Document Type : Research Article
Authors
University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Intermittent explosive disorder appears in the social context and in response to social stimuli. Probably, processing social stimuli and responding to them in different social contexts, has an important role in this disorder and Affects its symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on social cognition in adolescents with intermittent explosive disorder.
Method: The present study is a field experiment with pretest-posttest design. The number of 38 students with intermittent explosive disorder were selected through Targeted sampling and They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The two groups at the beginning and the end of the study responded to the questionnaire for screening of intermittent explosive disorder and social stories. During the ten sessions, the experiment group came under the intervention of behavioral cognitive therapy every week.
Findings: the results of ANCOVA analysis showed that behavioral cognitive therapy was effective on improving social cognition and reducing the symptoms of intermittent explosive disorder. Behavioral cognitive therapy has been effective on improving the steps of encoding signs, representing and interpreting information, and choosing response. But there was no effect on the steps involved in clarifying the objectives and in finding possible answers.
Result: It seems that by using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and generalizing them to various social tissues, it is possible to improve the social cognition of people with Intermittent explosive disorder that act as an inhibitory capacity to prevent the symptoms of this disorder in social tissues.
Keywords
Aboujaoude, E. & Koran, L. M. (Eds.). (2010). Impulse control disorders. Cambridge University Press.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub.
Barreto, T. M., Zanin, C. R. & Domingos, N. A. (2009). Intervenção cognitivo-comportamental em transtorno explosivo intermitente: relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas, 5(1), 62-76.
Bauminger, N., Schorr Edelsztein, H. & Morash, J. (2005). Social information processing and emotional understanding in children with LD. Journal of learning disabilities, 38 (1), 45-61.
Bettman, M. D. (1998). Social cognition, criminal violence, and psychopathy. Queen's University at Kingston.
Billeke, P. & Aboitiz, F. (2013). Social cognition in schizophrenia: from social stimuli processing to social engagement. Frontiers in psychiatry, 4, 4-16.
Billeke, P., Boardman, S. & Doraiswamy, P. (2013). Social cognition in major depressive disorder: A new paradigm? Translational Neuroscience, 4(4), 437-447.
Bukatko, D. & Deahler, M. W. (1995). Child Development, 2nd Edition. Boston & Toronto, Nelson Thornes. Ltd.
Coccaro, E. F. (2003). Aggression: Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment. CRC Press.
Coccaro, E. F. & Grant, J. E. (2018). Intermittent Explosive Disorder and the Impulse-Control Disorders. In John E. Lochman, J. & Matthys, w. (Eds), The Wiley Handbook of Disruptive and Impulse-Control Disorders (89-101). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Coccaro, E. F., Berman, M. E. & McCloskey, M. S. (2016). Development of a screening questionnaire for DSM-5 intermittent explosive disorder (IED-SQ). Comprehensive psychiatry, 74, 21-26.
Coccaro, E. F., Fanning, J. R., Fisher, E., Couture, L. & Lee, R. J. (2017). Social emotional information processing in adults: Development and psychometrics of a computerized video assessment in healthy controls and aggressive individuals. Psychiatry research, 248, 40-47.
Coccaro, E. F., Fanning, J. R., Keedy, S. K. & Lee, R. J. (2016). Social cognition in Intermittent Explosive Disorder and aggression. Journal of psychiatric research, 83, 140-150.
Coccaro, E. F., Fanning, J. & Lee, R. (2017). Development of a social emotional information processing assessment for adults (SEIP‐Q). Aggressive Behavior, 43(1), 47-59.
Cohen, N., Kershner, J. & Wehrspann,W. (1985). Characteristics of social cognition in children with different symptom patterns. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 6, 277-290.
Corey, G. (2017). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Nelson Education.
Corrigan, P. W. & Penn, D. L. (2001). Social cognition and schizophrenia. American Psychological Association.
Costa, A. M., Medeiros, G. C., Redden, S., Grant, J. E., Tavares, H. & Seger, L. (2018). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for intermittent explosive disorder: description and preliminary analysis. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 40, 316-319.
Crick, N. R. & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74101.
Dodge, K. A. (1980). Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. Child development, 3, 162-170.
Dodge, K. A. & Price, J. M. (1994). On the relation between social information processing and socially competent behavior in early school‐aged children. Child development, 65(5), 1385-1397.
Dodge, K. A. & Somberg, D. R. (1987). Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threats to the self. Child development, 213-224.
Dziegielewski, S. F. (2015). DSM-5 in Action. John Wiley & Sons.
