Document Type : Research Article

Author

iran, ahvaz, shahid chamran university

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test a model consisting of Causal relationship between religiosity and spirituality with psychological adjustment with mediating role of attachment to god. 144 students of Jundishapur University (82 female and 62 male) were selected by simple random sampling. The instruments used in this study were The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (2002), The Age Universal I-E Scale-12 (1990), The Short Depression-Happiness Scale (2004), Attachment to God Scale (2003), Attachment to God Inventory (2004) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (1985). The fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling. The indirect effects were tested by using bootstrap procedure. The findings indicated that the relationship of religiosity and spirituality with psychological adjustment was known by means of the intermediary variable of attachment to god. The proposed model enjoys good features and psychological adjustment was predicted and explained by religiosity, spirituality and attachment to god (GFI=0.93) and (RSMEA=0.02).

Keywords

Beck, R., & McDonald, A. (2004). Attachment to God: The attachment to God inventory, tests of working model correspondence, and an exploration of faith group differences. Journal of Psychology & Theology, 32, 92-103.
Bradshaw, M., & Kent, B. V. (2017). Prayer, Attachment to God, and Changes in Psychological Well-Being in Later Life. Journal of Aging and Health, 75(2), 1–25.
Cohen, A. B., Pierce, J. D., Chambers, J., Meade, R., Gorvine, B. J., & Koenig, H. G. (2005). Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, belief in the afterlife, death anxiety, and life satisfaction in young Catholics and Protestants. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 307-324.
Counted, V., Possamai, A., McAuliffe, C., & Meade, T. (2018). Attachment to australia, attachment to god, and quality of life outcomes among african Christian diasporas in new south wales: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. Advance online publication.
Diner, Ed., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality ,culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evalution of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403-425.
Ellison, C. G. (1994); Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of health and social behavior, 32, 80 – 99.
Ellison, C. G., Bradshaw, M., Flannelly, K. J. Galek, K. C. (2014). Prayer, Attachment to God, and Symptoms of Anxiety-Related Disorders among U.S. Adults. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 75(2), 208-233.
Emmons, R. A. (2000). Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, & the psychology of ultimate concern. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 3-26.
Gharabi, B., Ahmadvand, A., Akbari Dehghani, A., & Zanvariyan, S. (2008). Investigating the relationship between mental health with internal and external religions in Kashan city. Quarterly Journal of Psychology of Tabriz University, 3(10), 61-84. (persian)
Ghobari Bonab, B., RafiKhah, M., & Mohajerani, M. (2013). The relationship between attachment to God and perceived social support with post traumatic development in mothers of children with physical inferiority. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 4(1),1-14. (Persian)
Hasrings, M. (2012). The relationship between attachment to adults, attachment to God, and satisfaction with life. For degree of doctor of Philosophy. the University of Missour.
Joseph, S., Linley, P. A., Harwood, J., Lewis, C. A., & McCollam, P. (2004). Rapid assessment of well-being: The Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS). Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 77, 463-478.
Joules,S. (2007). The Mediating role of god attachment between religiosity and spirituality and psychological adjustment in young adults.Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University.
Kate, J., Koster, W., Waal, J. (2017). The Effect of religiosity on life satisfaction in a secularized context: Assessing the relevance of believing and belonging. Review of Religious Research, 59, 135–155.
Murphy, P. E., Ciarrocchi, J. W., Piedmont, R. L., Cheston, S., Peyrot, M., & Fitchett, G. (2000). The relation of religious belief and practices, depression, and hopelessness in persons with clinical depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 1102-1106.
Poon Zahl, B., & Gibson, N. J. S. (2012). God representations, attachment to god, and satisfaction with life: A comparison of doctrinal and experiential representations of God in christian young adults. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 22, 216–230.
Rowatt, W. C., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2002). Two dimensions of attachment to God and their relation to affect, religiosity, and personality constructs. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 637-651.
Sim, T. N., & Loh, B. S. M. (2003). Attachment to God: Measurement and dynamics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 373-389.
Steger, M. F., & Frazier, P. (2005). Meaning in life: One link in the chain from religiousness to well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 574-582.
Underwood, L. G. & Teresi, J. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 22-33.
Wisie, S., Hamid, N., & Besaknejad, S. (2014). The effect of Multidimensional Islamic Approach Therapy on spiritual health and satisfaction with life of female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 4(2), 125-144. (Persian)
Maltby, J. (1999). The internal structure of a derived, revised, and amended measure of the Religious Orientation Scale: The 'Age-Universal' I-E Scale-12. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 27, 407-412.
Sheikhi, M., Houman, H. A., Ahadi, H., & Sepah Mansour, M. (2010). Modeling loneliness on the basis of spiritual wellbeing structure, self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Journal of Psychological Researches. 2(7), 19-32.