Clinical Psychology
Ameneh Dashti; Yadollah Zargar
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Suicidal ideation increases the risk of levels of suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study this complex and multifactorial phenomenon in non-clinical samples, especially women. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of suicidal ideation based on the ...
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AbstractIntroduction: Suicidal ideation increases the risk of levels of suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study this complex and multifactorial phenomenon in non-clinical samples, especially women. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of suicidal ideation based on the components of perceived stress and self-silencing, considering the mediator role of difficulty in emotion regulation in women. Method: Based on this, using multi-stage random sampling method, 350 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz were selected as the sample. Participants completed the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSI), the Perceived Stress Inventory (PSQ), the Self-Silencing Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) with full knowledge and satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (AMOS-22 software) was used to evaluate the assumed relationships in the model and analyze the collected data. Result: According to the research results, all direct and indirect paths embedded in the model were significant and had an acceptable fit (p<0.001). In this research, the χ2 (df) was estimated as 0.13, which indicates the fit of the model with the data. Also, GFI, AGFI, and CFI indices were obtained as 0.94, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively, which indicates the acceptable fit of the model. Among the fit indices of RMSEA is the basis of acceptance or rejection of a hypothesized model, which was obtained as 0.05. Also, according to the multivariable regression analysis, the R value was equal to 0.237, which means that 23% of the variance of suicidal ideation can be predicted and explained by difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress, and self-silencing.Conclusion: Designing a model of suicidal ideation made it possible to examine the role and influence of difficulty in emotion regulation, perceived stress and self-silencing. Based on the findings of the present study, difficulty in emotion regulation has a positive and significant relationship with suicidal ideation in women.Difficulty in emotion regulation is a type of emotional vulnerability that predicts suicidal ideation. The relationship between perceived stress and difficulty in regulating emotion was another finding that was confirmed in this study. A stressful situation is defined as a situation where the demands expected of a person are greater than his ability to adapt. In fact, when dealing with stress, a person focuses on the stressful and problematic situation and the awareness of his emotions decreases. On the other hand, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies in conditions of intensified pressure and finally the ability of a person to manage his emotions decreases.Another assumed relationship of the proposed model in this research was the relationship between self- silencing and difficulty in emotion regulation. As expected, a direct relationship between self- silencing and difficulty in emotion regulation was confirmed. This means that the more self- silencing increases, the more difficult the emotion regulation process will be. The requirement of self- silencing is the suppression and denial of emotions, and this process is strengthened by ignoring oneself and giving priority to the desires, needs and emotions of others and getting attention and approval or maintaining relationships.These results mean that; Perceived stress, self-silencing, and difficulty in emotion regulating have a high predictive power for suicidal ideation in women. In addition, the findings suggest that predictor variables all predict a total of 23% variance of suicidal ideation.Key words: Suicidal Ideation, Perceived Stress, Self-silencing, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Structural Equation Modeling, Women
Clinical Psychology
Mona Mohammadi; Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; Iran Davoudi; Saeid Afrozpour; Mehdi Soleimani
Abstract
IntroductionIn recent years, studies in the field of narcissism have received increasing attention from researchers, but despite the growing interest in the concept of narcissism, there are many unanswered questions, especially about the nature of this structure. The present study aimed to investigate ...
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IntroductionIn recent years, studies in the field of narcissism have received increasing attention from researchers, but despite the growing interest in the concept of narcissism, there are many unanswered questions, especially about the nature of this structure. The present study aimed to investigate the role of narcissistic narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in predicting self-presentation tactics in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.MethodDescriptive research method of conventional (focal) correlation and its statistical population is all graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were studying in 1996-97 (N = 1500). After obtaining the necessary permits from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, the questionnaires were distributed among the selected students based on multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software A total of 250 students were randomly selected based on the Cochran's formula according to the size of the population, in a multi-stage cluster method. Finally, by stratified random sampling method, the sample size was selected from the target population (n = 222). Collection tools included a pathological narcissism questionnaire (Pincus et al., 2009) and a scale of self-Presentation tactics(Tedeschi & Melburg, 1984).ResultsThe results showed that the linear combination of defensive and assertive self-presentation tactics can be predicted by the linear combination of predictor variables. Significance of the whole model showed that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of self-Presentation tactics and existential expression with grandius and vulnerable narcissism (P<0.005). Predictive variables explain 28% of the variance of the criterion variables. Overall, the findings showed that the types of narcissism (grandius and vulnerable) can be predicted based on the type and extent of using different types of self-presentation tactics (defensive and assertiveness). Of the two criterion variables, self- Presentation tactics are more important in the linear criterion variable. On the other hand, in the first function, among the predictor variables, the narcissistic narcissist has the largest share in the linear composition of its category. In other words, the first function of self-Presentation tactics is predicted by grandius narcissism.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the present study, It is suggested that clinical specialists pay special attention to the types of narcissism and the self-presentation tactics of clients with narcissistic personality disorder in order to know and understand more about these people. It is better for clinical psychologists (considering the existence of two types of narcissism) in their diagnostic interviews to pay attention to the narcissism of the vulnerable type and examine its symptoms in clients who are dissatisfied with their self-esteem or have problems in interpersonal relationships.
