Health Psychology
Abdolbaset Mahmoudpour; Fatemeh Alkasir; soliman ahmadboukani
Abstract
Introduction: elderly has been a major issue for experts, policymakers, and even the general public in recent years. The aim of this study was to predict social adjustment in the elderly based on distress tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support.Methods: The statistical population of ...
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Introduction: elderly has been a major issue for experts, policymakers, and even the general public in recent years. The aim of this study was to predict social adjustment in the elderly based on distress tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support.Methods: The statistical population of the present study was all the elderly in Ahvaz in the period of November 1400 to December 1400 in the age range of 57 to 74 years. Data were collected using the Bell Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1962), Simmons & Gahr (2005) Distress Tolerance, Gross & John Emotion Regulation (2003), and Social Support (Zimmet, 1988). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis).Results: The results showed that there is a direct relationship between anxiety tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support with social adjustment (p <0.05). The adjusted R square value was equal to 0.416, which showed that the variables of distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and perceived social support explained 41.6% of the variance of social adjustment. The findings of the present study indicate the importance of the variables of anxiety tolerance, emotion regulation and perceived social support in explaining social adjustment in the elderly. Discussion: Therefore, it is recommended to train for stress tolerance, emotion regulation, providing adequate support from family and important people in life, and developing the dimensions of adjustment in the elderly.Conclusion: Emotion regulation strategies, distress tolerance and perceived social support in the elderly can change their social adjustment capacity and thus affect their mental health. From a fundamental point of view, the research of the current research can be considered as a main factor in explaining social adaptation, and at the practical level, for more adaptation in the elderly, emotion regulation strategies, distress tolerance, and social support are considered.
Psychotherapy
Atena Asadinia; احمد منصوری
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is one of the critical periods of life, which is associated with extensive changes in physical, sexual, social, cognitive and emotional aspects. These changes can cause them distress. Adolescents' inability to tolerate distress can have physical and psychological health consequences. ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is one of the critical periods of life, which is associated with extensive changes in physical, sexual, social, cognitive and emotional aspects. These changes can cause them distress. Adolescents' inability to tolerate distress can have physical and psychological health consequences. On the other hand, several therapeutic and educational interventions have been used to increase distress tolerance and related factors such as social cognition and intolerance of uncertainty. Emotion regulation training is another intervention that can be used in this field. Emotion regulation training enhances psychological health and is associated with multiple positive psychological outcomes, including better interpersonal functioning, greater perceived well-being, and better physical health. Therefore, considering the importance of adolescence, the effect of emotions on people's lives and health, as well as the need of educational centers for interventions based on emotion regulation, the aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on social cognition, intolerance of uncertainty and distress tolerance in adolescents.MethodThis study is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and control group in terms of method. The statistical population included all boy students of public elementary schools in Mashhad city in 2022. Thirty boy teenage students of elementary school were selected by available sampling method and then randomly designed into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model (Gross, 2002) while control group was not in any training. Inclusion criteria for the study were being 11 to 15 years, not having specific physical and psychological problems and informed consent. Exclusion criteria were absences of more than two session, participation in the other psychotherapies and unwillingness to participate in the research. Ethical principles were obtaining informed consent from parents, protecting the anonymity and confidentiality of participants, avoid harm to participants. The participants answered to the intolerance of uncertainty scale (Carleton, et al., 2007), social stories questionnaire (1986) and distress tolerance scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed by SPSS26 software, using Multivariate analysis of covariance. The significance level was 0.05.ResultsThe average age of the experimental group, control group and total participants was 12.06, 12.13 and 12.01, respectively. The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the variables of social cognition (p= 0.001, F= 12.22) and distress tolerance (p= 0.02, F= 6.02), but there is no difference between groups in the intolerance of uncertainty (P= 0.052, F= 4.16). In other word, mean scores of social cognition and distress tolerance increased in the experimental group compared to the control group.DiscussionThe results of present study showed that emotion regulation training increases social cognition and distress tolerance. Therefore, emotion regulation training might be an efficient way to increases these variables. Also, psychologists and other mental health professionals can use this training to improve and increase social cognition and tolerance of distress in adolescents.
