alireza sharifi ardani; farhad khormaei; Mahboobeh Fouladchang; Masoud Fazilatpoor
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the most important tasks of the family is to socialize children, and the family provides the first social context for children. Parents can socialize their children emotionally by recognizing children's emotions, discussing the importance of emotions, modeling emotional behaviors, ...
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IntroductionOne of the most important tasks of the family is to socialize children, and the family provides the first social context for children. Parents can socialize their children emotionally by recognizing children's emotions, discussing the importance of emotions, modeling emotional behaviors, and Help to regulate the emotional atmosphere of the family. Therefore the aim of this study was to causal explaining the social skills of children based on the moral characters of parents with respect to the mediating role of coping styles with children's negative emotions.MethodThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. In the present study, the structural equation modeling method was used. In this study, the variables of parents coping styles with children's negative emotions, parents' moral backgrounds and children's social skills were measured as latent variables. Population included all parents of 84314 elementary school students in Yazd who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. In the present study, according to both statistical criteria of sample size and criteria of multivariate analysis, the number of 400 participants, including parents of elementary school students, were selected by cluster (multistage) random sampling method. In the present study Social skills questionnaire, parent’s coping with children’s negative emotions scale (CCNES) and moral characters questionnaire were used to collect data and were distributed among all study participants, of which 381 completed the questionnaires. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data by structural equation modeling with the partial least squares .ResultsFindings showed that the measurement model after correction has acceptable validity and reliability. Results of structural equations showed that the direct path of supportive coping styles with children's negative emotions to social skills is significant. The direct path of non supportive styles of dealing with emotion to social skills is significant; The direct path of moral character to social skills is significant; The direct path of moral character to the suportive parent’s coping with children’s non supportive emotions is not significant and the direct path moral character with non supportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions are significant Indication of the indirect path of moral character to social skills is not significant due to the mediating role of suportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions and Indirect path of moral origins to social skills are significant due to the mediating role of non supportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions . It showed that moral character, both directly and in a process by reducing the non supportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions can lead to the social skills in children.ConclusionFinding of this study suggests that positive moral character (affirmation of altruistic values and rejection of selfish values) can play a significant role in explaining how parents deal with their children's emotions and in some way affect their children's emotional socialization. Thus, the moral character of parents play a significant role in explaining the emotional socialization and social skills of children.
Educational Psychology
Fatemeh Bagheri Hosein Abadi; Naser Yoosefi
Abstract
Aim: The aim study was to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention based on motivational interview and metacognitive skills on academic procrastination, academic resilience and motivation for academic achievement in students with a history of dropping out of school. Method: The method ...
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Aim: The aim study was to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention based on motivational interview and metacognitive skills on academic procrastination, academic resilience and motivation for academic achievement in students with a history of dropping out of school. Method: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and quarterly follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all male high school students with a history of dropping out of school in Isfahan city. 30 students were selected by simple random sampling and replaced in experimental and control groups. Participants completed the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, the Academic Equality Questionnaire, and the Academic Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the integrated intervention based on motivational interview and metacognitive skills reduced academic procrastination and increased resilience and academic achievement motivation of students with a history of dropping out of school. Conclusion: The present study showed that the combination of two interventions of motivational interview and metacognitive skills has a favorable effect.Aim: The aim study was to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention based on motivational interview and metacognitive skills on academic procrastination, academic resilience and motivation for academic achievement in students with a history of dropping out of school. Method: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and quarterly follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all male high school students with a history of dropping out of school in Isfahan city. 30 students were selected by simple random sampling and replaced in experimental and control groups. Participants completed the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, the Academic Equality Questionnaire, and the Academic Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the integrated intervention based on motivational interview and metacognitive skills reduced academic procrastination and increased resilience and academic achievement motivation of students with a history of dropping out of school. Conclusion: The present study showed that the combination of two interventions of motivational interview and metacognitive skills has a favorable effect.Aim: The aim study was to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention based on motivational interview and metacognitive skills on academic procrastination, academic resilience and motivation for academic achievement in students with a history of dropping out of school. Method: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and quarterly follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all male high school students with a history of dropping out of school in Isfahan city. 30 students were selected by simple random sampling and replaced in experimental and control groups. Participants completed the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, the Academic Equality Questionnaire, and the Academic Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The
Saeed Ariapooran; Elham Rastgoo; Mahdi Abdolahzadeh Rafi
Abstract
IntroductionCaregiver’s mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities may experience psychological problems during the Covid-19 outbreak. Mothers of children with disabilities report more stress and psychological problems than normal children. Depression is one of the major ...
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IntroductionCaregiver’s mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities may experience psychological problems during the Covid-19 outbreak. Mothers of children with disabilities report more stress and psychological problems than normal children. Depression is one of the major problems of Caregiver’s mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. One of the most effective psychological trainings for mothers of children with intellectual disabilities is emotion training. Emotion regulation training has been effective for psychological problems, including depression in Caregiver’s mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Until the time of this study, no research has been done on the effectiveness of emotion regulation on depression in Caregiver’s mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. However, the relationship between emotion regulation and depression in the COVID-19 period has been confirmed. This study aimed to the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on depression symptoms in caregiver's mothers of children with intellectual disabilities in the outbreak of COVID-19.MethodThe research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in Razan city, Iran. In this study, 22 mothers with severe symptoms of depression were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The emotion regulation (Ariapooran, 2011) was trained for experimental group in 8 weekly sessions (90 Hs), and the control group did not receive any training during the sessions. Short form of depression inventory (Beck et al, 1974) was used to collect the data. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data.ResultsDescriptive results showed that 42.86 of mothers had symptoms of severe depression. The results showed that emotion regulation training was effective in reducing depression in caregiver’s mothers of children with severe and profound mental disabilities (p <0.05).DiscussionThe results showed a high mean hour of SB in children with ADHD during the COVID-19 outbreak; therefore, it is recommended that parents be educated about the negative consequences of SB. In addition, according to negative relationship between parents' interaction with children and exercise and physical activity in parents with a decrease in SB of ADHD children's, strengthening sports activities, especially home sports activities in COVID-19 conditions should be suggested, and it is better to provide the necessary education based on parent-child interaction. Due to the positive relationship between parental SB and SB in ADHD children, it is recommended that ways to manage SB for mothers be held as online or face-to-face workshops. Also, paying attention to psychological strategies to reduce CDA in mothers can be effective in their better management of ADHD children's SB.
Clinical Psychology
mozhgan fatemi; saeid bakhtiarpour; Reza Pasha; fariba hafezi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to model of predicting social anxiety according to parental psychological control and peer social support with the mediation of cognitive distortions in male and female students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and way analysis. The statistical population ...
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The present study was conducted to model of predicting social anxiety according to parental psychological control and peer social support with the mediation of cognitive distortions in male and female students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and way analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all first and second high school male and female students who were studying in academic year 2019-20. The statistical sample included 373 adolescents who were selected through clustered random sampling method. The applied questionnaires included Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire (PPCQ) (Soenens, Vansteenkiste, Luyten, 2010), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and Peer Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) (Procidano, Heller, 1983). The data analysis was conducted through way analysis. The results showed that parental psychological control, peer social support and cognitive distortions have significant relationship with social anxiety (p<0.01). Moreover, parental psychological control and peer social support have direct significant effect on the cognitive distortions and social anxiety (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of Bootstrap and Sobel test showed that cognitive distortions have significant mediation role in the relationship of parental psychological control and peer social support with social anxiety in male and female students (p<0.01). Finally, the model had an appropriate goodness of fit. Taking the significant mediation role of cognitive distortions into account, it is necessary for the clinical therapists to decrease the students cognitive distortions through applying cognitive techniques. The present study was conducted to model of predicting social anxiety according to parental psychological control and peer social support with the mediation of cognitive distortions in male and female students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and way analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all first and second high school male and female students who were studying in academic year 2019-20. The statistical sample included 373 adolescents who were selected through clustered random sampling method. The applied questionnaires included Social Anxiety Scale (CAS) (LaGreca, 1998), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire (PPCQ) (Soenens, Vansteenkiste, Luyten, 2010), Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDQ) (Hamamci, Büyüköztürk, 2004), and Peer Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) (Procidano, Heller, 1983). The data analysis was conducted through way analysis. The results showed that parental psychological control, peer social support and cognitive distortions have significant relationship with social anxiety (p<0.01). Moreover, parental psychological control and peer social support have direct significant effect on the cognitive distortions and social anxiety (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of Bootstrap and Sobel test showed that cognitive distortions have significant mediation role in the relationship of parental psychological control and peer social support with social anxiety in male and female students (p<0.01). Finally, the model had an appropriate goodness of fit. Taking the significant mediation role of cognitive distortions into account, it is necessary for the clinical therapists to decrease the students cognitive distortions through applying cognitive techniques.
eghbal zarei; maryam mobbasser; shiringol karimpour
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training anger management according to cognitive approach on the impulsivity in bully male students’. it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training anger management according to cognitive approach on the impulsivity in bully male students’. it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population included first high school bully male students in the city of Bandar Abbas in academic year 2-19-20. 30 bully male students were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 students). The experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute intervention sessions of training anger management according to cognitive approach (Shokouhi Yekta, Kakabaraei, 2017) during a month. 2 students from the experimental group and 3 from the control group went out of the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included Illinois Bullying Scale (IBS), and Barratt Impulsivity scale (BIS). The data from the study were analyzed through Mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. the results showed that training anger management according to cognitive approach has significant effect on the impulsivity in bully male students’ (p<0.001). according to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that training anger management according to cognitive-behavioral approach can be applied as an efficient method to decrease impulsivity in bully male students’ through focusing on anger management skills, practical techniques of anger management and cognitive self-teaching.
Ehsan Shahsavari Shirazi; Manijeh Shehniyailagh; Alireza Hajiyakhchali
Abstract
IntroductionSelf-hypnosis is simply a focused state of mindfulness that allows one to make the most of their mental capacities and abilities. In a final analysis, self - hypnosis is practically a tool that can be used to make better use of skills or techniques of self - control. All forms of hypnosis ...
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IntroductionSelf-hypnosis is simply a focused state of mindfulness that allows one to make the most of their mental capacities and abilities. In a final analysis, self - hypnosis is practically a tool that can be used to make better use of skills or techniques of self - control. All forms of hypnosis are actually self-hypnosis. Even in so-called hypnotic situations, it is the client who hypnotizes himself, another person, usually called a hypnotherapist, provides the right conditions and guides the client to the hypnotic trance. Self- hypnosis is a way in which people can focus on their mental content and use their imagination, mental imagery and thoughts to evoke certain emotions so that they can finally make changes in their behaviors and attitudes. In other words, in a state of hypnotic ecstasy, the person can change their inner world. Feelings, perceptions, and behaviors also change when a person is able to change their thoughts and their visual imagery that they normally engage with. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of self-hypnosis on attention and the pattern of electroencephalography in candidates for university entrance examination.MethodThe statistical population was all the clients who referred to the Mr. Karami counseling center in Shiraz, in 2019. The statistical sample consisted of 24 male students between 18 to 20 years old, who were selected from the counseling center using targeted sampling method. Then they were assigned into two groups of control (12 persons) and experimental group (12 persons) randomly. Research tools were Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Stroop Effect Test and Electroencephalography recorder. 10 self-hypnosis sessions for each subject in experimental group were done, over two weeks. During the interventions of experimental group, the control group was under the passage of time. In post-test, both groups were compared in terms of attention and Electroencephalographic patterns. The statistical data analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance at p < 0.05. SPSS software was used for data analysis.ResultsThe results of pre-test and post-test comparison showed that the effects of intervention on experimental group were significant. Therefore, it seems that self-hypnosis affects attention and the pattern of electroencephalography in candidates for university entrance examination. DiscussionDue to the effectiveness of self-hypnosis on attention and the pattern of electroencephalography in candidates for university entrance examination, self-hypnosis can be used in entrance exam preparation centers to improve the attention of candidates
Abdalkarim ghaneay; Masoud Shahbazi; Amin Koraei
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the combined treatment of acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral (ACT-CBT) on the temptation to use and prevent relapse in addicts representing Dezful addiction treatment centers.Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the combined treatment of acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral (ACT-CBT) on the temptation to use and prevent relapse in addicts representing Dezful addiction treatment centers.Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this study included all self-reported addicts to Dezful addiction treatment centers. To conduct the research, first two Dezful addiction treatment centers were selected and the research plan was justified for the managers of the centers, and they announced their readiness to cooperate in conducting the research. Using random sampling method, 30 self-reported addicts of these centers (15 people in each center) were selected and after performing the pre-test, based on the obtained scores, into two homogeneous groups (15 people tested and 15 witnesses). N) were divided. Then a meeting was held to explain the goals of the research and to attract their participation and obtain their informed consent to participate in the research. Inclusion criteria include willingness and satisfaction to participate in the study, masculinity, no acute or chronic psychological and psychiatric disorders, non-participation in parallel treatment during the study and exit criteria include non-cooperation, non-performance of homework provided In sessions and absences there were more than two sessions in treatment sessions. The experimental and control groups answered the tempting beliefs questionnaire and the return prediction scale in the pre-test stage. Then, the experimental group was trained by an experienced therapist (with 10 years of experience in training and treatment) in 10 sessions of 60 minutes (one session per week) based on the protocol of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment. The control group did not receive any treatment during this period. At the end of the treatment sessions, the experimental and control groups answered the tempting beliefs questionnaire and the return prediction scale again in the post-test and follow-up stages (two months later). In order to analyze the data, in this research, the following statistical methods have been used using SPSS-20 software:1. Descriptive statistics such as frequency table and percentage and column chart, mean and standard deviation. 2. Inferential statistics including Leon test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test and ANCOVA analysis of covariance.In addition, for all hypotheses, a significance level of = 0.05 has been considered.Results: The results showed that the combination of acceptance, commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on reducing the temptation to use and prevent relapse (desire and likelihood of use) in self-reported addicts in the experimental group compared to the control group. These results also remained in the follow-up phase.Conclusion: The results showed that the combination therapy of acceptance and cognitive-behavioral commitment is an effective strategy to reduce the temptation to use and prevent recurrence in self-reported addicts and can be used as an effective treatment.
maryam aghaei; amrollah ebrahimi; mojtaba ansari shahidi
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the cognitive fusion and alexitimia in the students with psychosomatic disorders. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the cognitive fusion and alexitimia in the students with psychosomatic disorders. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included secondary high school students with psychosomatic disorder in the town of Khomeini Shahr in academic year 2020-21. 37 students with the signs of psychosomatic disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 in the experimental and 19 in the control group). The experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention during two months. The applied questionnaires in this study included psychosomatic complaints scale (Takata, Sakara, 2004) and Cognitive fusion questionnaire (Gillanders et al, 2014) and alexitimia (Takata, Sakara, 2004) questionnaire (Bagby, Parker, Taylor, 1994). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has significant effect on the cognitive fusion and alexitimia in the students with psychosomatic disorder (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to decrease cognitive fusion and alexitimia of the students with psychosomatic disorder through mindful activities and attitudes and addressing feelings and problem-making emotions.The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the cognitive fusion and alexitimia in the students with psychosomatic disorders. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included secondary high school students with psychosomatic disorder in the town of Khomeini Shahr in academic year 2020-21. 37 students with the signs of psychosomatic disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 in the experimental and 19 in the control group). The experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention during two months. The applied questionnaires in this study included psychosomatic complaints scale (Takata, Sakara, 2004) and Cognitive fusion questionnaire (Gillanders et al, 2014) and alexitimia (Takata, Sakara, 2004) questionnaire (Bagby, Parker, Taylor, 1994). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has significant effect on the cognitive fusion and alexitimia in the students with psychosomatic disorder (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to decrease cognitive fusion and alexitimia of the students with psychosomatic disorder through mindful activities and attitudes and addressing feelings and problem-making emotions.
Educational Psychology
haleh badamian; Mohamad agha delavar pour; Nemat sotodeh Asl
Abstract
IntroductionE-learning as an alternative for classical education in class, enables student to access information without time limitation and geographical limitations (Al-Samarai, 2016). Although e-learning, makes interaction and active learning possible, but one of the challenges e-learning confronts ...
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IntroductionE-learning as an alternative for classical education in class, enables student to access information without time limitation and geographical limitations (Al-Samarai, 2016). Although e-learning, makes interaction and active learning possible, but one of the challenges e-learning confronts with them is the real level of learners' engagement in academic tasks and their real learning and academics achievement. Of course, from the start of e-learning formation, this issue has been a concern and also a constant contemplative question. But, in a recent year, by prevalence of coronavirus and thereby pervasiveness of e-learning, learners' academic engagement issue in online space has been questioned by custodians, parents, teachers, an all individuals involved in in education. So, the purpose of the present research is Developing the causal model of students' academic engagement in cyberspace based on parent's meta-emotions, Family Communication Patterns and academic emotions.MethodTherefore, the type of research in this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study includes all secondary school students in Tehran in 1300-1400, which according to Klein (2001) for each route can be selected 10-20 subjects, which according to the size of the population and the number of routes of the research model for research. The sample size is equal to 400 high school students, who were selected from the statistical population by available sampling. The instruments used were the Family Pattern Communication Questionnaire(RFCP), Rio & Tsang (AES), Swayne Bourne's Parents' Farahijani Perspective (SMEPS), Packran, Goetz, and Perry (2005). The obtained data were analyzed by structural equation method and PLS3 software.ResultsThe results showed that 38% of the changes in the variables of positive emotions and 23% of negative emotions are explained by the variables of communicative communication pattern, conformity communication pattern, Farahijani perspective of leadership, Farahijani perspective of consciousness. Also, 47% of the changes in the academic engagement variable are explained by the variables of conversational communication pattern, conformity communication model, Farahjani perspective of leadership, Farahjani view of consciousness, positive emotions and negative emotions. The value of Q2 related to the structure of positive emotions, negative emotions and academic engagement is 0.32, 0.13 and 0.27, respectively, which indicates the proper fit of the structural model and confirms the proper fit of the structural model of the research.ConclusionFrom the results of the present study, it is concluded that the academic performance of students in the context of duct space depends on a set of internal and external factors and to address the challenges of e-learning, a set of these factors should be considered.Keywords: Academic engagement, Cyberspace, parent's meta-emotions, Family Communication Patterns, academic emotions.
Rouhollah Shahabi
Abstract
The engagement of children in daily tasks and activities can play a major role in their cognitive development. Mothers can guide children in this process through parental scaffolding. Cognitive parental scaffolding has cultural nature and may lead to different outcomes in children from different cultures. ...
