Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Master in Family counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment Based therapy on psychological capitals and neuroticism among mothers of a child with Down Syndrome. The present research was a quasi-experimental conducted by pretest and posttest with control group design. The research population was all mothers with a child with Down Syndrome in Mashhad in 2017. The sample was 30 mothers selected by available and purposeful sampling methods and they were assigned into experimental and control groups by random assignment method. Experimental group received 8 weekly 90-minute sessions of Acceptance and commitment Based therapy. Both groups were completed Demographic Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Scale and NEO-FFI (Neuroticism dimension) before and after treatment. The data were analyzed through Covariance Analysis. The results indicated that Acceptance and commitment Based therapy improved psychological capitals and neuroticism in experimental group as compare with control group (p < 0/001). Based on the findings, Acceptance and commitment Based therapy increased psychological capitals and neuroticism among mothers with a Down Syndrome child.

Keywords

Abbasi, S. H., Aryapouran, S., & Karimi, J. (2020). The effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on social anxiety and body image in women with obesity. Journal of Psychological Achievement, 26(2), 137-158. [Persian]
Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Consiglio, C., & Mitidieri, G. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 23(2), 149-159.
Alem Dianati, F., & Moheb, N. (2018). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Instruction and Evaluation, 10(40), 171-188. [Persian]
Antunes, A. C., Caetano, A., & Pina Cunha, M. (2017). Reliability and construct validity of the Portuguese version of the psychological capital questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 120(3), 520-536.
Arab, S. (2015). The role of social capital and psychological capital on marital adjustment. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. [Persian]
Asgari, P., Naderi, F., & Heikal, K. (2009). The rplationship between personality characteristics and social support with job satisfaction of female teachers in Ahvaz. Woman and culture, 7(1), 70-80. [Persian]
Adibi Sedeh, S., Sepehvandi, M. A & Gholamrezaei, S. (2017). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on depression and anxiety in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Psychological Achievement, 25(1), 129-146. [Persian]
Bagheri, P., Saadati, N., Fatollahzadeh, N., Darbani, S. (2017). The effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy on self-efficacy and social adjustment of elderly retired. Journal of Geriatric Nursing, 3(2), 103-117. [Persian]
Bahadori Khosroshahi, J., Habiby Kalibar, R. (2016). Effectiveness of group
reality therapy on psychological capital, self-worth, and social well-being of elderly people. Journal of Aging Psychology, 2(3), 165-153. [Persian]
Bahreinian, A. M., Haji Alizadeh, K., Ebrahimi, L., & Hashemi Gorji, O. (2012). Comparison of personality characteristics and adaptation of mothers of mentally retarded and normal students in Tehran in 2008-2009. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 2(7), 153-167. [Persian]
Barghi Irani, Z., Zare, H., & Abedin, M. (2016). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on the psychological capital in patients with esophageal cancer. Health Psychology, 4(14), 113-128. [Persian]
Bayrami, M., & Movahedi, Y. (2015). The effectiveness of social skills training on psychological capital among university atudents of Tabriz. Quarterly Journal of Social Work, 4(1), 30-37. [Persian]
Behrouz, B., Heidarizadeh, N., Jalalian, S., & Bavali, F. (2015). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on decreasing the intensity of the symptoms of trichotillomania and depression: A single case study. Journal of Community Health, 9(3), 18-28. [Persian]
Bean, R. C., Ong, C. W., Lee, J., & Twohig, M. P. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for PTSD and trauma: An empirical review. Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Bhatia, M. S., Kabra, M., & Sapra, S. (2005). Behavioral problems in children with Down syndrome. Indian Pediatrics, 42(7), 675-680.
Bonacquisti, A., Cohen, M. J., & Schiller, C. E. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: development of an inpatient group intervention. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 20(5), 645-654.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(6), 653-665.
Dabrowska, A., & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre‐school children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(3), 266-280.
Dale, E., Jahoda, A., & Knott, F. (2006). Mothers' attributions following their child's diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder, Exploring links with maternal levels of stress, depression, and expectations about their child's future. Autism, 10(5), 463-479.
Eid, J., Mearns, K., Larsson, G., Laberg, J. C., & Johnsen, B. H. (2012). Leadership, psychological capital, and safety research: Conceptual issues and future research questions. Safety Science, 50(1), 55-61.
Eifert, G. H., & Forsyth, J. P. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger
Farahani, M., & Heydari, H. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on resiliency of MS patients. Frooyesh, 7(6), 149-162. [Persian]
Fatima, I., & Suhail, K. (2020). Protective factors for subjective well-being in mothers of children with Down syndrome. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research34(4), 655-669.
Fazeli Kebria, M., Hassanzadeh, R., Mirzaeian, B., & Khajevand Khosheli, A. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on psychological capital in cardiovascular patients in Babol. Journal of Babol University of Medical sciences, 20(4), 68-73. [Persian]
Ghashghaeizadeh, N. (2016). The study of the effectiveness of training of psychological capital on dimensions of social capital among women teachers of elementary schools. Psychological Studies, 12(1), 125-140. [Persian]
Goodarzi, F., Soltani, Z., Hoseini Seddigh, M. S., Hamdami, M., & Ghsemi Jobaneh, R. (2017). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion regulation and quality of life of mothers of children with intellectual disability. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 7, 1-6. [Persian]
Hajsadeghi, Z., Bassak Nejad, S., &Razmjoo, S. (2017). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on depression and anxiety among women with breast Cancer. Pajouhan scientific Journal, 15(4), 42-49. [Persian]
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1–25.