Nadere Afkhami Ardakani; Yasser Rezapour Mirsaleh; Hossein Ghafuri Charkhabi; Azra Mohammadpanah Ardakan
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetes is a chronic and costly disease that has a high prevalence throughout the world, Iran, and specifically in Yazd province. Considering the heavy psychological and economic costs of diabetes and its complications, it is important to pay attention to all the factors that can increase ...
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IntroductionDiabetes is a chronic and costly disease that has a high prevalence throughout the world, Iran, and specifically in Yazd province. Considering the heavy psychological and economic costs of diabetes and its complications, it is important to pay attention to all the factors that can increase diabetes self-management. Since self-management is the main key to controlling diabetes and postponing the occurrence of diabetes complications, it is valuable to pay attention to distress tolerance and its affecting factors as one of the significant factors in diabetes self-management. Self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence are proposed as three psychological factors that seem to improve people's distress tolerance. But evidence shows that self-acceptance can play a mediating role in the relationship between self-actualization, self-transcendence and distress tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between these variables in diabetic people, which shows the necessity of conducting more studies. MethodThis is a descriptive-correlational study, performed using path analysis. A total of 207 questionnaires were administered by the available sampling method to type 2 diabetic patients living in Yazd province. The data was gathered using the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005) and the Existential Fulfillment Scale (Loonstra, 2007). The Existential Fulfillment Scale is composed of three subscales: self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence. The correlation and structural equation analysis were conducted to analyze the data using SPSS-23 and AMOS-24 software, respectively. ResultsThe results showed that self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence have a significant positive relationship with distress tolerance in diabetic patients. In other words, self-actualization has a positive and direct effect on distress tolerance (r =.22, p<.01), self-transcendence has a direct and significant effect on distress tolerance (r =.23, p<.05), and the direct effect of self-acceptance on distress tolerance is statistically positive and significant (r =.24, p<.001). The data also revealed that self-actualization has a direct and positive effect on self-acceptance (β=.29, p<.001), and the direct effect of self-transcendence on self-acceptance is statistically positive and significant (β=.21, p< 0.01). Also, self-acceptance plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-actualization and distress tolerance (Sobel test = 2.72, p<.01), and self-acceptance has a mediating role in the relationship of self-transcendence with distress tolerance (Sobel test = 2.45, p<.05) in diabetics. The distress tolerance of diabetic patients can be predicted up to 22% by the sum of self-actualization, self-transcendence, and self-acceptance (p<.01). ConclusionThe results showed that individuals with type 2 diabetes who have higher self-acceptance, self-actualization, and self-transcendence show higher distress tolerance. Considering the mediating role of self-acceptance in the proposed model, it is suggested that by trying to promote the self-actualization and self-transcendence of diabetic patients, their self-acceptance of diabetics is improved. Higher self-acceptance, in turn, leads to greater distress tolerance and ultimately better diabetes self-management.
Pooneh Safari; Rezvan Homaei
Abstract
IntroductionThe coronavirus has become a serious threat to public health and well-being. The spread of the virus, especially among children and teenagers, has caused great concern and anxiety. Given the pandemic's impact on important social, economic, and political aspects, it is crucial to explore the ...