Clinical Psychology
mahin etemadnia; parsa javanmard; Majid Mahmoud Alilou; Abbas Bakhshipour Roudsari; Mansour Bayrami
Abstract
IntroductionThe present study evaluated the triple vulnerability model for depression, general anxiety, and social phobia. Each level of the triple vulnerability model for each disorder was examined with looming vulnerability style as a disorder-specific psychological vulnerability for GAD and social ...
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IntroductionThe present study evaluated the triple vulnerability model for depression, general anxiety, and social phobia. Each level of the triple vulnerability model for each disorder was examined with looming vulnerability style as a disorder-specific psychological vulnerability for GAD and social phobia.MethodThe method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. 370 students from Urmia universities were selected from which 340 students (177 men, 162 women) completed Neuroticism and Extraversion Subscales (Neo-FFI), Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ-R), Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ). ResultsThe results of path analysis indicated that neuroticism had significant direct effects on all three disorders, and holding neuroticism constant, extraversion was inversely associated with depression and social phobia. Perceived control was significantly associated with GAD only, holding neuroticism and extraversion constant. Of the disorder-specific psychological vulnerability, holding general vulnerability dimensions constant, looming vulnerability style was not specific predictor of GAD and social phobia. Based on the results reported in the first model of the study (general bio-vulnerability), the effect coefficients of all variables are significant at the level (p <0.01). In the second model (general psychological vulnerability), the coefficients of the effect of neuroticism and extraversion on all three variables are significant; However, the perceived control pathway coefficient is significant only on pervasive anxiety (p <0.01). In the third model of the research (specific vulnerability with the addition of near-risk perception style), the coefficients of the effect of neuroticism, extraversion and perceived control on all three variables are significant; However, after maintaining the effect of the dimensions of general vulnerability, namely neuroticism, extraversion, and perceived control, the coefficient of the near-risk perception pathway on social anxiety and depression is significant. The coefficients of neuroticism pathway on social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and depression are 0.44, 0.39 and 0.40, respectively (p <0.01). The coefficient of extraversion pathway on social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and depression was -0.36, -0.31 and -0.33, respectively (p <0.01). Perceived control path's coefficients on social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder and depression were reported as -0.25, -0.30 and -0.28, respectively (p <0.01). The coefficient of near-risk perception style path's coefficient on social anxiety (0.26) is at the level of 0.01 and the pathway coefficient of near-risk perception style on depression (0.19) is at the level of 0.05; however, the coefficient of near-risk perception style on pervasive anxiety (0.11) is not significant.ConclusionThe results are discussed in regard to transdiagnostic models of the emotional disorders and the various roles of general and specific vulnerability dimensions in the onset, severity, and temporal course of psychopathology.
Clinical Psychology
Houra Ebrahimi rad; ilnaz sajjadian
Abstract
Introduction : Internalizing disorders are the most frequent among elementary school students and are often manifested due to irregularity in mood and emotions, and it affects children with weak self-expression more. Studies have shown that one of the most important causes of internalizing disorders ...