Jahangiri, A., Shirdal, M., & Gharachoorlou, S. (2018). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive-emotional regulation and self-efficacy in struggling with problems in people with substance abuse treated with methadone. Journal of the North Khorasan University of Medical Science, 10(2), 41-49.
Larson, M., & Luthans, F. (2006). Potential added value of psychological capital in predicting work attitudes. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(2), 75-92.
Lee, E. B., Ong, C. W., An, W., & Twohig, M. P. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy for a case of scrupulosity-related obsessive-compulsive disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 82(4), 407-423.
Luthans, F., Youssef, C., & Avolio, B. (2006). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford: Oxford university press.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572
Mahmoodi, A. (2017). Psychological profile of mothers of mentally retarded and normal children. Psychological Methods and Models, 8(28), 116-130. [Persian]
McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Chang, M. Y., Jarrah, S., & Shukri, R. (2008). The impact on mothers of bringing up a child with intellectual disabilities: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(1), 65-74.
Mehrafzar, P., & Jahangir, P. (2016). The relationship between self-efficacy and resilience and quality of life of mothers of mentally retarded children of Tehran. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 7(2), 235-249. [Persian]
Moghanloo, M., & Aguilar-Vafaie, M. (2009). Domain and facets of the five-factor model of personality correlates of happiness, mental health, and physical health. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 15(3), 290-299. [Persian]
Moyer, D. N., Murrell, A. R., Connally, M. L., & Steinberg, D. S. (2017). Showing up for class: Training graduate students in acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 114-118.
Nourian, L., Aghaei, A., & Ghorbani, M. (2015). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on weight self-efficacy lifestyle in obese women. Journal of Mazandaran University Medical Science, 25(123), 159-169. [Persian]
Ogston, P., Mackintosh, V., & Myers, B. (2011). Hope and worry in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder of Down syndrome. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(4), 1378-1384.
Pots, W. T., Fledderus, M., Meulenbeek, P. A., Peter, M., Schreurs, K. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(1), 69-77.
Rajaei, A., Nadi, M. A., & Jafari, A. R. (2017). Psychometric characteristics of positive psychological capital scale among staff employees of education in Isfahan. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 18(3), 94-108. [Persian]
Roshan Chesly, R., Shaeeri, M., Atrifard, M., Nikkhah, A., Ghaem Maghami, B., & Rahimierad, A. (2006). Investigating psychometric properties of the “NEO-Five Factor Inventory” (NEO-FFI). Clinical Psychology and Personality, 1(16), 27-36. [Persian]
Sabour, S., & Kakabraee, K. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression, stress, and indicators of pain in women with chronic pain. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 2(4), 1-9. [Persian]
Salehi, N., Neshatdoost, H. T., & Afshar, H. (2018). The impact of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to psychological indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) in women with Fibromyalgia. Journal of Research Behavioral Science, 16(1), 78-83. [Persian]
Schupf, N., Lee, A., Park, N., Dang, L. H., Pang, D., Yale, A., ... & Zigman, W. B. (2015). Candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease are associated with individual differences in plasma levels of beta-amyloid peptides in adults with Down syndrome. Neurobiology of Aging, 36(10), 1-10.
Sodani, M., Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, M., & Zarghamian, Z. (2011). The effectiveness of Logo training on quality of life and its dimensions in mothers with special needs children. National Conference on New Approaches to Maintenance and Health Promotion. Astara: Islamic Azad University of Astara Branch.
Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: Going beyond traditional motivational and behavioral approaches. Organizational Dynamics, 26, 62-74.
Stoddard, J. A., & Afari, N. (2017). The big book of ACT metaphors: A practitioner's guide to experiential exercises and metaphors in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Translated by Ramezan Hasanzadeh, Mitra Mosleho Joybari, Gelin Mehdinejad Gorji, Sahar Mehrabi Pari. New Harbinger Publications. [Persian]
Sweetman, D., & Luthans, F. (2010). The power of positive psychology: Psychological capital and work engagement. InA. B. Bakker and M. P. Leiter, Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Van Gastel, W., Legerstee, J. S., & Ferdinand, R. F. (2009). The role of perceived parenting in familial aggregation of anxiety disorders in children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(1), 46-53.
Vadakedom, S. S., Antony, J. M., Padma, B. K., Mammen, D. S., & Thankappan, B. P. (2017). Quality of life of mothers of children with Down syndrome. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 6(36), 2939-2943.
Wang, D., Xueqing, W., Xia, N. (2018). How safety-related stress effects worker's safety behavior: The moderating role of psychological capital. Safety Science, 103, 247-259.
Xue, S. A., Kaine, L., & Ng, M. L. (2010). Quantification of vocal tract configuration of older children with Down syndrome: A pilot study. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 74(4), 378-383.
Yousefiyan, Z., Aminnasab, A., & Sehati, M. (2019). Effectiveness of self-compassion based therapy on depression and psychological capital in the people with MS. Journal of Analytical-Cognitive Psychology, 10(37), 45-57. [Persian]
Zare, H. (2017). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on imroving the flexibility and cognitive fusion. Social Cognition, 6(1), 125-134. [Persian]
Zemestani, H., Gholizadeh, Z., & Alaei, M. (2018). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and anxiety of ADHD children’s mothers. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 8(29), 61-84. [Persian]