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IntroductionThe coronavirus has become a serious threat to public health and well-being. The spread of the virus, especially among children and teenagers, has caused great concern and anxiety. Given the pandemic's impact on important social, economic, and political aspects, it is crucial to explore the psychological effects of the disease on individuals at different levels of society. For instance, the psychological well-being of teenagers is of utmost importance, and factors such as moral identity, tolerance of disturbance, and resilience are believed to play a significant role. This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological well-being, moral identity, tolerance of disturbance, and resilience in female high school students. MethodThis study utilized a structural equation correlation design and included all female high school students in Ahvaz during the academic year 1401-1400. A total of 253 participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. District 1 of Ahvaz was randomly chosen, and five secondary schools were randomly selected from this district. After coordinating with school principals and teachers, students were asked to respond to questionnaires through WhatsApp and student groups. The Psychological well-being of Ryffs (2002), Moral identity of Aquino & Reed (2002), Distress Tolerance of Simmons & Gahr (2005), and Resilience of Connor & Davidson (2003) were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data, including Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling, and Cronbach's alpha method to calculate the reliability coefficients. ResultsThe study found that all direct paths, except for the relationship between moral identity and psychological well-being, were significant (p > 0.05). There was also an indirect relationship between moral identity and psychological well-being through resilience, as well as between distress tolerance and psychological well-being through resilience. DiscussionThe study's findings can help improve the psychological well-being of students. The coronavirus pandemic has become a global health emergency, causing psychosocial stress, job closures, and increased mortality rates. These factors can reduce psychological well-being, but individuals with high resilience can maintain their mental health during these challenging times. Therefore, improving the psychological well-being of individuals should be a priority. It is suggested that educational workshops be held to help individuals control their behavior, improve their psychological tolerance, and enhance their psychological well-being..
Majid Azizi; Iqbal Zarei
Abstract
IntroductionSuicidal behaviors and self-harmful are one of the phenomena that has created a major challenge for mental health. Self-assessment in adolescents usually expresses high psychological distress. The prevalence of this problem indicates adolescents’ discontent, that has lots of effects ...
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IntroductionSuicidal behaviors and self-harmful are one of the phenomena that has created a major challenge for mental health. Self-assessment in adolescents usually expresses high psychological distress. The prevalence of this problem indicates adolescents’ discontent, that has lots of effects on the other family members and friends. Self-assessment without suicide intention is actually self-employed or any kind of action that harms a person, but in this person, there is no intention to die, and ultimately, suicide behavior is without the intention of suicide, which causes suicide without having a person to finish his life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents to answer the questions of if the dialectical treatment affects the beatings and tolerance of distress. MethodThe present study was a quasi-experiment with pretest post-test with control group and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents referring to Bandar Abbas counseling clinics with a history of self-harmful behaviors. In this study, 30 patients were selected by voluntary and targeted non-targeted sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) experimental group of dialectics treatment in 12 sessions of 2 hours received. The questionnaires used in this study included self-harmful behaviors questionnaire (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009) and distress tolerance questionnaire (Simmons and Gahr, 2005). Data from the research was analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA. ResultsThe results showed that Dialectical behavior therapy based on Dimeff and Linehan (2008) therapy package on the experimental group has been effective in beating and tolerating distress in adolescents, since this treatment has been successful in improving self-harmful behaviors and tolerance of distress. Also, the results showed that dialectical behavioral therapy remained fixed on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents in follow-up stageDiscussionAccording to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that dialectical behavioral therapy can be used as an effective therapeutic treatment for improving the behavior of self-esteem and tolerance in adolescents with a history of self-regulation by educating the skills of excitement, tolerance of distress, conscious mind are being used. Dialectical behavior training can be effective in reducing self-control behaviors. The results of this study with the findings of Chesli et al (2020), Abooutorabi Kashani et al (2020), Saffarinia et al (2015), zamani (2014), ghorbani (2018), Tabatabayi (2021), alavi (2012), Peymannia et al (2019) is a coherent research. Explaining the findings, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes learning resilience against pain in a skillful way, and it can be concluded that disturbed behaviors that are targeted in teaching dialectical behavior therapy skills to endure and survive in crises. And accepting life as it is in the present moment, and these strategies in the form of turning attention (when engaging in self-harming behavior), calming down (in time of distress), improving the moment, and thinking about the benefits and harms of self-injurious behavior.
fatemeh biglari; moslem asli azad; seyyed ali miri sangtarashani
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognition therapy on Covid-19 anxiety and distress tolerance in the patients recovered from Corona virus. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and three-month follow-up ...
