Mona Isvand; Hosein Baghouli; Hojjat Allah Javidi; Majid Barzegar
Abstract
Depression is one of the common disabling and recurring psychological disorders that causes obvious changes in the individual’s different biological, cognitive, nervous and emotional functions .The aim of the present study was to compare effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance ...
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Depression is one of the common disabling and recurring psychological disorders that causes obvious changes in the individual’s different biological, cognitive, nervous and emotional functions .The aim of the present study was to compare effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for rumination, cognitive flexibility, resilience and perceived stress among the women suffering from depression in Andimeshk city. Depression is also considered as the second most common cognitive disorder and therefore it has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world. Among the existing physical and mental diseases, depression is considered one of the most important global issues and problems, which according to the definition of the World Health Organization is the most important mood disorders that include loss of interest, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, sleep and appetite disorders, It is accompanied by a decrease in energy, poor concentration, and a decrease in the patient's mood. Depression is also a common, costly and debilitating disease that imposes a heavy burden on global societies. MethodThe statistical population included all women referred to psychiatric clinics. 45 patients were randomly assigned into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Measuring research variables with the help of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow’s rumination questionnaire (1991), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility, Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience, and Cohen et al.'s (1983) perceived stress questionnaire were used. At first, after obtaining the necessary permits and coordination with the psychiatric clinics of the city, all women referred to the psychiatric clinics who were suspected of symptoms of depression were screened by a psychiatrist. The initial diagnosis was made by a psychiatrist, and then, to make the diagnosis more certain, the clinical interview of SKID 5 was conducted by the researcher. According to the criteria for entering the research, 30 patients who were willing to cooperate in the research were randomly assigned into two groups (an experimental group of 15 people each and a control group of 15 people). ResultsAnalysis was done using analysis of covariance, two-way variance analysis and repeated measures and Ben Ferroni’s follow up test. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination; No difference was observed in the effectiveness of the two approaches for cognitive flexibility and perceived stress. The results of the present study indicated that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of both treatment methods on the three variables of cognitive flexibility, resilience and perceived stress. There was a difference between the two treatments only in the variable of rumination, so that the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was confirmed. Regarding cognitive behavioral therapy, no evidence was found to confirm its effectiveness.DiscussionBoth approaches can be considered as effective methods for reduction of the symptoms of depression; however it is necessary to evaluate and compare effectiveness of the two methods for depression related variables in different groups as well.
Marziyeh Firouzeh; ساره Ehsani; Majid Barzegar; Morteza Moradi Doliskani
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors into three categories: 1- severe self-injurious behaviors that are observed in mental patients and because of which a person causes serious damage to his own body tissue, such as cutting off a limb from the body. 2- stereotyped (involuntary) self-harming behaviors that are observed in mentally retarded, autism or Tourette syndrome. In such a situation, the person involuntarily and repeatedly hits himself (such as banging his head against the wall). 3- Self-harm behaviors are the most common type and are done under the influence of fashion or other factors: such as scratching and cutting the skin, picking wounds., nail biting, cosmetic surgery, and skin carving. One of the most common problems among teenagers today is self-injurious behavior, which is found to a large extent in all cultures. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the coefficient of difficulty, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-harm. MethodThe research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all female students of the second secondary level of Bushehr 2019-2020 academic year who had a history of self-injury. And the sample size includes 40 people, 20 people were randomly placed and selected in the experimental group and 20 people in the control group. The experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy intervention, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were self-injurious behavior questionnaire (Sanson et al., 1998), response to difficulty profile (Stoltz, 1997), Miller Hope Scale (1986) and emotional processing questionnaire (Baker et al., 2010). ResultsThe results showed that the intervention has increased the difficulty coefficient, life expectancy and reduced maladaptive emotional processing in adolescents (p<0.05). Also, the research findings indicated that dialectical behavior therapy is an effective method in emotional processing (p<0.001). It shows the results of univariate analysis of covariance to investigate the effect of the independent variable on each of the dependent variables. The F value obtained for all dependent variables is significant at the P<0.05 level; Therefore, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy influences emotional processing variables, difficulty coefficient and life expectancy.DiscussionAccording to the results of the research, this intervention can be used to improve the difficulty factor, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-injury, along with other therapeutic interventions. Also, the focus of dialectical behavior therapy on mindfulness, which is done to observe and describe events non-judgmentally, and awareness and alertness focused on the present moment, leads to the natural development of distress tolerance, and the person learns to deal with emotions without evaluating and trying to change or control them and without arousal. or experience distress and thereby learned the skill of coping with adverse events, which leads to an increase in the level of difficulty in facing adverse and stimulating life events.