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The engagement of children in daily tasks and activities can play a major role in their cognitive development. Mothers can guide children in this process through parental scaffolding. Cognitive parental scaffolding has cultural nature and may lead to different outcomes in children from different cultures. Nevertheless, we haven’t an exact understanding of this concept among Iranian mothers; something which was addressed in this study. Method The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and ethnography method. A sample of 23 mothers with children aged 3-4 years was selected based on purposive snowball sampling. The required data were collected through non-participant observation. For this purpose, the mothers were asked to help their children in solving a puzzle according to the pattern, and the mother-child interaction was video recorded without the observer’s intervention. The study setting was the home of parents. In order to access the dominant maternal scaffolding pattern, the task was performed only once, with the mother being unaware of the task’s content prior to this single performance. The video files were transcribed and the content was analyzed in MAXQDA. Resultscarful observations of 23 videos of mother-child interactions while completing a puzzle led to the identification of 3,517 scaffolding related behaviors. After duplicates were removed, there remained 1,462 instance of which 90 primary codes, 14 level-2 sub-themes, six level-1 sub-themes, and three main themes were extracted. The results showed that dimensions of cognitive scaffolding in Iranian mothers included direct support (verbal and physical), expanded support (question and instructional), and emotional support (encouragement and approval). Based on the results, direct verbal and physical assistance (direct support), non-instructional questions (expended support), and repeated verbal praise (emotional support) during the tasks are the main styles of cognitive scaffolding in Iranian mothers. ConclusionThe general pattern of the parent-child relationship in Iranian families, emphasis of Iranian parents on excessive responsibility towards their children, their expectation of children to obey them, and excessive control over the learning processing of children can well explain the findings of this study. Also, the use of direct support as a dominant pattern of scaffolding in Iranian mothers can be attributed to historical events and what has happened to Iranian society. Iran has experienced much political and economic instability in its historical life and Iranian parents always have been concerned about their children in these historical instabilities. Therefore, in such context, the direct support of the mother is justified. The use of direct support by Iranian mothers can also be attributed to structural changes in the Iranian postmodern family. Now the average of family size in Iran is three, including father, mother and one child. It seems that living in single-child families, can affect parental support and facilitate direct cognitive scaffolding. The results of this study can be used cognitive development’s programs of Iranian children. The task dependence of parental cognitive scaffolding is a consideration that must be taken into account when interpreting the results of this study.
Clinical Psychology
Shirin Pouladi; Mohammad Mehdi Hasanshahi; Mohammad Rabiei; Naser Baghery
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Unified Transdiagnostic treatment on improving emotional regulation and symptoms of DMDD disorder. The present study was a single case pilot design of multiple baseline designs with different subjects that were performed on 3 patients (8,9,10 years) in 15 ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of Unified Transdiagnostic treatment on improving emotional regulation and symptoms of DMDD disorder. The present study was a single case pilot design of multiple baseline designs with different subjects that were performed on 3 patients (8,9,10 years) in 15 sessions with Two follow-up periods of 2 months. Data were analyzed using visual drawing methods, stable change index, and recovery percentage. The instruments used included an Emotion Regulation Checklist and the affective reactivity Index. The obtained findings showed that for all three children with a disruptive mood disorder, Unified Transdiagnostic treatment reduced negative emotions, increased positive emotions, Adaptive Emotion Regulation, and improved the symptoms of disruptive mood disorder in the intervention phase and therapeutic achievements were maintained in two 2-month follow-up periods. The results showed the effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic treatment in the affective reactivity Index and emotion regulation subscales in these children. It can be concluded that unified transdiagnostic treatment can be effective in the improvement of symptoms of DMDD disorder and the emotional regulation of children with DMDD. Therefore, the use of this method is recommended by experts in this field.Compared with the diagnostic criteria of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) and research on comorbidities, research on the treatment of DMDD is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Unified Transdiagnostic treatment on improving emotional regulation and symptoms of DMDD disorder. The present study was a single case pilot design of multiple baseline designs with different subjects that were performed on 3 patients (8,9,10 years) in 15 sessions with Two follow-up periods of 2 months. Data were analyzed using visual drawing methods, stable change index, and recovery percentage. The instruments used included an Emotion Regulation Checklist and the affective reactivity Index. The obtained findings showed that for all three children with a disruptive mood disorder, Unified Transdiagnostic treatment reduced negative emotions, increased positive emotions, Adaptive Emotion Regulation, and improved the symptoms of disruptive mood disorder in the intervention phase and therapeutic achievements were maintained in two 2-month follow-up periods. Based on the results of this research, child therapists can use this effective treatment protocol to help regulate emotions and improve the symptoms of children with disruptive mood disorder.
Educational Psychology
sara Dibazar; Zeynab Sabouri; leila mirzaei; Raziye Saffarifard; zahra naghsh
Abstract
Introduction Various factors are effective in the all-round growth and development of students, however, one of the factors that can play a very effective role in improving their academic performance is academic engagement in educational activities (Thomas and Allen, 2021; Jack, 2016) Bugby, Beck, Ferrier ...
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Introduction Various factors are effective in the all-round growth and development of students, however, one of the factors that can play a very effective role in improving their academic performance is academic engagement in educational activities (Thomas and Allen, 2021; Jack, 2016) Bugby, Beck, Ferrier and Aria (2019). Various factors are effective in the occurrence of academic engagement in students, among which academic self-confidence can be mentioned. It can be said that the existence of self-confidence in students is related to their greater academic engagement (Geoffrey, Borella and Mamarella, 2017). In this regard, the existence of academic self-confidence can affect the attitude towards the future career and academic engagement in students. An important factor that Academic resilience affects both the academic self-confidence and the attitude towards the future career in students and leads to an increase in academic engagement in them. Considering the importance and basic role of students in the development of society and considering the various problems and issues that students face in the educational environment, it is felt necessary to plan to eliminate their lack of motivation and lack of self-confidence. In this way, the aim of the present study was to examine the fit of the mediator role model of academic resilience in the relationship between academic self-confidence and attitude towards the future career with academic engagement in the students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz.MethodThe method of the current research was a description of structural equation modeling; in which the relationship between the variables was investigated in the form of path analysis.The statistical population consisted of all the students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2018-2019. 202 students were selected as samples. Then, the research questionnaires were given to the subjects to answer. In this research, the following tools were used. Rio academic occupation questionnaires; Nouri, Jafari and Saadatmand's academic self-confidence; The attitude towards the career future of Hassanlou, Hassannejad and Khazaei Pool and Samuels' academic resilience were distributed among them. The evaluation of the proposed model was done using the path analysis method. Bootstrap test was used to measure indirect relationships.ResultsThe results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all research variables at the level of p>0.01. In the path of academic self-confidence to academic engagement (β=0.066), which was not statistically significant at the level of p>0.05. The relationship was excluded, so this hypothesis was not confirmed. The path of attitude towards future career to academic engagement (β=0.185) which was statistically significant at p<0.01 level and this hypothesis was confirmed. In the path of academic self-confidence to academic resilience (β=0.301), which was statistically significant at the p<0.01 level, and this hypothesis was confirmed. In the path of attitude towards future career to academic resilience (β=0.492), which was statistically significant at the level of p<0.01, and this hypothesis was confirmed. In the path of academic resilience to academic engagement (β=0.350), which was statistically significant at the p<0.01 level, and this hypothesis was also confirmed.Discussion and conclusionThe results showed that all the direct paths except the path of academic self-confidence were significant with academic engagement. Indirect paths were also significant through academic resilience and academic engagement. Based on the results of this research, the proposed model has a good fit and is considered an important step in the direction of knowing the effective factors in students' academic engagement and motivation, considering that the presented conceptual model had a good fit, it can be considered as an innovation. and considered a new scientific finding that can be effective in the prevention and treatment of academic failure.
Clinical Psychology
maryam setayesh; mohammad hatami; hassan ahmadi
Abstract
IntroductionThe global epidemic of corona virus has attracted widespread attention around the world. In this disease, most patients experience symptoms of fever and respiratory problems. Recently, several unusual manifestations such as gastrointestinal complications, heart accidents, kidney failure and ...
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IntroductionThe global epidemic of corona virus has attracted widespread attention around the world. In this disease, most patients experience symptoms of fever and respiratory problems. Recently, several unusual manifestations such as gastrointestinal complications, heart accidents, kidney failure and neurological defects have been reported. Concerns about the impact of the virus' epidemic on people's mental health have led to psychological damage such as anxiety and depression. Corona virus causes a lot of stress and anxiety among patients and patients recovered from Corona Virus to its high physiological effect and also the wide pandemic power, because the patients of this disease are exposed to re-infection and also the persistent complications of the disease such as lung and respiratory problems are exposed to stress and There is a lot of anxiety that this process leads to a decrease in their anxiety tolerance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectivness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the self-efficacy perceived and self-care behaviors of people with coronary heart disease.MethodThe present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of this study included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center of Madain Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020. The statistical population included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center of Madayen Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020. 34 Patient with coronary heart disease were selected through voluntarily and purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 patients in the experimental group and 16 patients in the control group). The experimental group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy during One and a half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1982) and Self-Care Questionnaire (Galiana et al, 2015). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated Mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software.ResultsThe results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy has significant effect on the self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of the cardiac people with coronary heart disease. In addition, the results showed that the effect acceptance and commitment therapy was stable on the self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of the cardiac people with coronary heart disease with follow-up stage. Carefully in the descriptive findings, it was found that acceptance and commitment therapy incearce self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of the cardiac people with coronary heart disease the post-test and follow-up stages.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an efficient intervention to improve self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of the people with coronary heart disease through employing techniques such as six main processes including psychological acceptance, context self, communication with the present time, values and committed action.
Cancer Psychological
lila orang; hayede saberi; afsaneh taheri
Abstract
Elderly is a process that is genetically visible during the life of the life of living things and the decrease in the organism over time, which reduces the activities of the organs of the body. Although it is not an aging of the disease and most of the elderly can be seen in other age groups, however, ...
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Elderly is a process that is genetically visible during the life of the life of living things and the decrease in the organism over time, which reduces the activities of the organs of the body. Although it is not an aging of the disease and most of the elderly can be seen in other age groups, however, the elderly process is facilitating physical diseases, including cancer. The formation of tumors becomes. These cells grow very rapidly and usually cause severe pain by pressing on healthy tissues and nerve fibers and blocking fluid flow in the body and disrupting the activity of the organs.Method: The present semi-experimental research design was used with pre-test-then-test with the control group. The research community is all of the 60 to 75 -year -olds residing in Tehran in 1399 who have diagnosed Stage 1 and 2 cancer, of which 30 elderly women who referred to medical centers for treatment. The semi -trial design was used to perform the effectiveness of the emotion therapy. The pre -test was first implemented and then accidentally performed in one of the two experimental groups of excitement treatment, and the control group received no training and was implemented at the end of the post -test training. Research Criteria Over 60 years old, getting cancer diagnosis, mental consciousness, lack of participation in another therapeutic program, and wanting to cooperate, elderly with cancer, tendency to attend intervention and exit criterion unwilling to participate in intervention And the lack of criteria for entry was. The selected sample was accessible and random selection into two groups of tests and certificates. Coronbach's alpha -alpha was used for data analysis using conventional descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inference (covariance analysis).Results: The results of the study showed that the emotional intervention package was able to significantly increase mental compatibility with cancer. In addition, the excitement intervention package was followed up after the post -test execution, and the results showed that there was no tangible post -test change after two months.Discussion: Therefore, excitement -based treatment with recovery past experiences and changing the meaningful meanings of any experience has a corrective training for stabilized emotional strategies that enhance the use of efficient and positive strategies and better adaptation to the disease by breaking the inefficient strategy and better adaptation to the disease. . Since this study was conducted in older women with cancer in Tehran, it is recommended that other cultural and gender groups be aware of the generalization of the results.
zohre yarmohammadi; Abolghasem Yaghoobi; khosro Rashid; rasol kord noghabi
Abstract
In today's modern world where people tend to judge others by the way they speak, write and understand words, verbal intelligence is very valuable. Verbal intelligence is defined as intelligence in word processing or the ability to use words effectively both orally and in writing. Gardner published the ...
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In today's modern world where people tend to judge others by the way they speak, write and understand words, verbal intelligence is very valuable. Verbal intelligence is defined as intelligence in word processing or the ability to use words effectively both orally and in writing. Gardner published the basic neurological evidence related to this intelligence in 1983, including Broca's areas in the inferior frontal cortex, Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe, and the sulcus. Lateral inferior parietal lobe (lateral sulcus loop inferior parietal lobule). A literature review of 28 studies identified the temporal cortex as the most dominant primary region for verbal intelligence. A literature review of 28 studies introduced the temporal cortex as the most dominant primary region for verbal intelligence. In the secondary analysis of the temporal cortex, the superior temporal gyrus was highlighted and Wernicke's areas were identified in the third-level analysis. Also, the frontal cortex was found to be one of the primary areas. Dominant sub-regions in both the temporal and frontal cortex are critical for language processing, speech control, and speech production. Also, the temporal cortex was recognized as an important area for verbal intelligence. Since then, the neuroscience of the skills of this intelligence is considered an important issue for psychologists and neurologists, and few studies have investigated the neuroscience of this intelligence based on its main skills, and the studies have been carried out in a scattered manner. Among the research conducted on this topic, we can mention the examination of speech, writing, and reading skills.MethodThis research was among case studies. The statistical population of the present study was composed of 45 male and female volunteers aged 18 years and older who were referred to the National Brain Mapping Laboratory in Tehran in 2019, and among them, 2 subjects were selected in a targeted manner using the developmental assessment scale of multiple intelligences. multiple intelligences developmental assessment scales) were selected. For the neurological examination of verbal intelligence, three main skills of this intelligence were selected, and based on those tasks were designed. These three skills included reading, writing (good use of words in writing reports, letters, stories, etc.), and speech (skills in using words to express and understand goals). This task was taken from the method designed by (Shah et al., 2013). ResultsThe findings from data processing showed that performing the reading task was associated with the activity of the frontal and prefrontal areas as well as the temporal and fusiform gyri. Diagram 1 shows that the activity level of brain areas is higher in subjects with very high intelligence. Findings related to the writing task also showed that doing the task was associated with the activity of the temporal, and prefrontal areas, especially the inferior and middle frontal gyri. Diagram 2 shows that the activity level of brain areas is higher in subjects with very high intelligence. Also, the findings from data processing related to the speech task showed that the frontal and temporal regions as well as the precentral and postcentral gyrus were associated with the activity. Diagram 3 shows that the activity level of brain regions in a subject with very high intelligence is higher in all regions except for the fusiform gyrus. Diagram 3 shows that the activity level of brain regions in a subject with very high intelligence is higher in all regions except for the fusiform gyrus. DiscussionThis study, like other studies, was accompanied by limitations, for example, the limitation in the number of subjects due to the high cost of fMRI and the time limit of assignments. Therefore, it is suggested to conduct research in a larger sample for better generalizability. It is also suggested that compare men and women with similar functions of verbal intelligence skills to investigate possible gender differences.
Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta; Elham-Sadat Naji
Abstract
IntroductionDriving behavior is a behavior that a driver chooses as a pattern for his driving, and it depends on three factors: the driver, the vehicle, and factors related to the driving route. The driver's psychological and personality characteristics are the most important factors in his driving behavior ...
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IntroductionDriving behavior is a behavior that a driver chooses as a pattern for his driving, and it depends on three factors: the driver, the vehicle, and factors related to the driving route. The driver's psychological and personality characteristics are the most important factors in his driving behavior and the driver behavior is related to his emotional and behavioral characteristics. Many studies have shown the role of emotional intelligence as one of the most important determinants of driver behavior. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage our own and others' emotions which play a key role in all kinds of personal, social and professional situations. Some research have shown that high emotional intelligence is associated with greater ability to manage emotions, and low emotional intelligence is often associated with greater involvement in risky behaviors. Emotional intelligence can improve through training and have a positive effect on people's performance. Adults can learn to manage their behaviors and emotional reactions. Considering the importance of emotional intelligence in reducing inappropriate driving behaviors, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the mental health training program of drivers on their emotional intelligence.MethodIn the present study, in order to enhance the emotional intelligence abilities of bus drivers through psychosocial training, a quasi-experimental with a pre- and post-test design was used. The driver training project of Tehran Bus Company has been started since 2011 and is implemented in different phases on drivers who are applying for employment in the Company. In one of the phases, 88 bus drivers from Tehran Bus Company who received 9 training sessions on anger management, retaliatory driving, stress management and effective communication participated in the study. Bar-On (1977) emotional intelligence test was used to collect data in two stages of pre-test and post-test. This questionnaire is a self-assessment tool that can be used for people over 18 years old. In the present study, a shortened form of the questionnaire was used, in which there are 54 items related to 9 scales of problem solving, stress tolerance, emotional self-awareness, interpersonal relationships, optimism, impulse control, flexibility, empathy, and self-expression.ResultsThe research findings of multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and univariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test. DiscussionThe findings show the effectiveness of the program on some components of emotional intelligence. In other words, the training course on socio-emotional interventions can be considered effective in promoting drivers' emotional intelligence.
Fatemeh Torkashvand; hossein davudi; davood taghvaei
Abstract
Introduction: Sexual dissatisfaction is a reason for marital conflicts and stresses and ignoring it causes irreparable damages to marital and social relations of people. Psychological effects of unsolved sexual problems and its annoying difficulties make negative effects on other parts of couples' life ...
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Introduction: Sexual dissatisfaction is a reason for marital conflicts and stresses and ignoring it causes irreparable damages to marital and social relations of people. Psychological effects of unsolved sexual problems and its annoying difficulties make negative effects on other parts of couples' life and cause many dysfunctions on different aspects of the family structure. Methods: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of integrative intervention of conjoint sex therapy and Satir model on self-esteem and marital intimacy of couples with sexual dissatisfaction referred to Malayer counseling centers. The research design was quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test by experimental and control groups and a three months follow up. The statistical population consisted of all couples in Malayer who had sexual problems referred to counseling centers in 2021 and 2022, among them 20 couples who were dissatisfied in their sexual relation (getting the score of 25 to 50 from Hudson sexual satisfaction questionnaire) selected by available sampling. Then they assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups (10 couples for each group). The couples of both groups completed questionnaires of sexual self-esteem and marital intimacy. After that, the couples of experimental group (10 couples) were educated by integrating treatment of conjoint sex therapy and Satir model during 9 sessions, but control group not received any treatment. When intervention completed, the couples of both groups answered research questionnaires. Then the data were analyzed by Covariance analysis method. Results: The results supported that integrating intervention by conjoint sex therapy and Satir model affected on self-esteem (sig=0/001) and marital intimacy (sig=0/001) of couples in the experimental group, so the difference between sexual satisfaction of couples in two groups were statistically meaningful. It means that the integrating intervention was effective (p<0/001). Discussion: according to the results of this study, integrating intervention of conjoint sex therapy and Satir model affected on self-esteem and marital intimacy of couples with sexual dissatisfaction.
Hesam Soleimani; Nasrin Arshadi; Kioumars Beshlideh
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the most valuable resources of an organization for achieving goals and getting progressed is human power; Therefore, it can be said that the mental health of the employees of an organization is of special importance. With increasing emphasis on the mental health of employees and improving ...
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IntroductionOne of the most valuable resources of an organization for achieving goals and getting progressed is human power; Therefore, it can be said that the mental health of the employees of an organization is of special importance. With increasing emphasis on the mental health of employees and improving their work life for the progress and success of the organization, it is reasonable to pay special attention to the job burnout and well-being of employees, the factors affecting these two, and the methods of reducing burnout and increasing well-being. The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of the relationship of mindfulness with job burnout and well-being mediated by work stress.MethodThe statistic population of the research was all the employees of the Dareh-Aloo Copper Industries of Kerman province. The sample consisted of 300 employees who were selected by simple random sampling method, that 210 members of sample filled the forms properly. The instruments were used include Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Health and Safety Executive (HSE) stress questionnaire, Psychological Well-being Scale and Burnout Inventory. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM) and the mediating role of job stress was examined by boot-strap method, using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 softwares. ResultsThe indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure. Findings indicated the proposed model after modifing fit the data properly. Results showed that the direct path of mindfulness to job burnout and mindfulness to well-being were not significant and confirmed all the direct effects of mindfulness on burnout and well-being were through job stressDiscussionAccording to the results, it can be said that by increasing the level of mindfulness of the people in the organization can reduce their job stress and consequently reduce the burnout of employees and increase their well-being.
