Document Type : Research Article
Authors
Faculty member, Faculty of Education, Science and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University (Ahvaz), Ahvaz, Iran
10.22055/psy.2004.16366
Abstract
The objective of this study was to construct and validate an occupational expectation of self-efficacy scale for university students. The Results of this study showed a high reliability among the sub-scales, such as educational needs, occupational expectancies between men and women. Also, the concurrent validity coefficients within and among sub-scales such as job self-efficacy, educational needs, and job-duties in all samples significant. Also, a one way factor analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant difference among the male and female students on all the sub-scales except on educational needs. The were significant level of aO.O5 was adopted in this research.
Keywords
Bandura, A (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifing theory of behavioral change. Psychology Reviewe, 84, 191-215. In Beta, N. E & Hackett,l G.(1998). Manual for the Occupational self-efficacy Scale. Available is in www. Google. Corn.
Bndura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy. Mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Betz, N.E., & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in College woman and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399-410.
Betz, N.E., & Fitzgerald, L.F. (1993). Individuality and diversity. Theory and research in counseling psychology. Annual Review of Psychology. 44, 343-381.
Hackett, G. & Betz, N.E. (1981). A self-efficacy to the career development of woman. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18, 326-339.
Betz, N.E. & Hackett,. G. (1998). Manual for the Occupational self-efficacy Scale. Available is in www. Google. Corn.
Betz, N.F. & hackett, G. (1983). The relationship of mathematics self-efficacy expectations to the selection of seience-based college majors. Journal of VocationaL Behavior, 23, 329-345.
Hackett, G. Betz, N.E., Casas, J.M. & Rocha-Singh, l.A. (1992). Gender, ethnicity, and social cognitive factors preachicting the academic achievement of students in engineering. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 527-538.
Hackett, G. & Campell, N.K. (1987). Task self-efficacy and task interest as a function of performance on a gender neutral task. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Hackett, 0., & Lent, R.W. (1992). Theoretical advances and current inquiry in counseling psychology. In S.D. Brown & R.W. Lent (eds.). Handbook of counseling psychology (2nd ed., 419.452). New York: Wiley.
Layton, P.L. (1984). Self-efficacy, locus of control, career salience, and women career choice. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Lent, R., Brown, S. & Hackett, 0. (1994). Toward a unified social cognitive theory of career academic interest, choice and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Lent, R.W., Brown, D. & Larkin, K.C. (1984). Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achievement and persistence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, 269. In Betz, N.E & Hackett, 0. (1998). Manual for the occupational self-efficacy scale, Available is in WWW. Google.Com.
Lent, R.W., Brown, D. & Larkin, K.S. (1986). self-efficacy in the prediction of academic success and perceived career option. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 33, 265-269. In Betz, N. E & Hackett, 0. (1998). Manual for the occupational self-efficacy scale, Available is in WWW.Google.Com.
Lent, R.W., & Hackett, 0. (1987). Career self-efficacy. Emprical status and future directions. Journal of Nocational Behavior, 30, 347-382. In Miranda, A. 0., & Umhoefer, D. L. (1998). Acculturation, Language, and demographic variables as predictions of the career self-efficacy. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, Vol. 26, 13-39.
Matsui, T., Ikeda, H., Oshnishi, R. (1989). Relations of sex-typed socializations to career self-efficacy expectation of college studnts. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 1-16.
Mitchell, S.L (1990). The relationship betwen racial identity attitudes, career sif-efficacy, and involvement in campus organizations amoun black college students. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Dpartment of Psychology, The state university.
Multon, K.D., Brown, S.D., & Lent, R.W. (1991). Relation fo self-efficacy belieLs to acadmic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 30-38.
Nazami, E., Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1996). Persion adaptation of the general self-efficacy scale. Available is in www.Goale.com.
Robbins, S.B. (1985). Validity estimates for the Career Decision Making Self-efficacy Scale. Measurment and Evalution in Counseling and Development, 18, 64-71.
Taylor, K.M. & Betz, N.E. (1983). Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career in decision. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Taylor, K.M., & Popma, J. (1990). An examination of the relationships among career making self-efficacy, career salience, loucs of control, and vocation indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 17-31.
Vasil, I. (1992). Self-efficacy expectations and causal attributions for achievement amonge male and female university faculty. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 41, 259-269.