Health Psychology
Bahareh Saghanejad; Javidi Hojatollah; Majid Barzegar
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of dependence and non-dependence on the field in the relationship between personality traits and cognitive performance with nurses' job performance. Psychologists consider job performance as a product of human behavior and believe that motivations ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of dependence and non-dependence on the field in the relationship between personality traits and cognitive performance with nurses' job performance. Psychologists consider job performance as a product of human behavior and believe that motivations and needs have an effect on people's performance and ultimately growth and development. They can be identified through a set of specific owners. Theoretically, job performance includes two components, the first component is job performance that reflects job requirements and requirements, and the second component is field performance that includes undefined and unspecified activities such as teamwork and support. It takes In fact, background work refers to those job-related activities (such as working hard and helping others) that are not officially considered part of the job or duty. Another core theory is related to job performance, the underlying ground of this theory is that the internal nature of job duties can motivate people. If the job is interesting and enjoyable, people will like their jobs, have higher motivation and perform their duties better. One of the influencing variables on people's job performance is cognitive performance. MethodThe current research was descriptive-correlational and of the type of structural equations and modeling. The statistical population includes nurses from hospitals in Shiraz and the sample size, using the table of krejci and Morgan (1970), including 200 nurses from different hospitals in Shiraz, who were selected by cluster sampling. And through the measurement tools of cognitive style test of dependence and non-dependence on the field of Eltman, Raskin and Witkin (1971), Costa McGarry personality traits questionnaire (1985), Patterson job performance questionnaire (1970) and Ridley-Stroop Stroop test (1935). Were evaluated. The data were analyzed using structural equations. ResultsThe findings confirmed the mediating effect of dependence and non-dependence on the field in the relationship between personality traits and cognitive performance with nurses' job performance.DiscussionIn fact, cognitive style is the result of a person's interactions with his environment in the process of growth and socialization, and it is effective on a person's attitude and attitude towards others and the way he communicates with them, and this process leads to his job performance in adulthood. to be effective and act with more social resilience in the face of job difficulties and problems and perform best by acquiring job information. Cognitive style reacts to information, stimuli and situations in a spontaneous and automatic way and enables a person to learn strategies and methods with the help of them from the maximum points Use the strengths and advantages of your style and minimize the weaknesses and limitations and show the best performance.
Sahar Pasyar; Hossein Baghooli; Majid Barzegar; Nadereh Sohrabi
Abstract
IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in women with many physical and psychological complications. The increasing growth of cancer in the last few decades and its harmful effects on all dimensions of the patient's life (physical, emotional, spiritual, ...
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IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in women with many physical and psychological complications. The increasing growth of cancer in the last few decades and its harmful effects on all dimensions of the patient's life (physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and economic) have caused attention of specialists to be more focused on this disease. Among the different types of cancer that women suffer from, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and the stress reduction program based on mindfulness on the attitude of work, health anxiety, psychological well-being, and body image in women with breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy in Shiraz city who visited Amir Hospital in 2022. MethodThe subjects included a sample of 45 people who were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group (three groups of 15 people) who had the criteria for entering the research, age, education, and mastectomy surgery, and the data were collected in two stages: pre-test, post-test with the control group and follow-up. And it was recorded that the research data were used using the multivariate covariance method and post hoc tests of Sheffe and Benferoni to test the hypotheses and the data were analyzed using spss (18) software. The research tools included Weissman &, Beck's inefficient Attitudes Questionnaire (1978) attitude questionnaire, Rief's psychological well-being (1989), Salkoskis and Warwick's (2000) health anxiety questionnaire, and Kesh's body image, Mykola Braun (1990). ResultsThe results of this research showed that the therapy based on acceptance and commitment is more effective than the stress reduction program based on mindfulness because the underlying principles of the therapy based on acceptance and commitment are aimed at increasing psychological flexibility. The pairwise comparison made regarding the well-being variable in Table (4-6) shows that both treatments (ACT and MBSR) have a statistically significant effect on this variable (P<0.05). The results showed that the treatment of acceptance and commitment was more effective. Regarding the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment in comparison with the stress reduction program based on mindfulness in the attitude of work, health anxiety, psychological well-being, and body image in women with cancer. The mastectomy breast of Shiraz can be because the underlying principles of treatment are based on acceptance and commitment to increasing psychological flexibility. DiscussionAcceptance and Commitment Therapy focuses on reducing experiential avoidance and cognitive entanglement with dysfunctional rules until it reconnects with meaningful values. Mediation analysis of the believability of negative thoughts has been identified as a partially mediating factor in the ability to predict awareness attention, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion in psychological distress. With stronger negative thoughts, believability was positively associated with higher levels of psychological distress.