Health Psychology
Abdolbaset Mahmoudpour; Fatemeh Alkasir; soliman ahmadboukani
Abstract
Introduction: elderly has been a major issue for experts, policymakers, and even the general public in recent years. The aim of this study was to predict social adjustment in the elderly based on distress tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support.Methods: The statistical population of ...
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Introduction: elderly has been a major issue for experts, policymakers, and even the general public in recent years. The aim of this study was to predict social adjustment in the elderly based on distress tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support.Methods: The statistical population of the present study was all the elderly in Ahvaz in the period of November 1400 to December 1400 in the age range of 57 to 74 years. Data were collected using the Bell Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1962), Simmons & Gahr (2005) Distress Tolerance, Gross & John Emotion Regulation (2003), and Social Support (Zimmet, 1988). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis).Results: The results showed that there is a direct relationship between anxiety tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support with social adjustment (p <0.05). The adjusted R square value was equal to 0.416, which showed that the variables of distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and perceived social support explained 41.6% of the variance of social adjustment. The findings of the present study indicate the importance of the variables of anxiety tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support in explaining social adjustment in the elderly. Discussion: Therefore, it is recommended to train for stress tolerance, emotion regulation, providing adequate support from family and important people in life, and developing the dimensions of adjustment in the elderly.Conclusion: Emotion regulation strategies, distress tolerance and perceived social support in the elderly can change their social adjustment capacity and thus affect their mental health. From a fundamental point of view, the research of the current research can be considered as a main factor in explaining social adaptation, and at the practical level, for more adaptation in the elderly, emotion regulation strategies, distress tolerance, and social support are considered.
Educational Psychology
moslem amiri; Javad Mesrabadi; Abolfazl Farid; Siavash Sheikhalizadeh
Abstract
IntroductionBehavioral problems can be investigated in different areas of communication and each of the behavioral challenges in this of fields shows that it is necessary for psychological programs and interventions to pay attention to the optimal management of individual behavior in order to prevent ...
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IntroductionBehavioral problems can be investigated in different areas of communication and each of the behavioral challenges in this of fields shows that it is necessary for psychological programs and interventions to pay attention to the optimal management of individual behavior in order to prevent and reduce existing harms. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify the effective domains of educational-therapeutic interventions based on choice theory on the management of individual behavior in previous studies and based on a systematic review.MethodSearch for research records was done using numerous internal electronic databases, using the keywords: choice theory, william glasser, reality therapy, group reality therapy, quality school or quality schools, glasser school or glasser schools, lead management, peaceful parenting, parenting based on choice theory and psychology of internal control. After extraction, the content of the articles was qualitatively evaluated with the PRISMA checklist and content analysis method was used to review the data. After searching and evaluating the studies, the final analysis was performed on 53 studies with 62 variables.ResultsResults showed that effective domains of educational-therapeutic interventions based on choice theory fall into 5 categories: emotional-mood disorders, destructive behavioral disorders, procrastination, interpersonal relationships and individual and social skills. Most of the primary researches conducted in this research in the field of behavior management from the perspective of selection theory, respectively, include the field of personal and social skills with 16 studies, the field of interpersonal relations with 15 studies, the field of emotional-mood disorders with 15 studies, and the field of destructive behavioral disorders. with 10 researches, and the field of meditation with 6 researches.DiscussionIn the general explanation of the findings, it can be said that the selection theory is regulated in such a way that it is useful and usable for therapists, counselors, teachers, trainers and other people involved in education and guidance people. Based on the teachings of this theory, people realize that acting on new, effective and responsible choices enables them to discover and experience a life full of healthy and harmless creativity. The results of this study can be used as a summary to clarify as much as possible the effective domains of choice theory on the management of individual behavior and a comprehensive map for conducting studies more coherently and with better quality for researchers in provide future research.In fact, the findings of the present study can be a summary of the studies done and these classes were considered as the result of re-analysis of the data with a different perspective. Therefore, the basics of choice theory can be used as educational and therapeutic interventions in the counseling centers of schools and universities, family and couple training workshops, organizational management and individual and clinical counseling in order to manage individual behavior and Used to improve interpersonal relationships.
Exceptional Children Psychology
Fatemeh Khandani; Noorali Farrokhi; Abotaleb Saadati Shamir
Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of executive function training and play therapy on promoting the learning of mathematical concepts of students with learning disabilities. Learning mathematics is one of the basic subjects related to learning science, which has been devoted ...
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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of executive function training and play therapy on promoting the learning of mathematical concepts of students with learning disabilities. Learning mathematics is one of the basic subjects related to learning science, which has been devoted to many studies and theories. Students learn not only to calculate in mathematics. Rather, they learn how to reason and use it to solve their real life problems. Disruption in mathematical calculations is manifested in various ways, including difficulty in determining sizes or naming mathematical numbers, inability to count, compare, and mental and practical calculations. Children with math disorder have problems with math calculation or reasoning ability in math. Due to the difference in the definitions of learning disorder and also the difference in the attitudes and educational goals of these children, the prevalence estimate fluctuates from one to thirty. MethodThe present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 45 third grade elementary students who were selected by available sampling method and were replaced in 3 groups of executive functions training, play therapy and control group. The research tool was Tabrizi Learning Disorder Checklist (2010) & the K-Matt mathematical test. Experiment participants were trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. The sample size examined in this research was 45 people. After implementing the questionnaire on the sample, using a pre-test-post-test experimental plan with a control group, 15 people were randomly placed in the control group, 15 people in the executive functions training method, and 15 people in the play therapy training method. In the pre-examination phase, the amount of arithmetic skill learning was measured using the mentioned questionnaires. Then the researcher used educational methods (executive functions and play therapy and common education) for the studied groups for 10 sessions. At the end of the training period (post-test), the researcher obtained the scores of the questionnaire for learning mathematical concepts and arithmetic skills from all three groups (executive functions, play therapy and control). ResultsFindings showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of executive function training and play therapy on learning mathematical concepts (P <0.01). Also, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of executive function training and play therapy on learning mathematical concepts (P <0.01).DiscussionThe results showed that both executive functions and play therapy interventions have beneficial effects on learning mathematical concepts of students with learning math. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching executive functions and play therapy on learning mathematical concepts of students with mathematical learning disabilities. In other words, both group training of executive functions and play therapy are effective on learning mathematical concepts of students with mathematical learning disabilities.
Zahra Nazeran; Seyed Abbas Haghayegh; Zohre Raeisi; Akram Dehghani
Abstract
The family can be considered as an emotional unit and a network of intertwined relationships that is built from the marital bond of a man and a woman, and a person's satisfaction with married life is considered as his satisfaction with the family. One of the threats to growth and development in married ...
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The family can be considered as an emotional unit and a network of intertwined relationships that is built from the marital bond of a man and a woman, and a person's satisfaction with married life is considered as his satisfaction with the family. One of the threats to growth and development in married life of couples is incompatibility and boredom in married life. Nowadays, the prevalence of marital dissatisfaction among couples is increasing and many couples do not want to stay in failed marriages. The present study was conducted with the aim of finding a structural pattern of marital dissatisfaction and gender stereotypes through the mediation of marital forgiveness. MethodThe research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included all married people (men and women) with marital problems who referred to family counseling centers in Tehran in 2019. Among them, 300 people (150 women and 150 men) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. Pines' (1996) marital dissatisfaction questionnaires, Bam's (1974) gender stereotypes, and Pollard et al.'s (1998) marital forgiveness questionnaires were used to collect data. Pearson correlation tests and structural equation analysis were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between gender stereotypes and marital discord, and there was a negative and significant relationship between marital forgiveness and marital discord and gender stereotypes and marital forgiveness (p<0.01). Also, gender stereotypes had an indirect effect on marital dissatisfaction through marital forgiveness. The results showed that there is a relationship between marital forgiveness and marital boredom; this means that with the increase of marital forgiveness, marital boredom decreases.DiscussionIn general, the assumed model of the research had a good fit; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the role of variables of gender stereotypes and marital forgiveness in the construction of educational and counseling packages to reduce the marital dissatisfaction of couples. In general, according to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the final model has a good fit. And marital forgiveness played a mediating role in the relationship between marital dissatisfaction and gender stereotypes. Therefore, the findings of the model provide researchers with more information to manipulate the dependent variable and help researchers design an experimental study to reduce marital burnout in couples with marital conflicts. Also, according to the religious and spiritual context of Iranian society, activating spiritual capitals such as forgiveness has significant effects in reducing marital boredom and increasing marital satisfaction.
Mona Isvand; Hosein Baghouli; Hojjat Allah Javidi; Majid Barzegar
Abstract
Depression is one of the common disabling and recurring psychological disorders that causes obvious changes in the individual’s different biological, cognitive, nervous and emotional functions .The aim of the present study was to compare effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance ...
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Depression is one of the common disabling and recurring psychological disorders that causes obvious changes in the individual’s different biological, cognitive, nervous and emotional functions .The aim of the present study was to compare effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for rumination, cognitive flexibility, resilience and perceived stress among the women suffering from depression in Andimeshk city. Depression is also considered as the second most common cognitive disorder and therefore it has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world. Among the existing physical and mental diseases, depression is considered one of the most important global issues and problems, which according to the definition of the World Health Organization is the most important mood disorders that include loss of interest, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, sleep and appetite disorders, It is accompanied by a decrease in energy, poor concentration, and a decrease in the patient's mood. Depression is also a common, costly and debilitating disease that imposes a heavy burden on global societies. MethodThe statistical population included all women referred to psychiatric clinics. 45 patients were randomly assigned into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Measuring research variables with the help of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow’s rumination questionnaire (1991), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility, Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience, and Cohen et al.'s (1983) perceived stress questionnaire were used. At first, after obtaining the necessary permits and coordination with the psychiatric clinics of the city, all women referred to the psychiatric clinics who were suspected of symptoms of depression were screened by a psychiatrist. The initial diagnosis was made by a psychiatrist, and then, to make the diagnosis more certain, the clinical interview of SKID 5 was conducted by the researcher. According to the criteria for entering the research, 30 patients who were willing to cooperate in the research were randomly assigned into two groups (an experimental group of 15 people each and a control group of 15 people). ResultsAnalysis was done using analysis of covariance, two-way variance analysis and repeated measures and Ben Ferroni’s follow up test. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination; No difference was observed in the effectiveness of the two approaches for cognitive flexibility and perceived stress. The results of the present study indicated that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of both treatment methods on the three variables of cognitive flexibility, resilience and perceived stress. There was a difference between the two treatments only in the variable of rumination, so that the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was confirmed. Regarding cognitive behavioral therapy, no evidence was found to confirm its effectiveness.DiscussionBoth approaches can be considered as effective methods for reduction of the symptoms of depression; however it is necessary to evaluate and compare effectiveness of the two methods for depression related variables in different groups as well.
Marjan Torajizade; Mojtaba Mohammadi jalai Farahani; Davood Taghvaei
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare performance analysis psychotherapy (FAP) and schema therapy on emotional experience towards spouse, forgiveness and gratitude of couples referring to counseling centers in Isfahan city. Family is a social institution that is formed from the marriage bond of ...
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The aim of the present study was to compare performance analysis psychotherapy (FAP) and schema therapy on emotional experience towards spouse, forgiveness and gratitude of couples referring to counseling centers in Isfahan city. Family is a social institution that is formed from the marriage bond of a man and a woman. The health of married life implies the emotional and mental health of its people, which is also dependent on the continuity of the relationship between husband and wife. Marital relationship is the most intimate and special human relationship, the durability and quality of which requires having knowledge and emotional skills in it. Several studies show that the obvious and non-obvious behavioral and emotional exchanges of couples are one of the strongest predictors of marital quality and stability, and emotional experience in married life plays a prominent role in the durability or collapse of married life. MethodThe research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes all couples in the age group of 25 to 45 years old in Isfahan city, who were selected by available sampling method, 30 couples (10 couples in the first test group, 10 couples in the second test group, and 10 couples in the control group) And for the first group, the performance analysis therapy experiment was presented during 8 sessions, and for the second group, the schema therapy experiment was also presented during 8 sessions. The data collection tools included the 6-question questionnaire of emotional experience towards the spouse of Brashaw (2009), the 15-question questionnaire of Bakhshash Ray et al. (2001) and the 6-question questionnaire of appreciation of McCullough et al. (2001). To analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used. ResultsThe results showed that there was no significant difference between the effect of the two psychotherapeutic methods of performance analysis and schema therapy on the emotional experience towards the spouse and spouse's gratitude, but there was a significant difference between the effect of the two psychotherapeutic methods of performance analysis and schema therapy on forgiveness. Therefore, the schema therapy method has been a more effective method than performance analysis psychotherapy in the use of forgiveness skills by couples in reducing marital conflicts.DiscussionIn fact, schema therapy emphasizes supporting couples from each other, opening emotions, and expressing them in a positive way, focusing on one's emotions and identifying them, expressing new experiences in married life and the emotions associated with it, forming new interactions in the relationship. Emphasis on taking care of the spouse, identifying negative interaction cycles, and eliminating them in married life helps the couple to rebuild their relationship with their spouse and in the light of a healthy and effective relationship, forgive each other and be more grateful.
Educational Psychology
Arash Akhash; Askar Atash Afrouz; Manijeh Shehni Yailagh; Morteza Omidian
Abstract
Most students are facing problems in learning mathematics. These problems are related to the math course itself or related to external factors affecting it. The problems that are related to the mathematics lesson itself are caused by the content, nature and abstract nature of this knowledge, and the ...
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Most students are facing problems in learning mathematics. These problems are related to the math course itself or related to external factors affecting it. The problems that are related to the mathematics lesson itself are caused by the content, nature and abstract nature of this knowledge, and the problems that are related to external factors are either internal or external. The intrapersonal origin is related to the individual characteristics of students in mental processing, learning, motivation and attitude and the external-personal origin is related to issues that are affected by educational factors and the way teachers treat and teach. Therefore, the current research with the aim of "multilevel analysis of the relationship between the perception of the teacher's diagnostic skills, the challenging level of the class, the quality of the teacher's teaching and math study skills with math performance in ninth grade students" seems necessary.MethodThe research method was a correlational type, namely multilevel analysis. The statistical population of this research was all ninth grade male and female students of first secondary school in Kohgiluyeh city, in Iran, in the academic year of 1401-1402, among them, a sample of 1000 people (500 male and 500 female) was selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Gartner's Class Evaluation Questionnaire (2010), Gentry and Springer's Scale of Students' Perception of Classroom Activities (2002), Kyriakides et al.'s Teaching Quality Scale (2000), Hooper's Math Study Skills Scale (1993) and students' grades of the first semester of math lessons were used to measure the variables of the research. Data were analyzed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) method.ResultsThe results of multilevel analysis showed that variables of level 1 (math study skills) and level 2 (average math study skills of class, perception of teacher's diagnostic skills, challenging level of class and quality of teacher’s teaching) were positively and significantly predicting math performance of students. The interactions of level 2 variables (average math study skills of class, perception of teacher's diagnostic skills and the challenging level of the class) with the slope of the relationship between math study skills and math performance were significant. Also, the difference in math performance among classes and the difference between classes in terms of the slope of math study skills and math performance were significant.DiscussionBased on the multilevel analysis in this research, it can be concluded that paying attention to the improvement of students' math study skills and class variables (average class math study skills, perception of teacher's diagnostic skills, challenging level of class and quality of teacher’s teaching) will lead to the improvement of students' mathematical performance and their positive attitude towards this lesson.
Clinical Psychology
Ameneh Dashti; Yadollah Zargar
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Suicidal ideation increases the risk of levels of suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study this complex and multifactorial phenomenon in non-clinical samples, especially women. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of suicidal ideation based on the ...
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AbstractIntroduction: Suicidal ideation increases the risk of levels of suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study this complex and multifactorial phenomenon in non-clinical samples, especially women. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of suicidal ideation based on the components of perceived stress and self-silencing, considering the mediator role of difficulty in emotion regulation in women. Method: Based on this, using multi-stage random sampling method, 350 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were selected as the sample. Participants completed the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSI), the Perceived Stress Inventory (PSQ), the Self-Silencing Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) with full knowledge and satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (AMOS-22 software) was used to evaluate the assumed relationships in the model and analyze the collected data. Result: According to the research results, all direct and indirect paths embedded in the model were significant and had an acceptable fit (p<0.001). In this research, the χ2 (df) was estimated as 0.13, which indicates the fit of the model with the data. Also, GFI, AGFI, and CFI indices were obtained as 0.94, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively, which indicates the acceptable fit of the model. Among the fit indices of RMSEA is the basis of acceptance or rejection of a hypothesized model, which was obtained as 0.05. Also, according to the multivariable regression analysis, the R value was equal to 0.237, which means that 23% of the variance of suicidal ideation can be predicted and explained by difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress, and self-silencing.Conclusion: Designing a model of suicidal ideation made it possible to examine the role and influence of difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress and self-silencing. Based on the findings of the present study, difficulty in emotion regulation has a positive and significant relationship with suicidal ideation in women.Difficulty in emotion regulation is a type of emotional vulnerability that predicts suicidal ideation. The relationship between perceived stress and difficulty in regulating emotion was another finding that was confirmed in this study. A stressful situation is defined as a situation where the demands expected of a person are greater than his ability to adapt. In fact, when dealing with stress, a person focuses on the stressful and problematic situation and the awareness of his emotions decreases. On the other hand, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies in conditions of intensified pressure and finally the ability of a person to manage his emotions decreases.Another assumed relationship of the proposed model in this research was the relationship between self- silencing and difficulty in emotion regulation. As expected, a direct relationship between self- silencing and difficulty in emotion regulation was confirmed. This means that the more self- silencing increases, the more difficult the emotion regulation process will be. The requirement of self- silencing is the suppression and denial of emotions, and this process is strengthened by ignoring oneself and giving priority to the desires, needs and emotions of others and getting attention and approval or maintaining relationships.These results mean that; Perceived stress, self-silencing, and difficulty in emotion regulating have a high predictive power for suicidal ideation in women. In addition, the findings suggest that predictor variables all predict a total of 23% variance of suicidal ideation.Key words: Suicidal Ideation, Perceived Stress, Self-silencing, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Structural Equation Modeling, Women
Psychometrics scales
Mohsen Arbezi; Zahra Noorozi Ghader loo
Abstract
IntroductionA psychologically rich life is other psychologically desirable life which has recently been conceptualized and introduced by experts in the field of well-being. Developing a psychologically rich life questionnaire is necessary to investigate psychologically rich life in Iranian society empirically. ...
