Clinical Psychology
Ameneh Dashti; Yadollah Zargar
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Suicidal ideation increases the risk of levels of suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study this complex and multifactorial phenomenon in non-clinical samples, especially women. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of suicidal ideation based on the ...
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AbstractIntroduction: Suicidal ideation increases the risk of levels of suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study this complex and multifactorial phenomenon in non-clinical samples, especially women. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of suicidal ideation based on the components of perceived stress and self-silencing, considering the mediator role of difficulty in emotion regulation in women. Method: Based on this, using multi-stage random sampling method, 350 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were selected as the sample. Participants completed the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSI), the Perceived Stress Inventory (PSQ), the Self-Silencing Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) with full knowledge and satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (AMOS-22 software) was used to evaluate the assumed relationships in the model and analyze the collected data. Result: According to the research results, all direct and indirect paths embedded in the model were significant and had an acceptable fit (p<0.001). In this research, the χ2 (df) was estimated as 0.13, which indicates the fit of the model with the data. Also, GFI, AGFI, and CFI indices were obtained as 0.94, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively, which indicates the acceptable fit of the model. Among the fit indices of RMSEA is the basis of acceptance or rejection of a hypothesized model, which was obtained as 0.05. Also, according to the multivariable regression analysis, the R value was equal to 0.237, which means that 23% of the variance of suicidal ideation can be predicted and explained by difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress, and self-silencing.Conclusion: Designing a model of suicidal ideation made it possible to examine the role and influence of difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress and self-silencing. Based on the findings of the present study, difficulty in emotion regulation has a positive and significant relationship with suicidal ideation in women.Difficulty in emotion regulation is a type of emotional vulnerability that predicts suicidal ideation. The relationship between perceived stress and difficulty in regulating emotion was another finding that was confirmed in this study. A stressful situation is defined as a situation where the demands expected of a person are greater than his ability to adapt. In fact, when dealing with stress, a person focuses on the stressful and problematic situation and the awareness of his emotions decreases. On the other hand, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies in conditions of intensified pressure and finally the ability of a person to manage his emotions decreases.Another assumed relationship of the proposed model in this research was the relationship between self- silencing and difficulty in emotion regulation. As expected, a direct relationship between self- silencing and difficulty in emotion regulation was confirmed. This means that the more self- silencing increases, the more difficult the emotion regulation process will be. The requirement of self- silencing is the suppression and denial of emotions, and this process is strengthened by ignoring oneself and giving priority to the desires, needs and emotions of others and getting attention and approval or maintaining relationships.These results mean that; Perceived stress, self-silencing, and difficulty in emotion regulating have a high predictive power for suicidal ideation in women. In addition, the findings suggest that predictor variables all predict a total of 23% variance of suicidal ideation.Key words: Suicidal Ideation, Perceived Stress, Self-silencing, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Structural Equation Modeling, Women
mahboobe mahmoodnejad; Ahmad Karbalaie Mohammad Meigooni; mehrdad sabet
Abstract
IntoductionChild labor is a prevalent global public health and human rights problem. Many children work to ensure the survival of their families and themselves. Furthermore, child labor today leads to poverty tomorrow: Child labor perpetuates poverty and results in intergenerational poverty traps. Yet, ...
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IntoductionChild labor is a prevalent global public health and human rights problem. Many children work to ensure the survival of their families and themselves. Furthermore, child labor today leads to poverty tomorrow: Child labor perpetuates poverty and results in intergenerational poverty traps. Yet, policies banning child labor, even if they can be implemented, might harm the welfare of children and their families rather than help. It puts children at risk for acute and chronic health problems and thwarts the right to freely choose economic opportunities. Economical abuse can best be defined as hiring a child for a work in which his rights are infringed, low payment is made, and his personal development is hindered. As expected, in a short span of time child workers have been employed in industries, which has led a disturbance in the physical, sensorial, kinesthetic, social, medical and moral development and his right for education has been disregarded. That has brought about children being prone to every threat, for they have adopted all the negative experiences and way of behaving in the work life. The short-term effects of childhood trauma include disruptions in interpersonal relationships and psychological problems. Moreover, childhood trauma may interfere with the development of emotional self-regulation, leaving children at risk for a number of negative outcomes including violence preparation. It is recognized that childhood trauma can lead to suicidal ideation and behavior. There is evidence that aggression and violence are important correlates of suicidal behavior. Childhood trauma and aggressive traits are considered risk factors for suicidal behavior. The aim of current study is prediction of suicidal ideation and interpersonal violence among labor children based on childhood trauma, emotion regulation difficulties and callous-unemotional traits. MethodThis study utilized a descriptive correlational design. The sample includes 150 person of 12-17-years-old labor children of Tehran, in Summer and autumn of 1395. All participants answered to the Suicide Cognitions Scale, State and Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Difficulties Scale and Callous-Unemotional Traits Inventory. ResultsData analysis through multivariate regression showed that lack of sympathy, limited access to emotion regulation strategies and neglect predict significantly suicidal ideation and callous, difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity and emotional abuse positively predict interpersonal violence. ConclusionsHence, it is proposed to focus on the environments in which these children grow, in particular their family environments, and on interactions between parents and children that may indicate negligence and insult to the child.
