Developmental Psychology
Sohaila Rajabi Marandian; marzieh talebzadeh; Hamdaleh Jairvand
Abstract
The Causal relationship of Temperament and Character dimension with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms via mediation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in AdolescentsAbstractIntroduction: Emotional dysregulation and personality disorders are related to maladaptive behaviors in adolescence, which in ...
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The Causal relationship of Temperament and Character dimension with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms via mediation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in AdolescentsAbstractIntroduction: Emotional dysregulation and personality disorders are related to maladaptive behaviors in adolescence, which in turn may be associated with an increased risk of psychological damage during life. Therefore, considering the importance of adolescence and the prevalence of behavioral problems in this period and the serious and obvious failure that this They create problems in the field of academic, social, communication and other important areas of a person's life in the present and future, determining the factors related to these problems is of particular importance, so the main problem of the current research is to investigate the role of mediators. It is the positive and negative strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion in relation to the nature and character of the personality and the emergence of internal and externalized symptoms of adolescent boys and girls in Andimeshk city.Method: This correlational research and the statistical population included male and female students of the second grade of high school in Andimshek city. The sample consisted of 326 people who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, behavioral disorders questionnaire (Aschenbach et al. 2001), personality questionnaire (Cloninger et al., 1994) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Garnefski et al., 2001) were used.Results: The results showed that for both indirect paths, the effect of Temperament and character on Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms, was confirmed through the regulation of positive and negative emotions.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the positive and negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation by affecting the nature and personality dimensions, cause the emergence or continuation of Internalizing and Externalizing behavioral problems in adolescents.Keywords: Temperament and character, Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms, cognitive emotion regulation , adolescent
Developmental Psychology
Akram Esfahani; Hasan Heydari; zabih pirani; hossein davudi
Abstract
IntroductionHumans are social creatures and need to be together and cooperate with each other. According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, a person can function, participate, and cooperate properly in society only if he feels that he belongs to that society. There is an innate sense or social ...
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IntroductionHumans are social creatures and need to be together and cooperate with each other. According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, a person can function, participate, and cooperate properly in society only if he feels that he belongs to that society. There is an innate sense or social interest in a human being that gradually appears during growth and development and helps him to live a healthy, successful life with others based on cooperation and empathy. Accordingly, social interest is a measure of health and weakness in it is a sign of psychological damage.This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model for predicting social interest based on attachment styles with the mediating role of forgiveness of women.MethodThe cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of the current study was made up of all the women who referred to Sarai Mahalat in Tehran in 2020-2021, and among them, 305 people were selected by single-stage cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of social interest (Crandall, 1976), attachment styles (Hazen and Shaver, 1987), and forgiveness (Rai et al., 2001) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. To analyze the data, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V7.8 software were used.To respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. ResultsThe results showed that attachment styles have a direct effect on social interest in women. Attachment styles have an indirect effect on social interest in women with the mediating role of forgiveness. Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that forgiveness is one of the important processes that increase social interest either directly or indirectly by reducing the negative impact of factors such as insecure attachment styles.DiscussionAs a result, to increase social interest between spouses, while paying attention to their attachment style, it is necessary to strengthen forgiveness between them.Due to the fact that people with insecure avoidant attachment style are unable to share their thoughts and feelings with others, in fact, it can be said that the avoidant person's relationships with others are not stable, whereas a person with high social interest, He has certain ideas and beliefs in life, which are stable and manifested in interpersonal relationships, leading to stable relationships. Avoidant insecure attachment style has a negative relationship with low social interest. In the analysis of this relationship, it can be said that people with low social interest and avoidance both benefit from emotion-oriented coping methods.
Developmental Psychology
Alireza Ranjkesh; Kazem Barzegar Bafrooei; Ali Nazari; Mohammad Hossein Fallah
Abstract
IntroductionOn the other hand, one of the psychological problems that affects people in adolescence and affects their mental health is perfectionism. Perfectionism, although it has been one of the most widely used psychological constructs in research over a century ago, but the field of perfectionism ...