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IntroductionA psychologically rich life is other psychologically desirable life which has recently been conceptualized and introduced by experts in the field of well-being. Developing a psychologically rich life questionnaire is necessary to investigate psychologically rich life in Iranian society empirically. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Psychologically rich life Questionnaire (Oishi et al., 2019) in two general population groups and College students. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. The first study was conducted on the general population, and the second was on the student population.MethodIn the first study, 450 people from the general population of Shiraz were selected using the convenience sampling method; And they responded to Psychologically rich life questionnaires (Oishi et al., 2019), depression-short form (Beck et al., 1996) and meaning of life (Steger, 2010). In the second study, 220 students of Shiraz University who were studying in the academic year of 2019-2020; selected by convenience sampling method; and answered Psychologically rich life questionnaires (Oishi et al., 2019), flourishing scale (Diener et al., 2010), the scale of positive and negative feelings (Diener et al., 2010) and life satisfaction questionnaire (Diener et al., 1985). SPSS-16 and AMOS-21 statistical software analyzed data. The content, construct, convergent and divergent validity of the mentioned questionnaire were investigated using the opinions of educational and clinical psychology experts, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficients of Psychologically rich life components with related variables, respectively. In order to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used.ResultsExperts confirmed the representativeness of the questionnaire items to measure Psychologically rich life. In the first study, both types of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used for construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Persian version of the psychological rich life questionnaire consists of three factors under the headings of «new and various experiences», «unusual experiences», and «non-uniformity». Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the fit of the three-factor model with the data. Also, in this study, the logical relationship between the components of a psychologically rich life and related variables indicates this questionnaire's convergent and divergent validity. In the second study, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model of a psychologically rich life is consistent with the data. In this study, the logical relationship between the components of a psychologically rich life with related variables indicates the convergent and divergent validity of the questionnaire. In both studies, Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirms the reliability of the questionnaire.ConclusionThe research findings show that the questionnaire mentioned has suitable psychometric indicators for measuring the Psychologically rich life of the general and student population; researchers can use it.
Psychometrics scales
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe; Zahra Khani; Hojjatollah Farahani; Parviz Azadfallah
Abstract
IntroductionThe Internet is one of the most influential forms of mass media that created a great revolution at the global level. Today, most people spend their time on the Internet and use the Internet in various fields such as learning, playing, teaching, social communication, and shopping. In this ...
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IntroductionThe Internet is one of the most influential forms of mass media that created a great revolution at the global level. Today, most people spend their time on the Internet and use the Internet in various fields such as learning, playing, teaching, social communication, and shopping. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the online shopping addiction scale in an Iranian sample. MethodThis research was a descriptive-analytical evaluation study. The sample consisted of 500 women (404) and men (96) in Tehran in 2021 who were selected by the available sampling method and completed the online shopping addiction scale, Saving inventory questionnaire, and psychological well-being questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the online shopping addiction scale were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, divergent validity, concurrent validity, Pearson correlation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in R software version 4.1 at a significance level of 0.05. Two translators fluent in English separately translated the questionnaire into Farsi. The prepared English versions were compared with the original version of the questionnaire, and with the cooperation of the group of translators, the Farsi version of the questionnaire was prepared and given to several people in different age groups. After identifying and solving the ambiguities in the questions, the final version of the questionnaire was prepared.ResultsAccording to the investigations, the average and standard deviation of the age of the research participants were 29.68 and 9.16, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the six-factor structure (Salience, Tolerance, Mood Modification, Withdrawal, Relapse, Conflict) of the online shopping addiction scale was assessed and validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.07). To check the construct validity of the scale, we will first check its confirmatory factor analysis. The suitability of the test items for factor analysis was investigated using the correlation index of the score of each item with the corrected total score. In the study of concurrent and divergent criterion validity, the correlation of the online shopping addiction scale with the positive Saving inventory scale was significant. The relationship between online shopping addiction and psychological well-being was also negative and significant. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score of the online shopping addiction scale was 0.93 and for its dimensions was 0.72 to 0.91.DiscussionThe results of the present study were similar to previous studies, showing the good validity of the tool. The findings of the present study showed that the Persian version of the online shopping addiction questionnaire in the Iranian sample has adequate validity and reliability. The existence of a high correlation with the storage behavior questionnaire as well as a high Cronbach's alpha for the subscales is also a confirmation that this questionnaire can be used effectively. Since less attention has been paid to the issue of online shopping addiction inside the country, by conducting extensive studies, we can see the validity of this scale as much as possible inside the country of Iran.
Health Psychology
afsaneh moradi; samireh karimi; elham hessami; Sara Yadollahi
Abstract
The effect of experiential avoidance on the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder with the mediation of rumination and perceived vulnerability to infectious disease in the treatment staff of patients with Covid-19Abstract IntroductionThe emergence of the covid-19 disease in Wuhan, China and its ...
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The effect of experiential avoidance on the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder with the mediation of rumination and perceived vulnerability to infectious disease in the treatment staff of patients with Covid-19Abstract IntroductionThe emergence of the covid-19 disease in Wuhan, China and its spread throughout the world challenged the quality of life of people and especially the health care system and medical staff. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and depression have been observed during the Covid-19 pandemic in nurses and employees of the departments related to the coronavirus, which are considered one of the most important elements of health care. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of experiential avoidance on the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder with the mediation of mental rumination and perceived vulnerability to infectious disease in the treatment staff of patients with covid-19.MethodThe current research method is descriptive and the research design is correlational. The statistical population of the present study included the medical staff caring for patients with covid-19 working in Tehran hospitals in Khordad and Tir 1400. The sampling method was accessible. A total of 516 people completed the questionnaires and after removing the distorted answers, the sample size included 458 people. Research tools included Mississippi PTSD Citizen Scale kane et al, Perceived Vulnerability to Infectious Diseases Questionnaire Duncan et al, Nolen-Hoeksma Rumination Questionnaire and Band et al Acceptance and Act Questionnaire. The criteria for entering the research included informed consent and employment in the care work in one of the designated hospitals for Covid-19, and the criteria for exiting included the distortion of the submitted answer sheet. The online method was used to implement the questionnaires, in such a way that the link of the online questionnaire was placed in the working groups of the nurses of certain hospitals for Covid-19 so that they could answer the questions of the questionnaires if they wanted to. For the sample people, before answering the questionnaires, the objectives, the importance of conducting the research and the criteria for entering the research were explained and they were reassured about ethical points such as confidentiality of personal information, etc. Data analysis was done using Structural Equation Analysis by Amos version 24 and SPSS version 22 softwareResultsData analysis showed that experiential avoidance has an effect both directly (p<0.0001) and indirectly through mental rumination (p<0.0001) on the experience of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. In other words, rumination plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between experiential avoidance and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, but perceived vulnerability does not play such a role.ConclusionIn addition to practical and theoretical implications, research findings can be used as a useful model for providing psychological services to nurses to prevent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. Considering the direct and indirect effect of experiential avoidance on the experience of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, by reducing experiential avoidance and rumination, the probability of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms can be reduced. It is suggested that in future researches, along with the main variables of the present study, important variables such as age, gender, socio-economic status, work experience, having a history of covid-19 disease or any other disease in the medical staff be studied as moderator variables.KeyWords: Experiential Avoidance, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Rumination, Perceived Vulnerability, Covid-19Acknowledgments: The researchers consider it necessary to appreciate all nurses and medical staff caring for patients with Covid-19 working in Tehran hospitals (such as Masih Deneshvari, Milad, Shariati, Luqman, Shohadaie Tajrish, Imam Khomeini, Imam Hossein) during the pandemic who had the utmost cooperation in this research.Financial resources: The implementation of this research did not conflict with any case, dimension, or organization of interest.Conflict of interest: This article has not been sponsored
Health Psychology
Elahe Talavari; Parvin Ehteshamzadeh; Parviz Asgari; Farah Naderi
Abstract
The mental health of veterans is greatly influenced by their lifestyle. Lifestyle is a pattern of characteristics, behaviors, and habits specific to an individual, if defective they increase the risk of illness or accidents in veterans. The current study was to investigate the causal relationship model ...
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The mental health of veterans is greatly influenced by their lifestyle. Lifestyle is a pattern of characteristics, behaviors, and habits specific to an individual, if defective they increase the risk of illness or accidents in veterans. The current study was to investigate the causal relationship model of lifestyle of health promotion with Core self-evaluations and spirituality in the work environment with the mediation of social intimacy, Time perspective and self-control in the personnel of Southern Oil Regions in the south. Complications and consequences of war are one of the most important psychological and psychiatry topics in the world, which have attracted the attention of relevant experts during different times. Among these, neurological and psychological complications are the most debilitating complications that have caused numerous problems for the people who were present in the war, for their families and the society. The effects of war remain in the wounded for years, and these effects leave significant damages on the individual and his family.MethodThe statistical population of this research included all the veterans of over 25% in working in the Southern Oil Regions Company in 1400, of which 182 people were selected by voluntary method. Gathering information using health-enhancing lifestyle questionnaires by Walker et al. (1987), social self-evaluations (CSES) (2003), spirituality in the workplace (Milliman et al. 2003), self-control by Tani et al. (2004), Time perspective-ZTPI (Zimbardo, 1999), social intimacy (Costa and McCrae, 1992).ResultsStructural equation analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that the causal model of the research had a good fit. All direct paths of personality self-evaluations and spirituality in the work environment with health promoting style were significant. The direct paths of mediated social intimacy, time perspective and self-control were also significant with health promotion style. There is a causal relationship between core self-evaluation and the health-promoting lifestyle of veteran employees through social intimacy: The available results indicate that there is a causal relationship between core self-evaluation and the health-promoting lifestyle of veteran employees through social intimacy. Core self-evaluation provides resources that activate beliefs such as self-efficacy and self-esteem in the individual. If veterans have such high self-evaluations, they are more directed towards close interactions with the community and extensive social support. form and participate more in group activities, this can guide them in choosing a social and healthier lifestyle.DiscussionAlso, social intimacy, time perspective and self-control cannot mediate the causal relationship between time perspective and spirituality in the work environment with health promoting style in a significantly way (p<0.001). According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the veterans who are in the company of oil-rich areas, despite the unpleasant incidents they experienced and suffered injuries because of it, but these potentially stressful conditions, their lifestyle and health. Has not caused serious damage. This immunity of their lifestyle depends on their evaluations and cognitive attitudes and the spirituality and relationships of the work environment and the organization in which they are active, so that on the one hand, the central self-evaluation of the veterans believes in them. It provides them with the ability and being equipped with psychological tools, and on the other hand, this belief and cognitive and psychological equipment is strengthened by the work environment.
Social Pathology
Elham Tavasli; Tayebeh Sharifi; Reza Ahmadi
Abstract
Background: Today, psychologists have come to the conclusion that treatment without considering spirituality will not be effective. But it should be noted that for people who have understood religion and its position, acquiring spirituality is achieved more reliably through religion. Divine religions, ...
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Background: Today, psychologists have come to the conclusion that treatment without considering spirituality will not be effective. But it should be noted that for people who have understood religion and its position, acquiring spirituality is achieved more reliably through religion. Divine religions, especially Islam, provide practical recommendations for human connection with the infinite being in every way. Man's relationship with God is at the peak of spirituality and in this way, spiritual experiences and indescribable pleasures are obtained. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and Islamic quality of life training on perceived social support and psychological well-being of primary caregivers of chronic mental patients in Borujen city. Material & Method: This research was an applied research and in terms of method, it was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan and a control group. The statistical population included all the main caregivers of chronic mental patients in Borujen city, under the supervision of welfare and rehabilitation centers of Borujen city, whose number is 550 people. In this research, 60 primary caregivers of chronic mental patients were selected using available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (self-determination skills training and Islamic quality of life training) and a control group. In order to carry out the research in the first stage, the necessary coordination was made with the General Welfare Department of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The necessary permission to implement the program, i.e. the self-determination skills training program and the Islamic quality training program and the implementation of two questionnaires including perceived social support and psychological well-being, was received; Then, in the pre-test phase, questionnaires of perceived social support and psychological well-being were administered to all three groups, then in a three-month intervention for 19 90-minute sessions of an experimental group, a training package of self-determination skills (Field & Hoffman, 2012) and training Islamic quality of life (Seifi et al., 2015), and after the interventions, the participants of all three groups answered questionnaires of perceived social support and psychological well-being (post-test). Finally, after two months, the aforementioned questionnaires were collected from the research participants. mResearch tools included multidimensional scale of perceived social support and Psychological Well-Being Scales. Data analysis was done with the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-22 software. Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and Islamic quality of life group training on increasing perceived social support was significant (P<0.05) and the effect size was 0.66, respectively, and the effectiveness of Islamic quality of life group training was more than training was self-determination skills. Also, the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and Islamic quality training on increasing psychological well-being was significant (P<0.05) and the effect size was 0.12, respectively, and the effectiveness of Islamic life quality training was more than self-determination skills training. Conclusion: The group method of teaching self-determination skills and the quality of Islamic life have a significant effect on the level of perceived social support and psychological well-being. Teaching self-determination skills and Islamic quality of life increased perceived social support and psychological well-being of caregivers of chronic neurological and mental patients. Also, the effectiveness of Islamic quality of life training on perceived social support and psychological well-being has been higher than the effectiveness of self-determination skills training.
Marziyeh Firouzeh; ساره Ehsani; Majid Barzegar; Morteza Moradi Doliskani
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors into three categories: 1- severe self-injurious behaviors that are observed in mental patients and because of which a person causes serious damage to his own body tissue, such as cutting off a limb from the body. 2- stereotyped (involuntary) self-harming behaviors that are observed in mentally retarded, autism or Tourette syndrome. In such a situation, the person involuntarily and repeatedly hits himself (such as banging his head against the wall). 3- Self-harm behaviors are the most common type and are done under the influence of fashion or other factors: such as scratching and cutting the skin, picking wounds., nail biting, cosmetic surgery, and skin carving. One of the most common problems among teenagers today is self-injurious behavior, which is found to a large extent in all cultures. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the coefficient of difficulty, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-harm. MethodThe research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all female students of the second secondary level of Bushehr 2019-2020 academic year who had a history of self-injury. And the sample size includes 40 people, 20 people were randomly placed and selected in the experimental group and 20 people in the control group. The experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy intervention, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were self-injurious behavior questionnaire (Sanson et al., 1998), response to difficulty profile (Stoltz, 1997), Miller Hope Scale (1986) and emotional processing questionnaire (Baker et al., 2010). ResultsThe results showed that the intervention has increased the difficulty coefficient, life expectancy and reduced maladaptive emotional processing in adolescents (p<0.05). Also, the research findings indicated that dialectical behavior therapy is an effective method in emotional processing (p<0.001). It shows the results of univariate analysis of covariance to investigate the effect of the independent variable on each of the dependent variables. The F value obtained for all dependent variables is significant at the P<0.05 level; Therefore, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy influences emotional processing variables, difficulty coefficient and life expectancy.DiscussionAccording to the results of the research, this intervention can be used to improve the difficulty factor, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-injury, along with other therapeutic interventions. Also, the focus of dialectical behavior therapy on mindfulness, which is done to observe and describe events non-judgmentally, and awareness and alertness focused on the present moment, leads to the natural development of distress tolerance, and the person learns to deal with emotions without evaluating and trying to change or control them and without arousal. or experience distress and thereby learned the skill of coping with adverse events, which leads to an increase in the level of difficulty in facing adverse and stimulating life events.
Educational Psychology
Nasrin Taheri Asghari; Shahram vahedi; Davoud Tahmasebzadeh sheikhlar; Kiumars Taghipour; Hasan Sabourimoghaddam
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the brain-centered teaching approach on the motivation to learn physics among second year high school students. In this semi-experimental study, a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population included ...
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The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the brain-centered teaching approach on the motivation to learn physics among second year high school students. In this semi-experimental study, a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population included female students of the twelfth grade of the second year of secondary school in the city of Takestan, and 50 people were selected from among them as an available sample. The research tools included a questionnaire on learning motivation towards physics, daily writings and structured interviews of students. First, the subjects of both groups were pre-tested, then the subjects of the experimental group were tested for eight weeks with the help of the brain-based method, the subject of dynamics (Newton's laws). were trained, while the control group was subjected to common training at school. After the end of the intervention on the experimental group, the subjects of both groups were evaluated by the post-test. With the help of SPSS software, analysis Covariance and U Mann Whitney and kruskal- wallis H test were used for data analysis. The findings of this research showed that the students of the experimental group have more motivation to learn than the control group and we saw their significant superiority in the subscales of internal motivation, goal and self-efficacy, although there was a difference in the mean of the autonomy and job subscales, but this difference It was not statistically significant. Also, three motivational patterns were identified after the intervention. The first pattern of students' parallel motivation compared to before the implementation of the experimental plan, the second pattern of students' motivation becoming positive after the experimental intervention, and the third pattern of students' motivation becoming negative after the experimental intervention. Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that by spending enough time, brain-based education can be used as an effective intervention to increase the motivation towards physics used by teachers and counselors.
Reza Homaei; Alireza Maredpour; Armin Mahmudi
Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of the present study was the effectiveness of the indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature of forgiveness on the differentiation and emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide. One of the social problems of today's societies is suicide, which worries the family, ...
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IntroductionThe aim of the present study was the effectiveness of the indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature of forgiveness on the differentiation and emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide. One of the social problems of today's societies is suicide, which worries the family, society, and statesmen. Based on this, much research have been conducted by researchers in the fields of psychology, social sciences, and mental health, because the statistics published by the World Health Organization and the health organizations of the countries are very worrying and show an increase in suicide among young people.MethodThe research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test and follow up with control group. The statistical population included all adolescents in the age group of 16 to 18 years who attempted suicide in Isfahan and sample size included 30 people, 15 of whom were randomly selected in the experimental group and 15 in the control group and selected by available sampling method. Indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature of forgiveness (based on poems by Ferdowsi, Nezami, Khayyam, Molavi, Saadi and Roudaki) was implemented for adolescents who attempted suicide in the experimental group (in 8 sessions). Measurement tools included the 13- item Emotional Safety Questionnaire of Casey Family Service Center (2007) and the 46-item Differentiation Questionnaire of Skowron (2000). For data analysis, covariance analysis test with repeated measures was used.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of differentiation post-test and emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide in the experimental and control groups. In explaining the findings of the research, it can be said that in the poem there are emotions and emotions such as sadness, happiness, anxiety, hope, despair, nostalgia, surprise, which arise from the mental and mental states of the poet, and the poet tries to to convey to the audience as they are and based on the theory of the emotional-emotional life of the Eastern man, which defines the emotional-emotional states of each person as a result of his emotional-emotional education and considers it necessary to know his own emotions and emotions. In the noble Persian poetry and ancient literature, these emotional-emotional aspects are well taken into consideration and easily affect the emotional-emotional characteristics of the audience. The attention of poets of ancient Persian literature, such as Ferdowsi, Nizami, Khayyam, Molavi, Saadi and Rudaki, to the emotional-emotional components of human beings, has caused them to choose a specific model for the emotional aesthetics of their poems.DiscussionIn the therapeutic atmosphere of a non-threatening atmosphere along with unconditional positive attention to express the feelings of anger and resentment of others, the researcher has provided an opportunity for the teenager to complete the incomplete gestalts. Unhealed emotions were spent, released and the adolescent's psychological defenses were broken, therefore, the adolescents of the experimental group were able to find out that revenge and malice are useless, and this was the beginning of the cognitive processing of the incident for them. During this cognitive processing, they were able to review their role in the loss of this relationship, to be guided from only paying attention to the mistakes and weaknesses of others, and to face the essence of their existence. become the main ones who make mistakes and at the same time are valuable with a feeling of shame and guilt, thus they can live more calmly and by maintaining their mental health, they have a greater sense of emotional safety.
