zahra emamzamani; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Ali Mashhadi
Abstract
IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety or fear of social situations in which a person may be evaluated by others. People with this disorder worry about receiving negative and positive evaluations from others and avoid situations where they may be evaluated. ...
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IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety or fear of social situations in which a person may be evaluated by others. People with this disorder worry about receiving negative and positive evaluations from others and avoid situations where they may be evaluated. Social anxiety disorder is related to lower quality of life and more interpersonal, occupational, and academic problems. A high percentage of people with this disorder also report comorbid disorders such as other anxiety disorders, depression, and some personality disorders. Despite high prevalence and important consequences of social anxiety disorder, studies show that one-third of people with this disorder receive treatments. Social anxiety disorder, if not treated, can turn into a chronic disorder that leads to problems, destruction, and comorbid or subsequent disorders such as anxiety disorders and depression. Contextual schema therapy is an approach that integrates Young's schema therapy with the concepts of third-wave therapies and corrects coping, inner critic, and child modes and strengthens healthy adult mode. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy on the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation in people with social anxiety disorder. MethodThe present study was performed in the frame of an A-B single-subject design. The statistical population consisted of all the people with social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city, in 1400, out of which 12 people were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects received contextual schema therapy for 16 weekly sessions of 1 hour. The tools were used in the study included the Carleton et al. Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-II and the Weeks et al. Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale. The data were analyzed using improvement percentage, reliable change index, non-overlapping effect size and visual analysis.ResultsThe reliable change index (1.96 <), the improvement percentage (25% <) and the non-overlapping data showed the significant effect of the intervention in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation of all subjects. The improvement percentage at the follow-up stage indicated that the treatment was effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation.DiscussionBased on the findings, contextual schema therapy by integrating the third wave approaches was effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and the fear of positive evaluation. Therefore, contextual schema therapy can be suggested as an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder.
mohsen doustkam; Sepideh Pour heydari; Faezeh Karimi Sadr; ABOLFAZL HOSSEINI
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Modular Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on facial expression bias and fear of negative evaluation in paranoid students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test with control group. The ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Modular Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on facial expression bias and fear of negative evaluation in paranoid students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test with control group. The research community was composed of all students referring to the counseling center of kashmar University of Medical Sciences in the year 2017-16, who were diagnosed according to Multidimensional Clinical Questionnaire-3 and DSM-5 criteria with paranoid attribution disorder (According to statistics obtained from the center 60 people). Of these, 20 students with paranoid characteristics were selected through purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 16 sessions of Modular Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (HRT), Chuppita and did not receive interventional control.Multidimensional Clinical Questionnaire and Objective Fear Scale , were completed before and after the intervention by both groups. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software and inferential statistics of covariance analysis. The results of analysis of covariance showed that by eliminating the effect of pre-test scores on facial expression bias and fear of negative evaluation as a scattering variable, the main effect of Modular cognitive-behavioral therapy on facial expression bias and fear of negative evaluation in post-test is significant (P>0/05). Therefore, Modular cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as an effective method to reduce interpretation bias and fear of negative evaluation of people with paranoid traits.