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IntroductionOn the other hand, one of the psychological problems that affects people in adolescence and affects their mental health is perfectionism. Perfectionism, although it has been one of the most widely used psychological constructs in research over a century ago, but the field of perfectionism has not been sufficiently explored yet, and the category of teenagers' lived experiences of perfectionism as a qualitative part of this research is basically with the category of understanding. It is related and more than it is aimed at the problem or its solution, it seeks to understand the dimensions of perfectionism and its recognition in teenagers. Therefore, conducting this research is theoretically necessary. The current research was done with the goal of studying the lived experience of perfectionist teenagers and developing a dialectical behavioral therapy training package based on the lived experiences of teenagers of perfectionism and its effectiveness on the self-efficacy of perfectionist teenagers. MethodA qualitative-quantitative combined method was used in this research. In the first stage of the research, a qualitative and phenomenological method was used. The used tool in this step was a semi-structured in-depth interview and the obtained data from a sample of 20 male adolescent students between the ages of 13 and 16 in Isfahan. The used method in the second quantitative part was a semi-experimental research method of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all adolescent boys in the first secondary level of Flowerjan city (Isfahan) in 2021. In this way, 40 teenage boys were assigned in the form of cluster sampling according to the entry and exit selection criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental and a control groups (each group include 20 people). To analyze the obtained data from the interview, the seven-step Colaizzi’s method was used. ResultsThe results included 6 main themes (society-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, self-oriented perfectionism, well-being, relationships, leisure time), 13 sub-themes (1) and 28 sub-themes (2). After that, the obtained results of the interviews were compiled with the basics and techniques of dialectical behaviorism, and in the form of a training package was approved by income experts and approved with CVR: 0.90. Then it was performed on the experimental group in eight sessions of 90-minute. The used tool in this stage of the research was the self-efficacy questionnaire of Morris (2002). The data were analyzed at two descriptive levels (mean and standard deviation) and inferential level (one-way analysis of covariance) and using spss 22 software.Discussionthe results of data analysis showed that the experimental group compared to the control group in the variable of self-efficacy and academic, social, and emotional components have had a significant increase in the post-test phase (p>0.05). According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the characteristic of perfectionism can have an all-round effect on the lives of teenagers) and put their activities under the influence. We can use the dialectical behavior therapy training package based on the lived experience of perfectionist adolescents for improving self-efficacy and its components in adolescent boys. The results of this research can be used by counselors and psychologists.
Developmental Psychology
Arzoo Hossein Rezaei; Fariborz Dortaj; Seyyed Ali Hoseini Almadani
Abstract
IntroductionAnxiety is considered a part of every person's life in all societies as an appropriate and adaptive response. Lack of anxiety or high anxiety may cause a person to face significant problems and risks. Moderate and constructive anxiety makes a person do his work in a timely and appropriate ...
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IntroductionAnxiety is considered a part of every person's life in all societies as an appropriate and adaptive response. Lack of anxiety or high anxiety may cause a person to face significant problems and risks. Moderate and constructive anxiety makes a person do his work in a timely and appropriate manner and thus makes his life more productive and durable. This research has been done with the aim of providing a model to explain exam anxiety based on emotional arousal, emotion management and academic self-efficacy regarding the mediation of study habits among Female students secondary school students. In the process of growth and development, children, adolescents, and young people experience various types and a wide range of anxieties, and sometimes these anxieties are so intense that they make their daily life and education difficult. One of these types of anxiety is exam anxiety. Exam anxiety, as a common and important educational phenomenon, has a close relationship with the performance and academic success of children, teenagers, and young people. MethodThe descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of this research consists of all the female students at the secondary school in Kerman city, numbering about 4700 people who were studying in the in year 2021, of which 354 people were selected as a sample by stratified random method. To collect data from Sarason's test anxiety questionnaires (1957), Huston's study skills questionnaire (2013), Jinks and Morgan academic self-efficacy questionnaire (1999), Williams et al.'s emotion management questionnaire (1997), Zuckerman's excitement seeking questionnaire (1978) has been used. Data analysis was done with spss24 and Amos24 software and multiple regression, Sobel test and structural equation modeling were used.ResultsThe research findings, while confirming the proposed research model, showed that there is a significant relationship between emotional arousal, exam anxiety and study habits among female students. The results of the Sobel test show that study habits play a mediating role in the relationship between emotional arousal and exam anxiety of students. There is a significant relationship between emotion management, exam anxiety and study habits among female students. And study habits play a mediating role in the relationship between emotion management and students' exam anxiety. There is a significant relationship between academic self-efficacy, exam anxiety and study habits among female students. And study habits play a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and students' exam anxiety. There is an inverse and significant relationship between study habits and exam anxiety among female students.DiscussionBased on the research results, study habits play a mediating role in the relationship between emotional arousal and exam anxiety of students. In this way, rational and correct emotional arousal leads to the use of correct study habits, and correct study habits lead to a reduction in exam scores. The research results show that study habits play a mediating role in the relationship between emotion management and students' test anxiety. In this way, the correct management of emotions leads to the use of correct study methods and habits, and the correct study habits lead to the reduction of exam anxiety.