Developmental Psychology
Sohaila Rajabi Marandian; marzieh talebzadeh; Hamdaleh Jairvand
Abstract
The Causal relationship of Temperament and Character dimension with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms via mediation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in AdolescentsAbstractIntroduction: Emotional dysregulation and personality disorders are related to maladaptive behaviors in adolescence, which in ...
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The Causal relationship of Temperament and Character dimension with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms via mediation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in AdolescentsAbstractIntroduction: Emotional dysregulation and personality disorders are related to maladaptive behaviors in adolescence, which in turn may be associated with an increased risk of psychological damage during life. Therefore, considering the importance of adolescence and the prevalence of behavioral problems in this period and the serious and obvious failure that this They create problems in the field of academic, social, communication and other important areas of a person's life in the present and future, determining the factors related to these problems is of particular importance, so the main problem of the current research is to investigate the role of mediators. It is the positive and negative strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion in relation to the nature and character of the personality and the emergence of internal and externalized symptoms of adolescent boys and girls in Andimeshk city.Method: This correlational research and the statistical population included male and female students of the second grade of high school in Andimshek city. The sample consisted of 326 people who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, behavioral disorders questionnaire (Aschenbach et al. 2001), personality questionnaire (Cloninger et al., 1994) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Garnefski et al., 2001) were used.Results: The results showed that for both indirect paths, the effect of Temperament and character on Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms, was confirmed through the regulation of positive and negative emotions.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the positive and negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation by affecting the nature and personality dimensions, cause the emergence or continuation of Internalizing and Externalizing behavioral problems in adolescents.Keywords: Temperament and character, Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation , adolescent
Educational Psychology
amin sharifi; Masoud Fazilatpoor; Mahboobeh Fouladchang; farhad khormaei
Abstract
Intro ductionOne of the important topics in the field of moral philosophy in psychological theories is the discussion of the role of reasoning in decision making. Moral development studies have emphasized the role and importance of internal and external factors on moral reasoning. This research was done ...
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Intro ductionOne of the important topics in the field of moral philosophy in psychological theories is the discussion of the role of reasoning in decision making. Moral development studies have emphasized the role and importance of internal and external factors on moral reasoning. This research was done with the aim of presenting an explanatory model of moral reasoning based on personality traits. For this purpose, personality traits were considered as an exogenous variable, mindfulness variable as a mediator variable of the first level, value system as a mediator variable of the second level and moral reasoning variable as an endogenous variable.MethodThe method of this research was a correlational research in which personality traits were used as predictor variables and moral reasoning as a criterion (dependent) variable, and mindfulness and individual values were used as mediating variables. The research population included all students studying at Shiraz University in the academic year 1402-1401, from which 400 undergraduate, master's and doctoral students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection tool included the big five personality factor questionnaire, mindfulness questionnaire, personal values questionnaire and moral reasoning standard questionnaire, which was used after checking the reliability and validity. Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software version 24 and PROCESS plugin version 4.2. In order to check the importance of indirect paths, the bootstrap method was used.ResultsThe findings indicated that among the big five factors of personality, the characteristics of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience have a positive and significant relationship with moral reasoning. Also, among the big five factors of personality, the characteristics of agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience showed a positive and significant relationship with mindfulness. In addition, the individual values of self-exaltation and self-enhancement along with mindfulness played a mediating role between the personality traits of emotional stability, openness to experience, agreeableness, and moral reasoning. DiscussionMoral reasoning can help a person to find the best solutions to deal with their duties and responsibilities. Also, openness to experience has the strongest relationship with moral reasoning. People who have a high degree of openness to experience may have a high degree moral reasoning and apply more in their behavior and consider more diverse points of view when making moral judgments and have more trust, kindness, altruism, and other general social behaviors, and they put fairness at the top of their work when judging or reasoning morally. and has a stronger argument. In addition, the more emotionally stable people are, the more they will have the power of mindfulness and become more aware of their thoughts, feelings and actions in the present moment. It has also been seen that people with a strong sense of self-superiority may prioritize their own interests over the interests of others, which can affect their moral reasoning.
Seyydeh Razieh Zakarianzadeh; Qader zadeh Bagheri; Alireza Maredpour
Abstract
One of the most important concerns of educational systems is improving the well-being and optimal performance of learners. Since different individual and social factors have an effect on well-being, mental health and optimal performance, effective intervention seems necessary to improve and promote them. ...
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One of the most important concerns of educational systems is improving the well-being and optimal performance of learners. Since different individual and social factors have an effect on well-being, mental health and optimal performance, effective intervention seems necessary to improve and promote them. After entering high school, students face problems in social, family, emotional, health, academic, etc., and due to the symmetry of high school with adolescent crises, a person's ability to adapt to the surrounding environment decreases. Adolescents who have problems in adapting to the conditions and roles given to them in the educational environment as a social institution are likely to have problems in other aspects of life and education. By entering the middle school period, of course, the school and their teachers change, and the students also choose their field of study and start a new educational path, in which many problems are observed in these fields. For example, evidence suggests that high school students have difficulty controlling emotions, feeling effective, and planning for the future and its prospects.The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of education based on positive psychology (perma model) on future orientation, self-efficacy and time perspective of female students.MethodThe research method was a semi-experimental design using a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. In the present study, the experimental group was trained in perma pack, and the control group was on the waiting list. The statistical population was all female students of the second secondary school (11th grade) of Yasouj city in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster and the tools used were Maggio et al.'s Future Orientation Questionnaire (2016), Morris Students' Self-Efficacy Scale (2001), and Zimbardo's Time Perspective Scale (1999). ResultsBased on the results of the research, the effect of the Perma model on future orientation in the Perma intervention group and the control group in the post-test is significant and positive; That is, education based on positive psychology leads to the improvement of future orientation and resilience in the post-exam. The findings also showed that the effect of Perma model training on students' self-efficacy in the post-test is significant; That is, education based on positive psychology leads to an increase in cognitive, motivational and metacognitive components of self-efficacy (P<0.05). Also, the findings showed that the effect of Perma model training on students' time perspective in the post-test and follow-up is not significant.DiscussionBased on the findings of the research, more attention should be paid to the processes of planning and implementing intervention and combining both positive and negative characteristics of human performance; Because training and practice based on positive psychology focused on awareness can be the basis for designing and implementing many interventions. Based on the results of the research, teaching the Perma model promotes future orientation and increases resilience in students; in a way that they are more hopeful and optimistic about achieving mental well-being and about the future. In addition, be positive towards achieving long-term goals and career, academic and personal success plans and develop and improve your abilities. Teaching the skills of positivity, optimism and positive emotion makes students hope for the future and strive to achieve goals instead of giving in to personal and environmental limitations.
Social Pathology
Arezou Asghari; Haniyeh Mian Abadi
Abstract
IntroductionChild abuse as one of the psycho-social problems is any physical, sexual, emotional and mental harm or exploitation and not taking care of the basic needs of people under the age of 18, which disrupts their performance in all aspects of life, and leads to harm such as Death, physical, sexual ...
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IntroductionChild abuse as one of the psycho-social problems is any physical, sexual, emotional and mental harm or exploitation and not taking care of the basic needs of people under the age of 18, which disrupts their performance in all aspects of life, and leads to harm such as Death, physical, sexual injuries or emotional-psychological sufferings happen to him. The aim of this research was to compare emotional suppression, prosocial behavior and perceived competence in adolescents with and without experiencing childhood abuse.MethodsThis research was a descriptive study of causal-comparative studies. The studied population were all female students of the first and second grade of Gorgan city in the academic year 2022-2023. From the research community, 100 students (50 students with childhood abuse experience and 50 students without childhood abuse experience) were selected as a sample in a multi-stage cluster.Research toolsEmotional Suppression Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 84 items and 10 subscales, and is used to measure three different constructs including distress, self-control, and defensiveness. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.79. Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 30 items and consists of seven subscales, which basically measure the two factors of empathy directed towards others and helping. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.93. Competency Perception Questionnaire: This questionnaire has 4 subscales and 27 questions in Likert format, which subscales are: behavioral competence, academic competence, social competence and physical competence. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.86. Child abuse self-report questionnaire: This questionnaire was prepared in 2000 and has 38 items that measure and evaluate a range of child abuse behavior. The reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.91.ResultsThe findings showed that the components of emotional suppression, prosocial behavior and perception of competence in adolescents with and without the experience of harassment have significant differences (p<0.05).ConclusionBased on this, it can be concluded that teenagers who have experienced harassment because they think the outside world is unsafe and have a negative view of themselves, others and the environment. In the components of emotional suppression, they obtained higher scores and in social behaviors and perception of competence, they obtained lower scores.
Family Psychology
Atefeh Zaker Esfahani; Mokhtar Arefi; Keivan Kakabaraee; Azita Chehri
Abstract
Emotional divorce is a kind of separation, couples live together under the same roof but do not have love and tolerate each other. This research was conducted with the aim of modeling emotional divorce based on metacognitive beliefs in divorce applicants with the mediation of emotional processing and ...
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Emotional divorce is a kind of separation, couples live together under the same roof but do not have love and tolerate each other. This research was conducted with the aim of modeling emotional divorce based on metacognitive beliefs in divorce applicants with the mediation of emotional processing and ineffective communication beliefs. The research method of this study is descriptive-correlation type; The statistical population of the research included all women and men applying for divorce who referred to clinics and family counseling centers in Isfahan city in 2021. In order to determine the sample size, based on Klein's (2010) point of view, in structural models, the sample size is at least 200 people and 226 men and women who referred were selected using available sampling method, and responded to the metacognitive beliefs questionnaires of Wells (1997) Gutman's emotional divorce (2008) Bakker et al.'s emotional processing (2010) Idelson and Epstein's dysfunctional communication beliefs(1981), and path analysis was used in the analyzed structural equations. The results showed that direct paths of metacognitive beliefs and relational beliefs to emotional divorce are 0.22 and 0.21, respectively, which is significant at the 0.01 level (P<0.01), while the direct path of processing Emotion is not significant to emotional divorce (P>0.05). Also, the direct paths of metacognitive beliefs to emotional processing and communication beliefs are equal to 0.61 and 0.53, respectively, and are significant at the 0.01 level (P<0.01). The total coefficient of the path of metacognitive beliefs to emotional divorce is equal to 0.34, of which 0.10 is the contribution of the indirect coefficient and is significant at the 0.05 level (P<0.05). The results of direct paths showed that metacognitive beliefs and relational beliefs are significant to emotional divorce (P<0.01), while the direct path of emotional processing to emotional divorce is not significant (P>0.05). Also, the indirect paths showed that marital communication beliefs and emotional processing could play a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and emotional divorce. The fit indices of the assumed model are at the optimal and good level, which indicates the good fit of the model. The normalized chi-square value (CMIN/DF) is equal to 3.44 and since it is less than 5, it indicates the desirability of the proposed model. In this way, the proposed model fits with the desired model and ineffective communication and emotional processing beliefs have been able to play a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and emotional divorce. It can be concluded that metacognitive beliefs can predict the emotional divorce of divorce applicants through marital communication beliefs and emotional processing.
zahra emamzamani; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Ali Mashhadi
Abstract
IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety or fear of social situations in which a person may be evaluated by others. People with this disorder worry about receiving negative and positive evaluations from others and avoid situations where they may be evaluated. ...
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IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety or fear of social situations in which a person may be evaluated by others. People with this disorder worry about receiving negative and positive evaluations from others and avoid situations where they may be evaluated. Social anxiety disorder is related to lower quality of life and more interpersonal, occupational, and academic problems. A high percentage of people with this disorder also report comorbid disorders such as other anxiety disorders, depression, and some personality disorders. Despite high prevalence and important consequences of social anxiety disorder, studies show that one-third of people with this disorder receive treatments. Social anxiety disorder, if not treated, can turn into a chronic disorder that leads to problems, destruction, and comorbid or subsequent disorders such as anxiety disorders and depression. Contextual schema therapy is an approach that integrates Young's schema therapy with the concepts of third-wave therapies and corrects coping, inner critic, and child modes and strengthens healthy adult mode. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy on the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation in people with social anxiety disorder. MethodThe present study was performed in the frame of an A-B single-subject design. The statistical population consisted of all the people with social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city, in 1400, out of which 12 people were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects received contextual schema therapy for 16 weekly sessions of 1 hour. The tools were used in the study included the Carleton et al. Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-II and the Weeks et al. Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale. The data were analyzed using improvement percentage, reliable change index, non-overlapping effect size and visual analysis.ResultsThe reliable change index (1.96 <), the improvement percentage (25% <) and the non-overlapping data showed the significant effect of the intervention in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation of all subjects. The improvement percentage at the follow-up stage indicated that the treatment was effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation.DiscussionBased on the findings, contextual schema therapy by integrating the third wave approaches was effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation. Therefore, contextual schema therapy can be suggested as an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder.
Health Psychology
mojtaba aghili; Zahra Poorbahman; Ensiyeh Babaee
Abstract
IntroductionLupus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly activates against the body's cells and causes damage to the body's tissues. The prevalence of lupus in women is about 9 times higher than in men. Usually, people between 15 and 45 years old get this disease. Symptoms of ...
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IntroductionLupus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly activates against the body's cells and causes damage to the body's tissues. The prevalence of lupus in women is about 9 times higher than in men. Usually, people between 15 and 45 years old get this disease. Symptoms of this disease include skin rashes, sensitivity to light, mouth ulcers, arthritis and fever. This disease, with alternating phases of recovery, exacerbation of clinical symptoms, and the involvement of almost all organs and tissues, which is sometimes irreversible, can affect various aspects of the patients' lives and mental and physical health and lead to a disruption in their quality of life.MethodsThe current research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population of the study was all the patients with lupus hospitalized in Ghaem and Razavi hospitals of Mashhad in 2022, using available sampling method, 45 people were selected as a sample and randomly divided into 3 groups of experiment 1 (admission-based treatment and commitment), experiment 2 (compassion-focused therapy) and the control group were included.Research toolsBasic Psychological Needs Questionnaire: This questionnaire was created by LaGuardia et al in 2000 and contains 21 questions graded on a 7-point Likert scale. The reliability coefficients obtained from the implementation of this questionnaire on the subjects' mother, father, romantic partner and friends were reported as 0.92, 0.92, 0.92 and 0.92 respectively. Incongruent Magnification Questionnaire: This questionnaire was created by Riskind et al in the year (2000) and consists of six display texts that respondents answer each item on a 5-point scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). they give. The reliability coefficient of this questionnaire in the study of Riskind et al. (2000) was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.84. Stress Coping Strategies Questionnaire: This questionnaire was created in 1990 by Endler & Parker in order to evaluate how people deal with their problems. This test has 48 statements and includes three coping styles, i.e. problem-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, and avoidant coping style. The reliability of the whole test is reported as 0.85 and its validity as 0.78. ResultsThe results of the research showed that therapy based on acceptance and commitment and therapy focused on compassion on basic psychological needs, maladaptive magnification and stress coping strategies are effective in patients with lupus (P<0.05). Also, compassion-focused therapy has more effectiveness on basic psychological needs, maladaptive magnification, and stress coping strategies in lupus patients.ConclusionBased on this, the results of the research indicate that treatment focused on compassion leads to the inhibition of automatic emotional reactions and the cultivation of a sense of human commonality in patients, leading to an increase in the feeling of satisfaction of basic psychological needs and a decrease in maladaptive magnification and stress coping strategies.
Psychometrics scales
Iman SHAKERI; Ali Mehdad; hadi farhadi
Abstract
IntroductionGiven the changing nature of today’s workforce, it is becoming increasingly common, and at times even vital, for employees to be well-prepared for navigating complex social situations to fulfill everyday organizational demands. However, while effective interpersonal interactions are ...
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IntroductionGiven the changing nature of today’s workforce, it is becoming increasingly common, and at times even vital, for employees to be well-prepared for navigating complex social situations to fulfill everyday organizational demands. However, while effective interpersonal interactions are clearly required in many occupations, an ongoing deficiency of critical interpersonal knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAOs) among employees has been widely recognized. The current study seeks to answer a critical call in the literature for better methods of assessing and developing employee interpersonal KSAOs, especially in terms of how to assess employee effectiveness in the application of these KSAOs to socially complex situations. Specifically, the current study develops and provides initial validity evidence for a situational judgment test (SJT) of critical social thinking, the underlying set of processes that put interpersonal KSAOs into practice.MethodThe present study was conducted within the framework of descriptive and correlation based psychometric design. The statistical population included all managers of the Iran Alloy Steel Company in the first half of 2022, of which 196 people (for exploratory factor analysis and reliability) and 210 separate people (for confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity), who were selected by stratified sampling method. In order to design the situations and answer options of the scale, were used viewpoints of subject matter experts, and to analyze the data, reliability analysis, correlation methods, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used.ResultsIn otder to investigate the validity of situational judgment test of critical social thinking several method were used. The exploratory factor analysis with principal components method and varimax rotation, as expected, suggested a structure based on three subscales include "scanning", "appraising/assessing", "interpreting". Confirmatory factor analysis showed the researcher’s hypothesis that the structure is based on three components is confirmed. Also, convergent validity was confirmed by its correlation with the scores of critical social thinking in the assessment center. Evaluation of internal consistency of scale by Cronbach’s alpha method and correlation of each question whit total score, showed that questions of this scale have acceptable internal consistency. Discussionoverally, the study findings showed situational judgment test of critical social thinking is composed of three factors and acceptable validity and reliability. Consequently, it can be applied to measure critical social thinking of employees in complex organizational situations. This research has provided promising fields for studies that measure and develop critical social thinking in the workplace.Keywords: situational judgment test, critical social thinking, factor analysis, assessment center
shadi jazini; Fahimeh Namdarpour; abbas amanelahi
Abstract
Adolescence is one of the most critical stages of life. Homeless adolescents are not only more exposed to sexual harm than others but also miss educational opportunities using effective resources due to isolation and stressful events in their lives. Such adolescents are also more likely to experience ...
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Adolescence is one of the most critical stages of life. Homeless adolescents are not only more exposed to sexual harm than others but also miss educational opportunities using effective resources due to isolation and stressful events in their lives. Such adolescents are also more likely to experience dysfunctional relationships with parents and other people and are also more exposed to trauma and other risk factors that increase the likelihood of unsafe sex. These behaviors include starting sexual intercourse at a young age, having more sexual partners, and insufficient use of contraceptive methods. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide a qualitative analysis of the sexual problems of adolescents living in boarding welfare centers.MethodThe present study sought to analyze the sexual problems of adolescents living in boarding welfare centers using Colaizzi’s qualitative phenomenological approach. The participants were 15 adolescents who were selected using purposive sampling. The data from the adolescents was collected using semi-structured interviews that continued until data saturation. Each interview lasted about 45 to 60 minutes. The data were clustered into primary themes, subthemes, and main themes. The primary themes were extracted in the first stage. To this end, the themes and the statements from the first interview were extracted and labeled. The subthemes were extracted and categorized after labeling several interviews. At this stage, almost all categories were identified. The data from each interview were confirmed by the participant. After the completion of each interview, the recorded notes and statements were carefully reviewed immediately to ensure the credibility of the data. Moreover, the main codes and themes were examined in several meetings with subject-matter experts, and the validity of the findings was confirmed by the participants and the experts in the field.ResultsThe data were coded and analyzed in three stages. The results revealed 27 primary themes, 9 subthemes, and 3 main themes including sexual traumas, sexual misbehavior, and invalid sexual modeling. DiscussionThe findings showed that adolescents with sexual problems are engaged in sexual traumas, sexually wrong behaviors, and invalid sexual modeling. Thus, to improve the sexual health of adolescents, clear, specific, and practical educational intervention programs need to be formulated and implemented.