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Introduction : Internalizing disorders are the most frequent among elementary school students and are often manifested due to irregularity in mood and emotions, and it affects children with weak self-expression more. Studies have shown that one of the most important causes of internalizing disorders in children is family factors, and in this way, it seems that mindful parenting education provides a framework for parents to correct ineffective parenting practices, provide appropriate feedback, and pay attention to parent-child relationships. to focus on the present time and with this method it improved the mood and positive self-expression in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on the positive self-expression and mood of students with internalizing disorders.Method: The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test with a control group and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all the female students of the second year of elementary school with internalizing disorders in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2018-2019 along with their mothers. From the mentioned society, 30 student-mothers were selected and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Mindful parenting training program was implemented for the experimental group during 8 sessions. The research tools were temperament scale (Malhotra, 1993), self-expression scale (Gambrill and Reggie, 1975) and child behavior checklist (Achenbach, 1991). For statistical analysis, SPSS software version 22 was used in this research to analyze the data, and the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used to test the hypotheses.Results: In the variables of positive self-expression and mood, the difference between the two experimental and control groups in the pre-test is insignificant. However, in the post-test and follow-up stage, the difference between the control group and the group of mindful parenting education is significant in positive self-expression and mood (p<0.05). The effect of parenting training in improving positive self-expression in the post-test and follow-up phase is equal to 18.7 and 21 percent, respectively, and in improving mood in the post-test phase is equal to 27.6 percent and in the follow-up phase is equal to 36 percent. According to the results, it can be concluded that mindful parenting training is effective on positive self-expression and mood of students with internalizing disorder, and the effects of training remain in the follow-up phase.Discussion: Therefore, in order to improve positive self-expression and mood of students with internalizing disorder, it is possible to benefit from mindful parenting training.
Clinical Psychology
Asieh Mazloom Ghaziani; Mryam Ghorbani
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the important issues of global health that has huge economic and social effects. Extensive chronic pain syndromes have always been a big challenge for doctors and patients. One of the most common chronic pain syndromes is fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia is known as a chronic, ...
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Chronic pain is one of the important issues of global health that has huge economic and social effects. Extensive chronic pain syndromes have always been a big challenge for doctors and patients. One of the most common chronic pain syndromes is fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia is known as a chronic, painful, and non-inflammatory syndrome that affects the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on emotional balance, psychological cohesion, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with a control group. MethodThe study population included fibromyalgia patients referred to Isfahan Medical Sciences Center in 2021. Of these, 24 patients were selected by available sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups of 12 experimental and control. The experimental group participated in 90 minutes of 8 sessions of emotion therapy; But for the control group, no intervention was made. Data collection tools including three questionnaires of emotion balance Spin Diner (2010), Antonovsky's sense of inner cohesion (1993) and Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) answered. Research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 26. ResultsThe results of the main hypothesis of the study showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased positive feelings, feelings of psychological cohesion, self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.01). Also, the results of the first sub-hypothesis showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased the feeling of psychological cohesion in the dimensions of comprehensibility and manageability in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.05). Also, the results of the second sub-hypothesis showed that emotion-oriented treatment has effectively increased general self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan (p<0.05). In explaining the results obtained in relation to the effectiveness of the treatment on the positive emotions of the patients, it can be said that feelings and emotions are an essential part of the dynamic system of human personality. The characteristics and changes of feelings and emotions and their interpretation play an important role in the development of personality organization, moral evolution, social relations, formation of identity and self-concept.DiscussionTherefore, according to the results, it is suggested that emotion-oriented therapy be used to increase positive bed bugs, psychological cohesion, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients. Determining the effectiveness of emotional therapy on emotional balance, sense of inner coherence and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city. Findings about the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the dependent variables of research in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city showed that emotion-oriented therapy has effectively increased positive feelings, feelings of psychological coherence, and self-efficacy in fibromyalgia patients in Isfahan city.
Clinical Psychology
Shahrazad Qarabaghi; Marjan Kian; Maryam Moghadasin
Abstract
IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period that includes the age range of ten to eighteen years, and the adolescent at this age enjoys rapid physical, cognitive, psychological, and emotional growth, and the occurrence of these characteristics causes challenges in the adolescent's thinking, feeling, ...