First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S. & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders– clinical version (SCID-5-CV). Arlington: American Psychiatric Association.
Forgas, J. P. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of affect and social cognition. Psychology Press.
Forgas, J. P., Haselton, M. G. & Von Hippel, W. (Eds.). (2011). Evolution and the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and social cognition. Psychology Press.
Galovski, T., Blanchard, E. B. & Veazey, C. (2002). Intermittent explosive disorder and other psychiatric co-morbidity among court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers. Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(6), 641-651.
Grant, J. E., Donahue, C. B. & Odlaug, B. L. (2011). Treating impulse control disorders: A cognitive-behavioral therapy program, therapist guide. Oxford University Press.
Happé, F., Cook, J. L. & Bird, G. (2017). The structure of social cognition: In dependence of socio-cognitive processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 243-267.
Hewage, K., Steel, Z., Mohsin, M., Tay, A. K., De Oliveira, J. C., Da Piedade, M. & Silove, D. (2018). A wait-list controlled study of a trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment for intermittent explosive disorder in Timor-Leste. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(3), 282-294.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T. & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive therapy and research, 36(5), 427-440.
Huesmann, L. (1988). An information processing model for the development of aggression. Aggressive behavior, 14(1), 13-24.
Jafari, E., Ghazanfarian, F., Aliakbari, M. & Kamarzarin, H. (2017). The effectiveness of coping skills’ training on emotional regulation in delinquent adolescents. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 4(1), 97-110. [Persian]
Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2005). Social problem solving and the development of aggression. Social problem solving and offending: Evidence, evaluation and evolution, 31-50.
Keramati, K., Zargar, Y., Naami, A., Beshlideh, K. & Davodi, I. (2015). The effect of child and mother-child group cognitive-behavioral therapy on social anxiety, self-esteem and assertiveness among students in the 5th and 6th grades of Ahvaz city. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 4(2), 153-170. [Persian]
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Coping & Adaptation, In Gentry, W.D, (Ed). Handbook of Behavioral Medicine. Gilford press.
McCloskey, M. S., Ben-Zeev, D., Lee, R. & Coccaro, E. F. (2008). Prevalence of suicidal and self-injurious behavior among subjects with intermittent explosive disorder. Psychiatry research, 158 (2), 248-250.
McCloskey, M. S., Noblett, K. L., Deffenbacher, J. L., Gollan, J. K. & Coccaro, E. F. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for intermittent explosive disorder: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 76 (5), 876-886.
McGuire, J. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral approaches: An introduction to theory and research. Home office. Liverpool: University of Liverpool.
McMurran, M. & McGuire, J. (Eds.). (2005). Social problem solving and offending: Evidence, evaluation and evolution (Vol. 22). John Wiley & Sons.
Nagi, I. (2007). Developmental trends in social cognition for children with and without disabilities. PsychologyTheses in the College of Arts andSciences Georgia State University.
Nezu, C. M., D’Zurilla, T. J. & Nezu, A. M. (2005). Problem Solving Therapy, Theory, Practice and Application to sex Offenders. In McMurran, M. & McGuire, J. (Eds), Social Problem Solving and Offending (103- 123). Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Osma, J., Crespo, E. & Castellano, C. (2016). Multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy for intermittent explosive disorder by videoconferencing: a case study. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 32(2), 424-432.
Pourmaveddat, K. & Bashash, L. (2009). Social information processing development in students with mild intellectual disabilities. Research on Exceptional Children, 9(3), 211-222. [Persian]
Prochaska, J. O. & Norcross, J. C. (2018). Systems of psychotherapy: A trans theoretical analysis. Oxford University Press.
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A. & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Santrock, J. W, (2004). Educational Psychology, 2nd Edition, New York, McGraw- Hill.
Serin, R. C. & Brown, S. (2005). Social cognition in psychopaths: Implications for offender assessment and treatment. Social problem solving and offending: Evidence, evaluation and evolution. New York, NY, US: John Willey and Sons Ltd, 249-64.
Smeijers, D., Rinck, M., Bulten, E., van den Heuvel, T. & Verkes, R. J. (2017). Generalized hostile interpretation bias regarding facial expressions: Characteristic of pathological aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior, 43(4), 386-397.
Tobin, R. M. & House, A. E. (2016). DSM-5 diagnosis in the schools. Guilford Press.
Tur-Kaspa, H. & Bryan, T. H. (1994). Social information processing skills of students with LD. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 9, 12-23.
VandenBos, G. R. (2015). APA dictionary of psychology. American Psychological Association.
)