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The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognition therapy on Covid-19 anxiety and distress tolerance in the patients recovered from Corona virus. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and three-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included the patients recovered from Covdi-19 in the city of Shiraz in the autumn and winter of 2020. 31 patients recovered from Covid-19 were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based cognition therapy (Cabat-Zin, 2003) during eight seventy-five-minute online sessions during a month. The applied questionnaires in this study included Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, et.al, 2019) (CDAS) (Alipour, et.al, 2019) and Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTQ) (Simons and Gaher, 2005). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognition therapy has had significant effect on covid-19 anxiety and distress tolerance in the patients recovered from Coronal Virus (p<0001) and could lead to the decrease of Covid-19 anxiety and the improvement of distress tolerance. According to the findings of the present study it can be said that mindfulness-based cognition therapy can be used as an effective intervention to decrease Covid-19 anxiety and improvement of distress tolerance in patients recovered from Corona virus through employing mindful attitude, mindful activities, addressing problem-making feelings and emotions and breathing exercises.
saeed Najarpour ostadi; bahman akbari; Javad Khalatbari; Jalil Babapour
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of quality of life therapy training and dialectical behavioral therapy on enduring the anxiety of female undergraduate psychology students at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, who were addicted to smartphones. In this semi-experimental ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of quality of life therapy training and dialectical behavioral therapy on enduring the anxiety of female undergraduate psychology students at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, who were addicted to smartphones. In this semi-experimental study, among students whose scores on the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) were two above the mean standard deviation and on the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), one was lower than the mean standard deviation, 45 Individuals were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group.The number of people in all three groups was 15. The subjects of the first and second groups were trained for 8 two-hour sessions based on quality of life techniques and dialectical behavioral therapy, but the control group did not receive any training. At the last session, questionnaires were again administered for all three groups. Three months after the post-test, a stress tolerance questionnaire was administered to all subjects to determine the effects of time training techniques.The results of single-variable covariance analysis showed that the teaching of dialectical behavioral therapy techniques was effective in increasing anxiety tolerance compared to quality of life therapy (P <0.05). Also, the results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy training techniques in quarterly follow-up has been maintained (P <0.01). So by teaching dialectical behavior therapy techniques, you can improve the tolerance of distress, which is probably one of the reasons for addiction to smartphones.
parisa abootorabi kashani; Farah Naderi; Sahar Safar zadeh; Fariba Hafezi; Zahra EftekharSaadi
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood and adolescents. The deficit in attention, hyperactivity and impulsity could affect the edcations and social relations. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and ...
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood and adolescents. The deficit in attention, hyperactivity and impulsity could affect the edcations and social relations. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Regulation on distress tolerance and suicide ideation disorder in adolescents. The statistical population of this study included all Tehran city female high school students in academic year 2019-2020. 45 students were selected, using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. To collect data Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scale (Conner’s, Erhardt & Sparrow (1999), Distress Tolerance Scale of Simmons & Gahr (2005) and Beck & Steer (1987) Suicide Ideation Scale were implemented. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. The experimental groups underwent Dialectical Behavior Therapy (12 sessions 60 minutes each) and Emotion Regulation training (8 sessions of 45 minutes), while the control group received no training. Data were analysed using covariance analysis. The results showed that Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Regulation training were significantly effective to increase distress tolerance and decrease Suicide Ideation in students (p < 0.01); There was no significant difference between the two treatments in increasing distress tolerance but Dialectical Behavior Therapy had a greater impact on improving adolescents suicide ideation than Emotion Regulation Training. It was concluded that the use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Regulation Training could reduce risky behaviors in individuals with ADHD.
Farideh Nargesi; ali fathiashtiani; Iran davodi; emad ashrafi
Abstract
Transdiagnostic treatment is one of the new therapies that the effect of it on many psychological variables has been established. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of Transdiagnostic treatment on anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms ...
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Transdiagnostic treatment is one of the new therapies that the effect of it on many psychological variables has been established. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of Transdiagnostic treatment on anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was experimental (pretest, posttest with control group). In this research, 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder randomly assigned to experimental (6 males and 9 female) and control (6 males and 9 female) groups Anxiety Sensitivity Scale (ASI-R), the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS) and The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were used for collecting the data. Transdiagnostic treatment was administered to experimental group, in 12 one-hour sessions. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicated that the Transdiagnostic treatment is effective in decreasing Anxiety Sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and increasing the Distress Tolerance. According to the results, Transdiagnostic treatment was suggested for improving the Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