Health Psychology
sayedhamidreza Shavaran; ahmad abedi; Bahar Rashidi; Seyed Hedayat Davarpanah
Abstract
The quality of work life is a philosophy of management science, emphased on increasing the dignity of human and with the aim of psychological well-being and people's physical health in order to create opportunities for growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of work ...
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The quality of work life is a philosophy of management science, emphased on increasing the dignity of human and with the aim of psychological well-being and people's physical health in order to create opportunities for growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of work life of steel industry employees in Iran, based on the qualitative method. In order to identify factors affecting the quality of life of steel industry employees and provide strategies and consequences. 18 employees, experts and managers of Mobarakeh Steel Company and 7 academic experts interviewed with the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. The results showed that the causal factors affecting the quality of work life include 5 categories of personal issues, work-life balance and responsibilities, management issues, organizational justice, and the work environment. Effective strategies were presented for all categories. The results indicate that undoubtedly, paying attention to factors affecting the quality of life of workers will increase productivity and attract talented humans, reducing costs and increasing profitability. Also, identifying destructive factors leads managers to search for effective solutions.The quality of work life is a philosophy of management science, emphased on increasing the dignity of human and with the aim of psychological well-being and people's physical health in order to create opportunities for growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of work life of steel industry employees in Iran, based on the qualitative method. In order to identify factors affecting the quality of life of steel industry employees and provide strategies and consequences. 18 employees, experts and managers of Mobarakeh Steel Company and 7 academic experts interviewed with the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. The results showed that the causal factors affecting the quality of work life include 5 categories of personal issues, work-life balance and responsibilities, management issues, organizational justice, and the work environment. Effective strategies were presented for all categories. The results indicate that undoubtedly, paying attention to factors affecting the quality of life of workers will increase productivity and attract talented humans, reducing costs and increasing profitability. Also, identifying destructive factors leads managers to search for effective solutions.
Mojtaba Sourian Reihanpour; Mahsa Kashefizadeh
Abstract
IntroductionDivorce reflects a flaw in different aspects of life and the dynamics of the family structure, and it is associated with higher levels of hostility in both women and men. Furthermore, divorce indicates the inability of the family which usually manifests itself in the form of unstable, dogmatic, ...
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IntroductionDivorce reflects a flaw in different aspects of life and the dynamics of the family structure, and it is associated with higher levels of hostility in both women and men. Furthermore, divorce indicates the inability of the family which usually manifests itself in the form of unstable, dogmatic, or turbulent family patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the group cognitive behavioral therapy on attributional styles, coping strategies, and alexithymia of divorced applicant couples in Eqlid city.MethodThis is a quasi-experimental study with three pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages with two experimental and control groups. From all divorced applicant couples referring to the Social Emergency Centers of Eqlid, 40 individuals were selected by the available sampling method and they were assigned to two experimental and control groups by completely random allocation. The participants of the experimental group underwent the group cognitive-behavioral therapy for 12 sessions over three months (one day a week and each session for 120 minutes). The Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WoCQ), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (FTAS-20) were used to collect data during pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Then, data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe results showed that individuals in the experimental group in comparison to persons in the control group had significantly higher performance in all components of attributional styles (except seeking social support subscale), coping strategies, and alexithymia. Also, the effects of the group cognitive-behavioral therapy were stable until the four-month follow-up.DiscussionMental health professionals can apply these findings to promoting a couple's mental well-being and reducing marital conflict among couples in both clinical and non-clinical settings. Also, these results are useful for effective treatment and prevention goals by family and community psychologists who work with dysfunctional families and divorced applicant couples.
Developmental Psychology
Akram Esfahani; Hasan Heydari; zabih pirani; hossein davudi
Abstract
IntroductionHumans are social creatures and need to be together and cooperate with each other. According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, a person can function, participate, and cooperate properly in society only if he feels that he belongs to that society. There is an innate sense or social ...
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IntroductionHumans are social creatures and need to be together and cooperate with each other. According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, a person can function, participate, and cooperate properly in society only if he feels that he belongs to that society. There is an innate sense or social interest in a human being that gradually appears during growth and development and helps him to live a healthy, successful life with others based on cooperation and empathy. Accordingly, social interest is a measure of health and weakness in it is a sign of psychological damage.This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model for predicting social interest based on attachment styles with the mediating role of forgiveness of women.MethodThe cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of the current study was made up of all the women who referred to Sarai Mahalat in Tehran in 2020-2021, and among them, 305 people were selected by single-stage cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of social interest (Crandall, 1976), attachment styles (Hazen and Shaver, 1987), and forgiveness (Rai et al., 2001) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. To analyze the data, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V7.8 software were used.To respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. ResultsThe results showed that attachment styles have a direct effect on social interest in women. Attachment styles have an indirect effect on social interest in women with the mediating role of forgiveness. Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that forgiveness is one of the important processes that increase social interest either directly or indirectly by reducing the negative impact of factors such as insecure attachment styles.DiscussionAs a result, to increase social interest between spouses, while paying attention to their attachment style, it is necessary to strengthen forgiveness between them.Due to the fact that people with insecure avoidant attachment style are unable to share their thoughts and feelings with others, in fact, it can be said that the avoidant person's relationships with others are not stable, whereas a person with high social interest, He has certain ideas and beliefs in life, which are stable and manifested in interpersonal relationships, leading to stable relationships. Avoidant insecure attachment style has a negative relationship with low social interest. In the analysis of this relationship, it can be said that people with low social interest and avoidance both benefit from emotion-oriented coping methods.
Educational Psychology
Abolfazl Nejati mehr; Mohammad saeid Abdekhodaei; Abbas Firoozabadi
Abstract
Introduction
Teaching is a job with a high level of stress, and stress is a normal emotional response to threatening events; But when stress becomes chronic, it becomes traumatic. Finally, the stress of the teaching job leads to experiencing severe anxiety, decreasing job satisfaction, leaving the job, ...
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Introduction
Teaching is a job with a high level of stress, and stress is a normal emotional response to threatening events; But when stress becomes chronic, it becomes traumatic. Finally, the stress of the teaching job leads to experiencing severe anxiety, decreasing job satisfaction, leaving the job, and increasing burnout. Therefore, examining burnout and the factors that can affect its level and severity is of great importance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-compassion and burnout of teachers with more than ten years of experience, considering the mediating role of resilience.
Method
In this research, which was conducted by correlation method and structural equation model, a sample size of 372 teachers (220 men and 152 women( with more than ten years of work experience was selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. For data collection, the Neff self-compassion Scale, The Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale and The Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software.
Results
The findings of structural equation modeling showed that all paths are statistically significant. So that the direct effect of self-compassion on burnout (β=-0.27, p < 0.003) and its indirect effect through resilience (p < 0.001, β=-0.28) are statistically significant. Resilience also has a significant direct effect on burnout (p < 0.002, β = -0.43). Also, 42% of the variance of burnout can be explained based on self-compassion and resilience.
Conclusion
The findings showed that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between on self-compassion and burnout. There is a significant positive relationship between self-kindness, a sense of Common humanity and mindfulness with burnout, and there is a significant negative relationship between self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification with burnout. In explaining these findings, it should be stated that self-compassion originates from positive psychology, which believes that the level of psychological well-being should be improved through accepting abilities and improving them, so people who have high self-compassion, By taking serious care and attention to themselves and using compassionate guides, they help themselves to provide the means for their growth and development, which results in reducing negative mood and ultimately reducing the experience of burnout. With these interpretations, Self-compassion can be an important variable related to burnout, because it empowers a person to take control of the situation when faced with life's problems and hardships by influencing resilience.
Mohsen Arbezi
Abstract
Aim: Moral characteristics are virtues that can affect the quality of different dimensions of people's lives. Conscientiousness is one of the most critical ethical virtues. Therefore, a tool with appropriate psychometric properties must measure this ethical background with other variables. ...
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Aim: Moral characteristics are virtues that can affect the quality of different dimensions of people's lives. Conscientiousness is one of the most critical ethical virtues. Therefore, a tool with appropriate psychometric properties must measure this ethical background with other variables. The current research aims to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the conscientiousness ethics scale.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the conscientiousness ethics scale in a group of Shiraz University undergraduate students.Methods: The undergraduate students in the present study were from Shiraz University; 440 (221 women and 219 men) were selected by the multistage random clustering method and responded to the conscientiousness ethics scale. After entering data into the software SPSS-16, The data were randomly divided into two equal parts; Thus, to perform exploratory factor analysis, Data from the first 220 samples And confirmatory factor analysis were collected from 220 other samples.Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that conscientiousness ethics is composed of two factors, conscientiousness and trustworthiness. The confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the two-factor structure of conscientiousness ethics. The values of Cronbach's alpha coefficients also confirmed the instrument's reliability.Conclusion: In general, the results of this research show the efficiency of the conscientiousness ethics scale; And researchers in the field of moral psychology can use it
Family Psychology
Mahbobeh Abbasi Ghomi; Hasan Heydari; Mojtaba Mahamodi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented schema therapy and combined behavioral therapy on sexual self-esteem, quality of marital relationship, communication patterns and emotional narcissism in conflicting couples referred to counseling centers in Qom. The family is ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented schema therapy and combined behavioral therapy on sexual self-esteem, quality of marital relationship, communication patterns and emotional narcissism in conflicting couples referred to counseling centers in Qom. The family is the main core of every society and the center of maintaining people's health and mental health, and it is not the only place to meet the emotional, material, developmental and spiritual needs of its members, but the origin of human emotions and the center of the most intimate relationships and interactions. It is also interpersonal. The concept of family and the value of this social institution is considered as the basic work for every government and society, and every society, according to its values, first goes to the family to help its society from within. For this reason, the family is one of the first institutions that must change in society. Therefore, the foundation of the family is formed based on the marriage contract between the husband and wife so that they can experience a peaceful and happy life together, but unfortunately, abundant evidence indicates that couples in today's society Establishing and maintaining intimate and friendly relationships have severe and difficult problems. One of the common problems in couples' relationships that has attracted the attention of therapists is couples' conflicts. Conflict in relationships occurs when a person's behavior does not match the other person's expectations. All over the world, there is an increasing concern about increasing the level of marital conflict and its serious effect on the functioning and stability of the family. MethodSemi-experimental research method with pretest design - Post-test with two experimental groups and a control group and the statistical population, including all women with marital conflicts referred to counseling centers in Qom province in 2021. From this population, 21 couples were selected by sampling method and randomly divided into three groups: emotion-oriented schema therapy (7 couples), integrated behavior (7 couples) and control (7 couples). Both experimental groups received ten 60-minute training sessions. Subjects were examined before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and at the follow-up stage for three months using the Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire (1986), Schwartz (1996) Sexual Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the quality of subsequent marital relationships, et al. (1995), and Christ's age and relationship patterns. Salavi (1984) Assessing Assistance. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS software and multivariate covariance analysis method. ResultsThe findings showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in sexual self-esteem, marital relationship quality, constructive communication patterns, and emotional ataxia in the post-test phase. The results showed that emotional schema therapy increased the results of three variables: self-esteem, quality of marital relationship, and mutual constructive communication, and decreased the three variables of withdrawal expectation, mutual communication, and emotional dyslexia. Emotional-centered couple therapy is effective on emotional apathy, relationship quality, sexual self-esteem, and communication patterns among conflicting couples. In explaining the above results, it can be said: the goal of couple therapy based on schema-emotional therapy is to change emotional patterns that are linked to communication problems.DiscussionTherefore, according to the research, it can be concluded that emotion-oriented schema therapy can increase sexual self-esteem, the quality of relationships and communication patterns, and reduce Alexithymia. In the model of emotional schemas, people differ from each other in terms of the interpretation and evaluations they make of their emotional experience, and they may try to deal with their emotions with different strategies such as experiential avoidance, ineffective cognitive strategies, social support, or other strategies. to deal with, which causes mental disorders and on the one hand, the formation of high conflicts between couples, but during the process of treatment with various techniques, including cognitive reconstruction, couples with problems are changed or adjusted, and this model is based on this principle. It is established that emotional disorders are caused by beliefs, interpretations and strategies used to deal with emotions. Therefore, interventions related to emotional schemas can be effective on marital satisfaction and marital problems, and subsequently reduce conflicts in couples.
Clinical Psychology
narges rahmatabadi; zeynab khanjani; touraj hashemi
Abstract
Obsession is a chronic anxiety disorder that is associated with excessive mental preoccupation with order and detail, as well as perfectionism, to the extent that it leads to the loss of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, which, despite the high prevalence, is one of the most resistant disorders ...
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Obsession is a chronic anxiety disorder that is associated with excessive mental preoccupation with order and detail, as well as perfectionism, to the extent that it leads to the loss of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, which, despite the high prevalence, is one of the most resistant disorders to treatment. According to the fifth edition of the manual for the diagnosis and statistics of mental disorders, according to the researchers' estimation, psychotic-practical disorder is seen in ten percent of outpatients in medical offices and clinics, and it is the fourth psychiatric disease after phobias, substance-related disorders, and major depressive disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder sufferers experience a range of emotional reactions when faced with situations that trigger obsessive thoughts and actions. There are individual differences related to the sensitivity to these emotions and the way they are regulated, which is called emotional regulation (Hoffman, Carpenter, & Joshua, 2016). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the structural relationships between borderline personality disorder symptoms and attachment styles with obsessive symptoms through emotion regulation.MethodResearch design. The present is a descriptive correlation (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and its sampling method is cluster random, so that 5 faculties of Tabriz University were randomly selected and 94 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the faculties. In order to measure the signs of obsession from the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCI-R) list, borderline personality traits from the Borderline Personality Disorder (STB) questionnaire, and attachment styles from the Hazen and Passion and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire from Gross and John (2003) The data were analyzed through structural equation modelingResultsThe obtained data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results of the research showed that the effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of 0.35. The effect of borderline personality disorder on reappraisal is significant with an effect size of -0.52, and the effect of borderline personality disorder on repression is significant with an effect size of 0.38. The effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms due to reappraisal is significant with an effect size of -0.36, and the effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms due to suppression is significant with an effect size of 0.16. The effect of secure attachment on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of -0.39. The effect of secure attachment on reappraisal and suppression is significant with an effect size of -0.31. The effect of avoidant attachment on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of 0.27, on reappraisal with an effect size of -0.32, and on suppression with an effect size of 0.31. The effect of avoidant attachment on obsessive symptoms is not significant due to reappraisal with an effect size of -0.07 and suppression with an effect size of 0.06. The effect of ambivalent attachment is significant on obsessive symptoms with an effect size of 0.30, on reappraisal with an effect size of -0.29, and on suppression with an effect size of 0.50.
mojtaba aghili; narges khatoon arbabi
Abstract
Problems and disorders of married life have negative consequences for the mental and physical health of spouses. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance-based therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the rate of depression and chronic pain in abused women in Gorgan. ...
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Problems and disorders of married life have negative consequences for the mental and physical health of spouses. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance-based therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the rate of depression and chronic pain in abused women in Gorgan. This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all women who were abused by their wives in Gorgan, from which 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of 10 people. The research instruments were Beck Depression Inventory and Chronic Pain Questionnaire; The experimental groups received a training program based on acceptance, commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The data of the present study were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Findings showed that acceptance-based therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective on the rate of depression and chronic pain in abused women (0.000). Also, comparing the effectiveness of these two models, indicated that there was no significant difference between these two models in reducing the rate of depression and chronic pain in women who were abused by their husbands (0.088). According to the results, acceptance and commitment-based therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can reduce the rate of depression and chronic pain in abused women.
Clinical Psychology
Mona Mohammadi; Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; Iran Davoudi; Saeid Afrozpour; Mehdi Soleimani
Abstract
IntroductionIn recent years, studies in the field of narcissism have received increasing attention from researchers, but despite the growing interest in the concept of narcissism, there are many unanswered questions, especially about the nature of this structure. The present study aimed to investigate ...
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IntroductionIn recent years, studies in the field of narcissism have received increasing attention from researchers, but despite the growing interest in the concept of narcissism, there are many unanswered questions, especially about the nature of this structure. The present study aimed to investigate the role of narcissistic narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in predicting self-presentation tactics in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.MethodDescriptive research method of conventional (focal) correlation and its statistical population is all graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were studying in 1996-97 (N = 1500). After obtaining the necessary permits from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, the questionnaires were distributed among the selected students based on multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software A total of 250 students were randomly selected based on the Cochran's formula according to the size of the population, in a multi-stage cluster method. Finally, by stratified random sampling method, the sample size was selected from the target population (n = 222). Collection tools included a pathological narcissism questionnaire (Pincus et al., 2009) and a scale of self-Presentation tactics(Tedeschi & Melburg, 1984).ResultsThe results showed that the linear combination of defensive and assertive self-presentation tactics can be predicted by the linear combination of predictor variables. Significance of the whole model showed that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of self-Presentation tactics and existential expression with grandius and vulnerable narcissism (P<0.005). Predictive variables explain 28% of the variance of the criterion variables. Overall, the findings showed that the types of narcissism (grandius and vulnerable) can be predicted based on the type and extent of using different types of self-presentation tactics (defensive and assertiveness). Of the two criterion variables, self- Presentation tactics are more important in the linear criterion variable. On the other hand, in the first function, among the predictor variables, the narcissistic narcissist has the largest share in the linear composition of its category. In other words, the first function of self-Presentation tactics is predicted by grandius narcissism.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the present study, It is suggested that clinical specialists pay special attention to the types of narcissism and the self-presentation tactics of clients with narcissistic personality disorder in order to know and understand more about these people. It is better for clinical psychologists (considering the existence of two types of narcissism) in their diagnostic interviews to pay attention to the narcissism of the vulnerable type and examine its symptoms in clients who are dissatisfied with their self-esteem or have problems in interpersonal relationships.
Clinical Psychology
mahin etemadnia; parsa javanmard; Majid Mahmoud Alilou; Abbas Bakhshipour Roudsari; Mansour Bayrami
Abstract
IntroductionThe present study evaluated the triple vulnerability model for depression, general anxiety, and social phobia. Each level of the triple vulnerability model for each disorder was examined with looming vulnerability style as a disorder-specific psychological vulnerability for GAD and social ...