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IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period that includes the age range of ten to eighteen years, and the adolescent at this age enjoys rapid physical, cognitive, psychological, and emotional growth, and the occurrence of these characteristics causes challenges in the adolescent's thinking, feeling, decision-making power, and interaction. will be Today's teenagers are faced with many crises. Among the challenges of adolescent development are the consequences of the advancement of civilization, technology, the ever-increasing development of information and information systems, pornography, social temptations, the flow of influence, bloodshed and cultural degeneration, the gap between generations, family unrest, the bombardment of sexual information by peers. The aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of the sex education curriculum on the mental health and self-care development of first year high school students. MethodThe quantitative research approach was semi-experimental. The statistical population was public school students of the first year of high school in one district of Karaj city, 30 7th grade female students were selected in two groups of 15 (experimental and control). The research tool was three questionnaires of the mental health of the saints, eternal self-care and a researcher-made checklist, which was used in order to check the learning effectiveness of the intervention plan, a pre-test-post-test format with experimental and control groups. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe findings showed that the sex education curriculum has a significant effect on some components of mental health, as well as in the dimensions of self-care, the sex education program has a significant effect on the development of emotional, mental and physical self-care. Also, the significant difference in the post-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group indicated the effectiveness of the sex education intervention plan. DiscussionIn fact, the curriculum of sex education has led to the formation and development of knowledge, awareness, skills, and knowledge of educators, and by transferring the principles of maintaining mental health and developing self-care skills, it will lead to the safety of the individual and society, and the enjoyment of a more efficient generation and a healthier society. It is recommended to education policymakers to design a sex education curriculum with an Islamic-native approach, based on the philosophical, social and cultural foundations of Iran, and to formally teach it as one of the essential educational and cultural skills in schools so that students in the environment The community should not suffer unwanted and hidden injuries.
Clinical Psychology
Noora Shahmiri; Javanshir Asadi; leila sadat Azizi ziabari; Hasan Abdollahzadeh
Abstract
IntroductionThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Social physique anxiety, impulsive behaviors, and emotional self-regulation of obese people. The statistical population of the research consisted of all obese women living ...
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IntroductionThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Social physique anxiety, impulsive behaviors, and emotional self-regulation of obese people. The statistical population of the research consisted of all obese women living in Tehran in 2022. Recent studies show that obesity has reached epidemic proportions in recent years and its prevalence is still increasing. Obesity is often associated with many physical diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, premature birth, and arthritis, as well as social and economic harms such as problems in interpersonal communication, reduced productivity, and hope. It comes with life and health care costs. Although weight causes physical, social, and economic problems, it can have a significant effect on creating psychological problems; Especially in today's age, when there is a different view of obesity and body, and these conditions, in turn, cause physical and social anxiety in people with obesity in social situations. Physical-social anxiety is a special form of social anxiety that is defined as the fear of negative evaluation or rejection by others because of one's physical appearance. A person suffering from physical-social anxiety does not feel comfortable with his body and body in social situations and is worried that others will judge his appearance or have a negative evaluation about his appearance. On the other hand, in people with obesity, due to their physical condition and fear of social evaluations, this condition, in addition to being anxiety-provoking, can reduce the patient's tolerance threshold, which is one of the important and fundamental factors in increased impulsivity. MethodThe research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up (one month) with control group and random assignment of subjects. To measure the research variables, social physique anxiety scale (SPA) by Hart et al. (1989), the impulsivity questionnaire (BIS-11) by Barrett et al. (2004) and the emotional self-regulation scale by Hoffman and Kashdan (2010) were used. First, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people each). Then, the experimental group received Acceptance and Commitment Therapy during 8 therapy sessions, one session of 90 minutes per week. Both groups were measured in three stages: pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up. The data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis using SPSS-22 software.ResultsThe findings of the research showed that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was effective on social physique anxiety, impulsive behaviors, and emotional self-regulation in obese women (p=0/.5). This effectiveness was sustained in the follow-up period. Also, the findings of the research show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has led to the reduction of impulsive behaviors and improvement of emotional self-regulation in people with obesity. Individuals who struggle with problems with emotional self-regulation, delayed gratification, and poor impulse control are more likely to eat high-fat foods when they are available. In fact, overeating appears to temporarily reduce negative emotions. The reduction of impulsive behaviors and, consequently, the improvement of emotional self-regulation skills following treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be attributed to the three components of acceptance, attention to clients' values, and mindfulness in therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Acceptance as an adaptive emotion regulation strategy does not mean changing the experienced emotions.DiscussionAcceptance and Commitment Therapy can be used as an effective intervention to reduce social people. anxiety and impulsive behaviors and improve emotional self-regulation in obese people. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the research hypothesis is confirmed. The findings show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been effective in reducing the physical-social anxiety of people with obesity.