Williams, T.W. (1993). The relationship between career self-efficacy and degree of feminist orientation unpublished ph. D. disseration. Department of Psychology, The ohio state university, Columbus, oH.
Zilber, S.M. (1988). The efficacy of sex, task performance, and attributional styles on task and career self-efficacy expectations. Unpublished ph.D. dissertation, Department of Psychology, The ohio state university.
Bndura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy. Mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Betz, N.E., & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in College woman and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399-410.
Betz, N.E., & Fitzgerald, L.F. (1993). Individuality and diversity. Theory and research in counseling psychology. Annual Review of Psychology. 44, 343-381.
Hackett, G. & Betz, N.E. (1981). A self-efficacy to the career development of woman. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18, 326-339.
Betz, N.E. & Hackett,. G. (1998). Manual for the Occupational self-efficacy Scale. Available is in www. Google. Corn.
Betz, N.F. & hackett, G. (1983). The relationship of mathematics self-efficacy expectations to the selection of seience-based college majors. Journal of VocationaL Behavior, 23, 329-345.
Hackett, G. Betz, N.E., Casas, J.M. & Rocha-Singh, l.A. (1992). Gender, ethnicity, and social cognitive factors preachicting the academic achievement of students in engineering. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 527-538.
Hackett, G. & Campell, N.K. (1987). Task self-efficacy and task interest as a function of performance on a gender neutral task. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Hackett, 0., & Lent, R.W. (1992). Theoretical advances and current inquiry in counseling psychology. In S.D. Brown & R.W. Lent (eds.). Handbook of counseling psychology (2nd ed., 419.452). New York: Wiley.
Layton, P.L. (1984). Self-efficacy, locus of control, career salience, and women career choice. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Lent, R., Brown, S. & Hackett, 0. (1994). Toward a unified social cognitive theory of career academic interest, choice and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Lent, R.W., Brown, D. & Larkin, K.C. (1984). Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achievement and persistence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, 269. In Betz, N.E & Hackett, 0. (1998). Manual for the occupational self-efficacy scale, Available is in WWW. Google.Com.
Lent, R.W., Brown, D. & Larkin, K.S. (1986). self-efficacy in the prediction of academic success and perceived career option. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 33, 265-269. In Betz, N. E & Hackett, 0. (1998). Manual for the occupational self-efficacy scale, Available is in WWW.Google.Com.
Lent, R.W., & Hackett, 0. (1987). Career self-efficacy. Emprical status and future directions. Journal of Nocational Behavior, 30, 347-382. In Miranda, A. 0., & Umhoefer, D. L. (1998). Acculturation, Language, and demographic variables as predictions of the career self-efficacy. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, Vol. 26, 13-39.
Matsui, T., Ikeda, H., Oshnishi, R. (1989). Relations of sex-typed socializations to career self-efficacy expectation of college studnts. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 1-16.
Mitchell, S.L (1990). The relationship betwen racial identity attitudes, career sif-efficacy, and involvement in campus organizations amoun black college students. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Dpartment of Psychology, The state university.
Multon, K.D., Brown, S.D., & Lent, R.W. (1991). Relation fo self-efficacy belieLs to acadmic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 30-38.
Nazami, E., Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1996). Persion adaptation of the general self-efficacy scale. Available is in www.Goale.com.
Robbins, S.B. (1985). Validity estimates for the Career Decision Making Self-efficacy Scale. Measurment and Evalution in Counseling and Development, 18, 64-71.
Taylor, K.M. & Betz, N.E. (1983). Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career in decision. Journal of Vocational Behavior.
Taylor, K.M., & Popma, J. (1990). An examination of the relationships among career making self-efficacy, career salience, loucs of control, and vocation indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 17-31.
Vasil, I. (1992). Self-efficacy expectations and causal attributions for achievement amonge male and female university faculty. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 41, 259-269.
Williams, T.W. (1993). The relationship between career self-efficacy and degree of feminist orientation unpublished ph. D. disseration. Department of Psychology, The ohio state university, Columbus, oH.
Zilber, S.M. (1988). The efficacy of sex, task performance, and attributional styles on task and career self-efficacy expectations. Unpublished ph.D. dissertation, Department of Psychology, The ohio state university.
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