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IntroductionThe present study evaluated the triple vulnerability model for depression, general anxiety, and social phobia. Each level of the triple vulnerability model for each disorder was examined with looming vulnerability style as a disorder-specific psychological vulnerability for GAD and social phobia.MethodThe method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. 370 students from Urmia universities were selected from which 340 students (177 men, 162 women) completed Neuroticism and Extraversion Subscales (Neo-FFI), Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ-R), Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ). ResultsThe results of path analysis indicated that neuroticism had significant direct effects on all three disorders, and holding neuroticism constant, extraversion was inversely associated with depression and social phobia. Perceived control was significantly associated with GAD only, holding neuroticism and extraversion constant. Of the disorder-specific psychological vulnerability, holding general vulnerability dimensions constant, looming vulnerability style was not specific predictor of GAD and social phobia. Based on the results reported in the first model of the study (general bio-vulnerability), the effect coefficients of all variables are significant at the level (p <0.01). In the second model (general psychological vulnerability), the coefficients of the effect of neuroticism and extraversion on all three variables are significant; However, the perceived control pathway coefficient is significant only on pervasive anxiety (p <0.01). In the third model of the research (specific vulnerability with the addition of near-risk perception style), the coefficients of the effect of neuroticism, extraversion and perceived control on all three variables are significant; However, after maintaining the effect of the dimensions of general vulnerability, namely neuroticism, extraversion, and perceived control, the coefficient of the near-risk perception pathway on social anxiety and depression is significant. The coefficients of neuroticism pathway on social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and depression are 0.44, 0.39 and 0.40, respectively (p <0.01). The coefficient of extraversion pathway on social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and depression was -0.36, -0.31 and -0.33, respectively (p <0.01). Perceived control path's coefficients on social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and depression were reported as -0.25, -0.30 and -0.28, respectively (p <0.01). The coefficient of near-risk perception style path's coefficient on social anxiety (0.26) is at the level of 0.01 and the pathway coefficient of near-risk perception style on depression (0.19) is at the level of 0.05; however, the coefficient of near-risk perception style on pervasive anxiety (0.11) is not significant.ConclusionThe results are discussed in regard to transdiagnostic models of the emotional disorders and the various roles of general and specific vulnerability dimensions in the onset, severity, and temporal course of psychopathology.
Educational Psychology
Sara Ebrahimi; Zeynab Laki
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of problematic Internet use in the relationship between cyberbullying & psychological factors. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of all boy’s high school students in Tehran ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of problematic Internet use in the relationship between cyberbullying & psychological factors. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of all boy’s high school students in Tehran in the academic year 1401-1400 that using the convenience sampling 325 people were selected as the research sample. To collect data was used Cyber-Bullying/Victimization Experiences Questionnaire, Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale, Short Depression-Happiness Scale, Self-Esteem Scale & Revised Social Connectedness Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that there are positive, significant & direct relationship between depression with problematic Internet use & cyberbullying; negative & insignificant relationship between self-esteem with problematic Internet use, & negative, significant & direct relationship between self-esteem with cyberbullying; negative, significant & direct relationship between social connectedness with problematic Internet use & cyberbullying, & there is a positive & significant relationship between problematic Internet use with cyberbullying. Indirect effects of depression & social connectedness on cyberbullying through the problematic Internet use was statistically significant & indirect effect of self-esteem was statistically insignificant. The findings of the present study added to the insight into the relationship between problematic Internet use and cyberbullying perpetration with psychological factors.
Clinical Psychology
maryam emami; maryam moghadasin; maryam ilka
Abstract
Anger is one of the most basic emotions in human beings. Psychologists regard anger as a normal and typically healthy emotion with evolutionary functions which is occasionally experienced by human beings. The way anger is experienced or expressed is important because uncontrolled anger will negatively ...
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Anger is one of the most basic emotions in human beings. Psychologists regard anger as a normal and typically healthy emotion with evolutionary functions which is occasionally experienced by human beings. The way anger is experienced or expressed is important because uncontrolled anger will negatively impact not only people's social or or personal well-being, but also their relations to others. Several factors can influence the way anger is expressed or experienced. Anger experience and its expression are distinct concepts. Anger experience refers to the emotional state that one feels, On the other hand, anger expression refers to the behavioral dimension that is one’s way of dealing with the feeling of angerThis study aimed at studying the discriminant analysis of personality characteristics (Big Five personality traits) in determining the styles of the experience and expression of anger (State anger, Trait anger, Anger expression-out (AX-O), Anger expression-in (AX-I), Anger control-out (AC-O), Anger control-in (AC-I)).MethodPopulation in the study included people above 18 years old. 241 participants (woman= 149, man= 92) were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, Short Form NEO personality inventory & State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2) questionnaires were used. Date were analyzed using discriminant analysis and Variance Analysis.ResultsResults revealed that from among the Big 5 Personality Traits, four traits neuroticism (λ=.666), conscientiousness (λ=.715), extroversion (λ=.758) and agreeableness (.795), respectively were able to discriminate individuals significantly on the basis of the anger experience and expression styles. However, Openness to Experience (λ=.928) was not significantly related to the dependent variable.DiscussionBased on the results, one can conclude individual differences in personality characteristics influences the way people experience and express anger. Personality traits are among factors influencing the way anger is expressed an experienced. As the development of personality traits begins early in childhood and such traits are supposed to remain constant all through the individual's life, it's important for parents and educators to take into account the role personality traits (Five Big personality factors) can play in the wide negative ramifications brought about by the unhealthy manifestations of anger. Parents and educators are thus recommended to make use of the theoretical knowledge and empirical findings to help develop adaptive personality traits in children and reduce the negative impacts caused thusly by the inappropriate ways of the experience and expression of anger.Alo These findings can help clinical psychologists develop intervention programs based on the Five Big personality factors to help prevent the harms created by the unhealthy ways of the manifestation of anger.
Clinical Psychology
maliheh aminian; moslem asli azad
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach on the executive functions and social competence in female students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach on the executive functions and social competence in female students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included female fourth- and fifth-grade students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in zone 2 in the city of Shiraz in academic year 2019-20. 27 students were selected through purposive sampling method from the statistical population and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. Then, the children in the experimental group received play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach in 10 sessions of 50 minutes during one month. The applied questionnaires included Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder questionnaire (ADHDQ) (Brock, Clinton, 2007), Social Competence Scale (SCS) (Cohen, and Rosman, 1972), Executive Functions Questionnaire (EFQ) (Gerard, et.al, 2000). Two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test) levels were used to analyzed the data. The results showed that play therapy method based on cognitive-behavioral approach has been effective on the executive functions and social competence of the students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (P<0.005). These results were stable in the follow-up period. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach can be used as an efficient method to improve executive functions and social competence in the students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder through increasing interpersonal and group communication skills, self-consciousness, negative emotions coping skill and increasing problem-solving and decision-making skill.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach on the executive functions and social competence in female students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included female fourth- and fifth-grade students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in zone 2 in the city of Shiraz in academic year 2019-20. 27 students were selected through purposive sampling method from the statistical population and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. Then, the children in the experimental group received play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach in 10 sessions of 50 minutes during one month. The applied questionnaires included Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder questionnaire (ADHDQ) (Brock, Clinton, 2007), Social Competence Scale (SCS) (Cohen, and Rosman, 1972), Executive Functions Questionnaire (EFQ) (Gerard, et.al, 2000). Two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test) levels were used to analyzed the data. The results showed that play therapy method based on cognitive-behavioral approach has been effective on the executive functions and social competence of the students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (P<0.005). T
Psychometrics scales
davod fathi; ahmadreza kiani; esmail sadri; ali sheikholslamy
Abstract
The Complex Spiritual Grief Scale (ICSG) is a five-item scale designed to measure meaning after bereavement. This scale has been used and validated by Nimir and Milman (2014). However, this scale has not been investigated and psychometrically tested in Iranian society. The purpose of the present research ...
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The Complex Spiritual Grief Scale (ICSG) is a five-item scale designed to measure meaning after bereavement. This scale has been used and validated by Nimir and Milman (2014). However, this scale has not been investigated and psychometrically tested in Iranian society. The purpose of the present research was to translate this scale from English to Farsi in the first stage and then to determine its psychometric properties in the Iranian sample. The research sample included 215 bereaved women who were selected in a non-random way and answered the research tool. In order to translate the meaning of grief, Brislin's method was used (Brislin, Lohner and Barry, 1986). In this method, two people who were fluent in Farsi and English were asked to translate the English version of the scale into Farsi, the first one, a psychologist, and the second one, an English language expert, who had no knowledge of the English scale and its sentences. , was asked to translate the translated sentences back into English. At first, the formal validity of the first translated version was modified with the opinion of 2 psychology experts and 3 university professors, and then the translated version was compared with the original version and its errors were also fixed. Finally, in order to get feedback from the participants in order to understand the content of the items and solve possible problems, the scale was distributed among 20 people and the ambiguity that existed in some words was solved. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 and AMOS version 24 software. Based on the findings, face validity, content and structure showed the appropriate validity and reliability of this tool. Also, convergent validity (AVE>0.50) was determined and confirmed for this questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the complex spiritual bereavement scale was evaluated using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and alpha between 0.73 and 0.81 confirmed the reliability of the dimensions of this scale. In addition, the correlation results related to the variables of the study showed that the spiritual complex grief scale has a significant correlation with the grief experience scale (p<0.01). All in all, the results of the present study showed that this scale has favorable statistical characteristics in the Iranian sample, and it can be used with confidence in Iranian samples.
Psychotherapy
Banafsheh Zarei; Yadollah Zargar; Iran Davoudi
Abstract
Introductoin: The present study was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on symptoms and quality of life (QoL) among people with panic disorder in Ahvaz city. Method:The research method was experimental single subject with non concurrent multiple baseline ...
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Introductoin: The present study was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on symptoms and quality of life (QoL) among people with panic disorder in Ahvaz city. Method:The research method was experimental single subject with non concurrent multiple baseline design trials. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals with panic disorder referring to counseling centers in Ahvaz during February, 2020 to August, 2020. Three of them were selected using available sampling and randomly between 3 to 5 baseline sessions were considered for them. The treatment program was carried out for 10 weekly sessions derived from the cognitive behavioral therapy protocol, with a follow-up period of 6 weeks subsequent to treatment termination. Data were collected from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-CV), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Quality of life Questionnaire (WHOQOL). Clinically Significant Improvement (CSI), Visual analysis, Reliable Change Index (RCI) and Clinical Efficacy was used to analyze the data. A proResults:Results showed that, panic symptom severity decreased with CBT. participants achieved a 52/69 percentage of recovery in BAI, and 55/03 percentage of recovery in QOLQ. These results indicate the effective effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing the symptoms of panic disorder and increasing the quality of life in the participants. Also, the obtained results of reliable change index in Beck anxiety scores , after the intervention sessions, (2.25 for the first participant ), (2.57 for the second participant) and (2.90 for the third participant). After 6 weeks follow-up, the reliable change index was in the first participant (2.45), the second participant (2.78) and the third participant (2.81). Considering that the score of each participant reached above Z=1.96, it is possible to attribute the change or improvement obtained to the effect of the intervention with 95% confidence level (P < 0.05).The results of reliable change index in quality of life scores after follow up indicate that in some subscales, the improvement was caused by the intervention and treatment. The rate of reliable change index was calculated in the first participant in the quality of life subscales, respectively, physical health (6.37), mental health (4.28), social relations (1.99) and environmental health (2.47). In the second participant, physical health (6/37), mental health (4/28), social relations (2/63) and environmental health (1/23) and in the third participant, physical health (5/14). Mental health (3.25), social relations (0.63) and environmental health (1.44) were obtained. ,In other words, cognitive behavioral therapy was effective on decreasing panic symptoms and increasing quality of lifeDiscussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Panic disorder is common, and Can lead to significant disruption in daily functioning and reduce quality of life. using both cognitive and behavioral techniques are effective in in improving a person's performance and improving panic symptoms, as well as improving the quality of life. accordingly, cognitive behavioral therapy CBT for treating panic disorders and improving quality of life may be useful in Iranian clinical settings.
Educational Psychology
seyedeh fateme Bahramian; mahbobe Fooladchang
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence (12-18 years old), which is characterized by puberty, is an important developmental period that is associated with the process of identity formation. An important part of this developmental process is emotional reactivity. In dealing with the problems and crises of adolescence, ...
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Introduction Adolescence (12-18 years old), which is characterized by puberty, is an important developmental period that is associated with the process of identity formation. An important part of this developmental process is emotional reactivity. In dealing with the problems and crises of adolescence, many teenagers engage in behaviors that threaten their current and future health; Drug use, violence, extreme excitement, unsafe sexual behavior and self-harm are the causes of many deaths in adolescence and early adulthood. Bergman., & Scott stated that most risky behaviors begin before the age of 18; These behaviors, which are increasing, are a reflection of psychological and emotional problems. Researches that have been carried out in the field of emotional and behavioral disorders, have mostly concluded that these disorders are more the result of the way the parents communicate with the child than genetic and biological factors Many researchers have concluded that there is a relationship between parental misbehavior and children's emotional and behavioral inconsistencies; This relationship is very important and shows that the family factor and especially the parents' behavior plays an important role in the occurrence of behavioral and emotional disorders in childhood and adulthood. Also, it seems that parenting style has a role in adolescents' coping self-efficacy beliefs. The atmosphere in the family and the behavior of the parents can affect how a person feels about himself and his abilities.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of parenting skills training on emotional reactivity and coping self-efficacy of adolescent male students.MethodThe current research was a semi-experimental type (pre-test and post-test design with a control group). The statistical population of this research included all the mothers and male students of the sixth grade of Dehdasht schools (academic year 2021-2022). The samples examined in this research were done by simple random sampling method.To collect data in the two stages of pre-test and post-test, the Coping Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CSE) by Chesney et al. (2007) and the Emotional Responsiveness Scale (ERS) by Nock et al (2008) has been used. The experimental group was trained in safe parenting skills during 8 sessions (90 minutes). While the control group did not receive such an intervention. The collected data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.ResultsThe results showed that with the pre-test control, there is a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of emotional reactivity and coping self-efficacy in the experimental and control groups. So that in the experimental group, emotional reactivity decreased and self-efficacy increased.DiscussionThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the mother's parenting skills training program on students' emotional reactivity and coping self-efficacy. The results of the analysis of the research findings showed that the parenting skills training program leads to a decrease in the total score of emotional reactivity and an increase in the self-efficacy of students. Therefore, it can be said that teaching parenting skills is effective on emotional reactivity and coping self-efficacy of adolescent male students.
Health Psychology
Nadere Afkhami; Yasser Rezapour Mirsaleh; Hossein Ghafuri Charkhabi; Azra Mohammadpanah Ardakan
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetes is a chronic and costly disease that has a high prevalence throughout the world, Iran, and specifically in Yazd province. Considering the heavy psychological and economic costs of diabetes and its complications, it is important to pay attention to all the factors that can increase ...
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IntroductionDiabetes is a chronic and costly disease that has a high prevalence throughout the world, Iran, and specifically in Yazd province. Considering the heavy psychological and economic costs of diabetes and its complications, it is important to pay attention to all the factors that can increase diabetes self-management. Since self-management is the main key to controlling diabetes and postponing the occurrence of diabetes complications, it is valuable to pay attention to distress tolerance and its affecting factors as one of the significant factors in diabetes self-management. self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence, are proposed as three psychological factors that seem can improve people's distress tolerance. But evidence shows that self-acceptance can play a mediating role in the relationship between self-actualization, self-transcendence with distress tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients; However, few studies have investigated the relationship between these variables in diabetic people, which shows the necessity of conducting more studies.Method This is a descriptive-correlational study, performed using path analysis. A total of 207 questionnaires were administered by the available sampling method in type 2 diabetic patients living in Yazd province. The data was gathered using the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) and the Existential Fulfillment Scale (Loonstra, 2007) and Existential Fulfillment Scale is composed of three subscales: self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence. The correlation and structural equation analysis was conducted to analyze the data Using SPSS-23 and AMOS-24 software, respectively. ResultsThe results showed that self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence have a significant positive relationship with distress tolerance in diabetic patients. In other words, self-actualization has a positive and direct effect on distress tolerance (r= .22, p< .01), self-transcendence has a direct and significant effect on distress tolerance (r=.23, p< .05) and the direct effect of self-acceptance on distress tolerance is statistically positive and significant (r= .24, p< .001). The data also revealed that self-actualization has a direct and positive effect on self-acceptance (β= .29, p< .001) and the direct effect of self-transcendence on self-acceptance is statistically positive and significant (β= .21, p< 0.01). Also, self-acceptance plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-actualization and distress tolerance (Sobel test= 2.72, p< .01), and as well as self-acceptance has a mediating role in the relationship of self-transcendence with distress tolerance (Sobel test= 2.45, p<.05) in diabetics. distress tolerance of diabetic patients can be predicted up to 22% by the sum of self-actualization, self-transcendence, and self-acceptance (p<.01).ConclusionThe results showed that individuals with type 2 diabetes who have higher self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence, show higher distress tolerance. considering the mediating role of self-acceptance in the proposed model, it is suggested that by trying to promote the self-actualization and self-transcendence of diabetic patients, the self-acceptance of diabetics is improved; Higher self-acceptance, in turn, leads to greater distress tolerance and ultimately better diabetes self-management.
Family Psychology
Hossein Mahdiyan; Elham Mahdiyanfar; Ali Jahangiri
Abstract
IntroductionHumans go through sensitive phases in their lives, and one of the critical and decisive phases is the issue of marriage and the formation of a common life, and more importantly, the efforts of each couple to maintain this common life so that they can reach their desired goals. Today, it is ...
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IntroductionHumans go through sensitive phases in their lives, and one of the critical and decisive phases is the issue of marriage and the formation of a common life, and more importantly, the efforts of each couple to maintain this common life so that they can reach their desired goals. Today, it is very important to expand the horizon of psychological treatments, especially to find more effective treatments. Also, comparing different treatments can be a priority among researchers to choose the most effective treatment that can be more cost-effective. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate whether mindfulness and schema therapy have an effect on marital conflict, anger management, and quality of life. And which one has more influence on the components of marital conflict, anger management and quality of life? The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and schema therapy on anger management, marital conflict and quality of life.MethodThe method used in this study was quasi-experimental in which the effect of two independent variables, namely schema therapy and mindfulness, on the dependent variables, namely marital conflict, anger management and quality of life, was examined; The pre-test-post-test design with the control group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of all men and women who referred to counseling centers. To measure independent variables such as mindfulness in this study, the mindfulness package based on the package written by Bowen, Chaula and Marlat , (2011) used to measure anger management using Spielberger anger control questionnaire, to measure quality of life from 36-item quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and to measure conflict from Zakir and Barati questionnaire (2008) to analyze information from software.ResultsThe results showed that both therapeutic schemas and mindfulness training increased anger management and reduced marital conflicts and increased the quality of life of the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the results indicated that there is no difference in the mean total score of marital conflict, anger management and quality of life in the two groups of schema therapy and mindfulness, but between the control group and the two groups of schema therapy and mindfulness in all three conflict variables. There is a significant difference between marital, anger management and quality of life (P<0.001). Therefore, both types of treatment had the same effect on marital conflict, anger management and quality of life in couples with conflict.DiscussionIn comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and mindfulness on anger management, marital conflict and quality of life in this study, it was observed that the training of both schema therapy and mindfulness groups increased anger management and reduced marital conflicts and increased quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group. Was. Therefore, the training of both therapy groups is effective in increasing anger management and reducing marital conflicts, as well as increasing the quality of marital life. In addition, both types of treatment showed the same effect on marital conflict, anger management and quality of life in couples with conflict.
Educational Psychology
Iman Farjaleh Chaabi:; Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; Naser Amini
Abstract
IntroductionHigher education in the health system is a fundamental element in the comprehensive development of the country and one of the most important social pillars that is responsible for training and providing efficient and committed human resources in the health sector. The most valuable result ...
