359 (11/34%) girls were bullies. Also 614 (4/7%) boys and 1140 (9/5%) girls were victims. The discrirninant analysis results show two discrirninant functions, only one of which was significant. This first tunction discriminates between groups of bullies, victims and normal students. In the first function, the maximum variance was explained by grade-point average, in discriminating among groups. In the second function, Caring (a domain in Child- Rearing scale) explained the most variance, in discriminating between groups. The group centroids show that, in the first function, bullies and normal students were at the two extremes, and victims were in the middle. The bullies were twice more than the normal students discriminated. In short, the three groups were separated by the first tunction. whereas the second function hardly separates them.
 

Abstract The objective of this study was construction and validation of a questionnaire for the measurement of migraine headache symptoms in the general population. Using factor analysis, a 25-item questionnaire entitled Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire (AMQ) was constructed. The psychometric characteristics of AMQ (including test-retest reliability, internal consistency and validity coefficients) were found to be very satisfactory. The prevalence of migraine headache symptoms as well as their percentile ranks were assessed for female and male subjects The sample included 382 undergraduate students from Shahid Chamran and Ahvaz Islamic Open Universities (mean age 23.09 and sd=3.44 years). According to the findings of this study, migraine headache symptoms are very prevalent among 15% of the subjects. No significant difference was found between female and male subjects with respect to their scores on AMQ. The author suggests that more studies are required to further examine the psychometric charactersitics ot MHQ in other settings.
 

Abstract This study was conducted to find out the differences between four groups of Ahvaz primary, Guidance school, and teachers’ training school students regarding their moral judgment. The sample consisted of 480 students (each group consisting of 120 Ss). The Defining Issues Test (DIT) was used to measure moral judgment. It was hypothesized that there was significant differences in moral judgment of the four subject groups. Analysis of variance was used as the statistical method to test the hypotheses. The results supported the research hypotheses.
 

Abstract Although the coinage of term Bibliometrics is fairly recent, its usage and practice can be traced back to the 1890’s. Bibliometrics has been used vastly as a quantitaive method for evaluating the literature in different disciplines, particularly in the last two decades. This article is intended to review Biblioliometrics, and define three similar and somtimes identical methods to it: librarmetry, scientometrics and informetrics. The distinctions between Bibliometrics and the three methods will also be defined.

Abstract The present research has compared the academic performance and affective-social adjustment of the 6 and 7 year old first grade male and female students ot the elementary schools of Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 60 male and 60 female students horn in the month of Mehr 1366 (7-year old), and 60 male and 60 female students born in the month of Shahrivar 1367 (6-year old) selected randomly. The measurement of academic performance included the scores in mathematics, reading, and dictation. The affective-social adjustment was measured with the Adjustment Behavior Questionnaire. The students’ intelligence was controlled. The findings showed no significant difference between the school pertormance or attective-social adjustment ot the comparison groups. thus contirmrng the research hypotheses.

Abstract Due to the ever-increasing amount of publications throughout the world the late 20th century has been called the ‘information era”. Development is based on research and research mainly depends on access to information. Due to a variety of problems, deVeloping countries’ contribution to the production of scientific and technical publications is trivial. Developing countries encounter many problems in meeting their information needs; among these problems, inadequate skilled personnel, lack of information infra-structure, lack of fund and language problems are of significance. However, the attitudes of governing bodies of these countries play a vital role in this respect. Due to the importance as well as the wide range of these barriers, developing countries must devise short-term and long-term plans. This article attempts to discuss the present situation of developing countries in terms of diffusion and dissemination of information and finally suggest how to solve the existing problems.

Abstract The this research is concerned with the retrospective investigation of demographic characteristics of suicidial cases recorded in Razi & Ayat-ullah Talegani Hospitals in Ahwaz City from 1992-1996. The research sample consists of 927 cases in mentioned years (including 677 women & 250 men). Seven hypotheses were examined in present research. The main results are as follow: 1. The mean age of suicide is about 25 to 26 years. As a topic no sex differences were observed. But the mean age of suicide in single persons are significantly lower than married persons.
2. The suicide rate among uneducated persons in comparison with educated persons was significantly higher.
3. The most common method of suicide in Khouzestan province are self-burning & self-poisoning respectively, but there weren’t any sex differences.
4. The suicide rate in cities are higher than in villages.
                     
 

Abstract In this paper the importance of studying historical foundations of education has been explained and also it is maintained that for modern or scientific history the main task of a historian is to discover the meanings of past events. Interpreting and exploring the meanings of events are based on the patterns and paradigms accepted and exploited by the historian. In this article some of these patterns or paradigms which have been used in the realm of history of education, are examined. Amongst them are: the utilitarian and feministic patterns, the paradigms concerned with the study of history from below and the analytical study of history, the pattern of history serving educational administrators and that of history of education for improving world peace, the pattern dealing wtih comparative history and the study of non- organizational behavior, and finally, the paradigms for studing historical continuities and that of studying history based on the theory of “the end of history”.
What has been suggested is not to restrict the research in this domain to only one of these patterns, since, as some critics believe, this will put the history on some theoretic path non realistically. The suggestion is to use these approaches of interpreting past educational events appropriately.
 
 

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