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IntroductionHigher education in the health system is a fundamental element in the comprehensive development of the country and one of the most important social pillars that is responsible for training and providing efficient and committed human resources in the health sector. The most valuable result of all training is the ability to get a person to do something when it needs to be done. Whether he likes it or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy and schema therapy on reducing experiential avoidance in students with academic procrastination.MethodsThe research design was a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group. The statistical population included students of the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022 of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. The first sample of the research included 152 students who were selected from among seven faculties by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Then the selected people responded to Solomon and Rothblum’s Academic Procrastination Scale and those whose score was one score higher than the standard deviation were separated. Then 60 people were randomly selected from among them and placed in three groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups received behavioral activation and schema therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. In this research, Solomon and Rothblum’s Academic Procrastination Scale and Gámez et al. Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and SPSS-25 software.ResultsThe results showed that both behavioral activation therapy and schema therapy are effective in reducing the experiential avoidance of students with academic procrastination (F=29.71, p<0.0001); However, the effectiveness of schema therapy was higher than behavioral activation therapy (p<0.002).ConclusionAccording to the results obtained in this research, it is suggested that early identification of students with academic procrastination and their timely treatment should be done to eliminate their experiential avoidance. According to the results obtained from this research, behavioral activation and schema therapy are recommended as useful treatments to help reduce the clinical symptoms of students with academic procrastination. Therefore, the student counseling departments of medical sciences universities of the country can use this treatment to reduce the clinical symptoms of procrastinators, especially to reduce the experiential avoidance of students with academic procrastination and reduce the consequences of procrastination in them. Based on the results of this research, schema therapy and behavioral activation therapy can be used to reduce the experiential avoidance of students with academic procrastination.
Educational Psychology
Reyhaneh Tabesh; Fariborz Sedighi arfaee
Abstract
IntroductionAt the same time as the rapid growth of technology and the ever-increasing human progress and considering that the roles and responsibilities of adulthood have expanded and become more complex and teenagers need advanced abilities and skills to enter adulthood, Emerging adulthood theory has ...
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IntroductionAt the same time as the rapid growth of technology and the ever-increasing human progress and considering that the roles and responsibilities of adulthood have expanded and become more complex and teenagers need advanced abilities and skills to enter adulthood, Emerging adulthood theory has been proposed to explain these social and economic developments of the late 20th century. One of the main features of this developmental period is the nature of discovery and experimentation and gaining experience; It is a period in which people focus on personal growth and developing the qualities necessary for self-sufficiency, accept new roles and responsibilities, and learn the social skills necessary to assume those roles. Due to the difficulties of this developmental period, qualities such as agency should be considered an important psychological resource. Also, perfectionism, as a tendency to set very high standards in performance along with extreme self-evaluation critically, can be harmful in the path of self-sufficiency and achieving goals, especially in this developmental period. On the other hand, since emerging adulthood is associated with exploration, stress, ambiguity, and the lack of a specific role, so one's emotions and emotions also fluctuate during this period. In this regard, and considering the features of the emerging adulthood period and the importance of the structures mentioned in this period, increasing the capabilities of people and helping them to successfully transition to adulthood is of particular importance. In the meantime, education based on the logotherapy approach is one of the education that can affect a wide range of life. Therefore, the main goal of the research is to investigate the effectiveness of education based on the logotherapy approach on the sense of agency, positive affect, and perfectionism in emerging adults.MethodIt was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, control group, and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Isfahan University in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The data collection tools included the human agency scale (consisting of three components of purposefulness, futurism, and general self-efficacy), Hewitt and Flett 's perfectionism questionnaire (1991) and Watson et al.'s positive affect scale (1988). The people in the experimental group were trained based on the logotherapy approach (Hutzel, 2002) during 10, 60-minute sessions. Data analysis was also performed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. ResultsThe obtained results showed that the average scores of the feeling of agency and positive affect in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly in the post-test stage and the average scores of perfectionism decreased significantly (P≤0.01). Also, the results indicated the permanence of the training effect for the constructs of a sense of agency and perfectionism over time.DiscussionThe results of this research showed that education about discovering meaning in life can affect different aspects of life, including the sense of agency, perfectionism, and positive emotions. Using the results of this research, effective measures can be taken regarding the development of different skills in teenagers and especially emerging adults.
Shabnam Davari; Nasrin Bagheri
Abstract
IntroductionAcademic achievement shows the degree of success of a person in achieving the specific goals of the educational environment, especially the school. Academic achievement describes to students, teachers, and their parents how well students have achieved their learning goals. It is also an important ...
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IntroductionAcademic achievement shows the degree of success of a person in achieving the specific goals of the educational environment, especially the school. Academic achievement describes to students, teachers, and their parents how well students have achieved their learning goals. It is also an important criterion for making decisions and predicting the future of education and job opportunities of people. Family environment and parenting style of parents are among the important components that play an important role in the academic progress of students. Baumrind (1971) has classified parenting styles into three authoritative, authoritarian and permissive styles. Research supports the direct and indirect effects of parenting styles on academic achievement (Hayek et al., 2022; Amani, 2020). Some researchers have examined the relationship between emotions and outcomes related to the educational environment and academic achievement and support the relationship between emotional regulation and academic achievement (Albadarin, 2016).MethodThe present study was conducted by correlation method and Path analysis. The statistical population of the research consisted of all second-grade high school students studying in Private Schools in the 1st education region of Tehran in the year 2021-2022. 240 people were selected by multistage random sampling method. The participants answered the Academic Performance Questionnaire (Pham & Taylor, 1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006) and their parents answered Baumrind’s parenting Questionnaire (1973) individually during one session. ResultsThe results showed that the path coefficient between maladaptive strategies of cognitive regulation (p=0.001, β=0.208) and adaptive strategies of cognitive regulation (p=0.001, β=0.306) and academic achievement was significant. The direct path coefficient between permissive parenting style (p=0.001, β=0.221) and authoritative parenting style (p=0.001, β=0.303) was significant with academic achievement. The indirect effect coefficient between permissive parenting style and academic achievement with the mediation of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (p=0.045, β=0.028) and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (p=0.001, β=0.073) was significant. Conclusion In explaining the findings, it can be said that parenting style explains the importance of educating and preparing children to achieve success. The findings of the present study showed that the structure and various compositions of the family are related to various effects on the growth process and personality of the children and create various parenting styles that affect the personality and academic performance of the children. Thus, cognitive emotion regulation strategies under the influence of parents' parenting styles can explain the academic progress of students.
Educational Psychology
Leila Ghasemi; Sahar Safarzadeh
Abstract
IntroductionConsidering the course of world developments due to modernization and technological advancement, the 21st century man has undeniably witnessed many changes in the lifestyle and human relationships, which have caused many changes in the quality of life. Due to such changes, the type of interaction ...
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IntroductionConsidering the course of world developments due to modernization and technological advancement, the 21st century man has undeniably witnessed many changes in the lifestyle and human relationships, which have caused many changes in the quality of life. Due to such changes, the type of interaction of people in the context of the family and sometimes in the society is not unaffected and it shows its effects in different ways. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the quality of parent-child relationships in the etiology of children's behavioral problems and morbid fears. In many researches, the psychological characteristics of the mother in causing the child's behavioral problems and disorders such as children's autism have been the focus of researchers. In this, the psychological characteristics of the mother, such as the relationship she has with the child and the lack of pleasure-seeking, play an important role. Therefore, this examination of the different dimensions and conditions of parent-child relationships in children with autism and autism is very necessary.The aim of this study was to design the quality of mother-child relationships based on the dimensions of wisdom and social-emotional loneliness strategies mediated by the lack of pleasure in mothers of children with autism in Ahvaz.MethodThe statistical population of the present study was all mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz and the sample consisted of 200 mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz, who were selected and tested by the available method of autism children's schools. The Structural Equations and Research Tools Research Project includes Quantum Mother-Child Quality Questionnaires (1994), Ardlett's Wise Three-Dimensional Questionnaire (2003), an abbreviated form of the Detomaso et al. and the Questionnaire of Lack of Pleasure by Senate et al. (1995). Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results showed that there is a direct relationship between cognitive, reflective and emotional dimension of wisdom and quality of mother-child relationships.There is a direct relationship between the feeling of romantic and social loneliness and the quality of mother-child relationships, but this direct relationship with family loneliness was not significant. There is also a direct relationship between cognitive dimension, wisdom reflection and lack of pleasure, but the direct relationship between emotional dimension of intelligence and lack of pleasure was not significant. There is a direct relationship between the feeling of family loneliness and the lack of pleasure, but this direct relationship was not significant with the feeling of romantic and social loneliness. At the same time, there is a significant direct relationship between lack of pleasure and quality of mother-child relationships. The results also found that there was an indirect relationship between cognitive dimension and reflexivity, sense of family loneliness, of mother-child relationships through mediated lack of pleasure. Also, during the research results, the suitability of the research model was confirmed.DiscussionAccording to the obtained results, it is suggested that the educational program and specialized workshops in the field of increasing the skills of parents' behavior with autistic children or increasing the feeling of pleasure-seeking should be organized by experienced psychologists in educational environments as well as schools. It is also suggested that by creating associations for autistic children and participating in the associations, steps should be taken towards supporting the minimum capabilities and getting familiar with other different behavioral characteristics in these children, and in this way, the level of dependence of the autistic child on the mother will be reduced and Based on the minimum ability seen in these children, a suitable productivity program of their time and life can be set and implemented.
Clinical Psychology
Houra Ebrahimi rad; ilnaz sajjadian
Abstract
Introduction : Internalizing disorders are the most frequent among elementary school students and are often manifested due to irregularity in mood and emotions, and it affects children with weak self-expression more. Studies have shown that one of the most important causes of internalizing disorders ...
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Introduction : Internalizing disorders are the most frequent among elementary school students and are often manifested due to irregularity in mood and emotions, and it affects children with weak self-expression more. Studies have shown that one of the most important causes of internalizing disorders in children is family factors, and in this way, it seems that mindful parenting education provides a framework for parents to correct ineffective parenting practices, provide appropriate feedback, and pay attention to parent-child relationships. to focus on the present time and with this method it improved the mood and positive self-expression in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on the positive self-expression and mood of students with internalizing disorders.Method: The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test with a control group and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all the female students of the second year of elementary school with internalizing disorders in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2018-2019 along with their mothers. From the mentioned society, 30 student-mothers were selected and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Mindful parenting training program was implemented for the experimental group during 8 sessions. The research tools were temperament scale (Malhotra, 1993), self-expression scale (Gambrill and Reggie, 1975) and child behavior checklist (Achenbach, 1991). For statistical analysis, SPSS software version 22 was used in this research to analyze the data, and the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used to test the hypotheses.Results: In the variables of positive self-expression and mood, the difference between the two experimental and control groups in the pre-test is insignificant. However, in the post-test and follow-up stage, the difference between the control group and the group of mindful parenting education is significant in positive self-expression and mood (p<0.05). The effect of parenting training in improving positive self-expression in the post-test and follow-up phase is equal to 18.7 and 21 percent, respectively, and in improving mood in the post-test phase is equal to 27.6 percent and in the follow-up phase is equal to 36 percent. According to the results, it can be concluded that mindful parenting training is effective on positive self-expression and mood of students with internalizing disorder, and the effects of training remain in the follow-up phase.Discussion: Therefore, in order to improve positive self-expression and mood of students with internalizing disorder, it is possible to benefit from mindful parenting training.
Educational Psychology
rouhollah rahdar; maryam zare; mehdi rahimi
Abstract
IntroductionBurnout develops gradually as a result of extensive and prolonged work-related stress .This study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the perceived fit between teachers and work environment with socio-contextual burnout through the mediating role of teachers' ...
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IntroductionBurnout develops gradually as a result of extensive and prolonged work-related stress .This study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the perceived fit between teachers and work environment with socio-contextual burnout through the mediating role of teachers' proactive strategies (self-regulatory and co-regulatory) in the academic year of 2021-22 .MethodThe present study was conducted using a correlational design and structural equation modeling. To this purpose, 386 teachers were selected from 36 girl and boy elementary, middle and high schools using multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data, the Proactive Strategies Scale and the Socio-Contextual Teacher Burnout Inventory (STBI) and the role of perceived fit between teachers and work environment developed by Pietarinen et al. (2013) were used.ResultsFindings obtained from structural equations in Amos suggested that the perceived fit between teachers and work environment (received professional recognition and productive and capable work environment) negatively predicts socio-contextual teacher burnout in both models through the mediating role of self-regulation (-0.58) and co-regulation (-0.35) and the mediating role of self-regulation and co-regulation with burnout was (0.09) and (-0.28) respectively. On the other hand, the perceived fit between teachers and work environment significantly predicted teachers' proactive strategies (self-regulation (0.61) and co-regulation (0.65)).DiscussionResults suggested that proactive strategies are associated with a lower risk of experiencing socio-contextual burnout. This association lies in this fact that learning and using these strategies depends on the social interactions of schools where the teachers work. Therefore, they can potentially be promoted and stabilized. So, teachers can learn various strategies which help them reduce job burnout and create a more appropriate work environment.Keywords: Teachere-working environment fit; Proactive Strategies; Teachers' Socio-contextual Burnout; Zahedan Schools.Keywords: Teachere-working environment fit; Proactive Strategies; Teachers' Socio-contextual Burnout; Zahedan Schools.Keywords: Teachere-working environment fit; Proactive Strategies; Teachers' Socio-contextual Burnout; Zahedan Schools.
Educational Psychology
Mohsen Arbezi; Masoud Fazilatpoor
Abstract
IntroductionAcademic well-being is one of the important constructs in educational psychology. Considering the importance of this structure, previous researchers have made efforts to identify its antecedents. Based on the theoretical foundations and previous research, motivational resources are needed ...
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IntroductionAcademic well-being is one of the important constructs in educational psychology. Considering the importance of this structure, previous researchers have made efforts to identify its antecedents. Based on the theoretical foundations and previous research, motivational resources are needed for adaptive performance and progress-oriented behaviours in various fields, especially in the field of education. Among the types of motivation, intrinsic motivation is considered one of the adaptive types of motivation. Intrinsically motivated students study using internal reasons such as the enjoyment of learning, And they experience states of full attention and absorption while studying. The mentioned states are consistent with the experience of flow. Therefore, in the present study, it was assumed that intrinsic motivation can predict academic well-being directly and indirectly through academic flow. the present study was conducted to investigate the structural relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic well-being through the mediation of academic flow.MethodIn this study, 356 students (119 boys, 237 girls) of senior high school in Evaz city (located in the south of Fars province), who were studying in the academic year of 2022-2023, were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method; and they responded to the questionnaires of intrinsic motivation (Choi et al., 2010), academic flow (Martin & Jackson, 2008) and academic well-being (Tuominen-Soini et al., 2012). SPSS-16 and AMOS-24 statistical software were used for data analysis.ResultsThe proposed research model was tested using the maximum likelihood method, And the results of the research showed that intrinsic motivation predicts academic well-being directly (β= 0/42, p= 0/009) and indirectly (β=0/07, p= 0/015) through academic flow. Academic flow, in addition to the mediating role, directly (β=0/14, p= 0/012) predicts academic well-being.ConclusionThe findings of this research theoretically include new themes. In general, the results of the current research confirm the role of intrinsic motivation and academic flow as intrapersonal antecedents in facilitating the occurrence of students' academic well-being. The findings of the present research can be used as a basis for designing interventions based on the constructs of intrinsic motivation and academic flow to improve students' academic well-being.
Clinical Psychology
Asieh Mazloom Ghaziani; Mryam Ghorbani
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the important issues of global health that has huge economic and social effects. Extensive chronic pain syndromes have always been a big challenge for doctors and patients. One of the most common chronic pain syndromes is fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia is known as a chronic, ...
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Chronic pain is one of the important issues of global health that has huge economic and social effects. Extensive chronic pain syndromes have always been a big challenge for doctors and patients. One of the most common chronic pain syndromes is fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia is known as a chronic, painful, and non-inflammatory syndrome that affects the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on emotional balance, psychological cohesion, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. MethodThe study population included fibromyalgia patients referred to Isfahan Medical Sciences Center in 2021. Of these, 24 patients were selected by available sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups of 12 experimental and control. The experimental group participated in 90 minutes of 8 sessions of emotion therapy; But for the control group, no intervention was made. Data collection tools including three questionnaires of emotion balance Spin Diner (2010), Antonovsky's sense of inner cohesion (1993) and Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) answered. Research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 26. ResultsThe results of the main hypothesis of the study showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased positive feelings, feelings of psychological cohesion, self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.01). Also, the results of the first sub-hypothesis showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased the feeling of psychological cohesion in the dimensions of comprehensibility and manageability in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.05). Also, the results of the second sub-hypothesis showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased general self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.05). In explaining the results obtained in relation to the effectiveness of the treatment on the positive emotions of the patients, it can be said that feelings and emotions are an essential part of the dynamic system of human personality. The characteristics and changes of feelings and emotions and their interpretation play an important role in the development of personality organization, moral evolution, social relations, formation of identity and self-concept.DiscussionTherefore, according to the results, it is suggested that emotion-oriented therapy be used to increase positive bed bugs, psychological cohesion, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients. Determining the effectiveness of emotional therapy on emotional balance, sense of inner coherence and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city. Findings about the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the dependent variables of research in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city showed that emotion-oriented therapy has effectively increased positive feelings, feelings of psychological coherence, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city.
Social Pathology
Ali Pakizeh; sadegh hekmatiyan fard; Sara KheirAndish
Abstract
Prediction of suicidal thoughts based on the indicators of personality transcendence and emotional regulation in college studentsIntroductionSuicide as a psychological-social trauma threatens different strata of the society specifically vulnerable groups such as young adolescent and the young. Besides, ...
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Prediction of suicidal thoughts based on the indicators of personality transcendence and emotional regulation in college studentsIntroductionSuicide as a psychological-social trauma threatens different strata of the society specifically vulnerable groups such as young adolescent and the young. Besides, university students as the young group of the society are not safe from this trauma due to the environmental factors including educational problems and failure, unemployment and financial problems, failure in emotional relationships, the inappropriate physical spaces of dormitories, and the vague occupational future. In addition to the environmental factors, some personal factors including psychological characteristics could have a harmful or protective role in relation to the social traumas such as suicide. The present study examined the predictable role of personality transcendence and its dimensions besides the expertness of emotion regulation in suicidal thoughts of university students.MethodPersian Gulf University. The participants were all the students of Persian Gulf University in the years 1399-1400. The subjects included 200 students (119 male, 81 female) which were selected based on multistage cluster sampling. The applied measurement in this study included Pakizeh Personality Transcendence questionnaire and Gross Emotion Regulation Difficulty questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsThe results of the statistical analysis indicated that personality transcendence is the reverse predictor of suicidal thoughts and the emotion regulation problems are the direct predictor of suicidal thoughts in university students. In addition, the results of the investigation suggested that the dimensions.DiscussionConsidering the preventive role of personality transcendence dimensions and the facilitating role of emotion regulation problems in students' tendency to commit suicide, the implementation of educational programs in order to improve students' character excellence and training skills in order to apply adaptive strategies of emotion regulation and solve regulation problems emotional, can play an effective role in reducing mental and physical injuries and the unfortunate consequences of suicide in the university environment
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