Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1 Faculty member of Bushehr University
2 Faculty member of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Using an experimental research design, the present study exmined the effectiveness of three kinds of therapy in the management of chronic back- pain among Ahvaz male high school teachers. The sample consisted of 100 patients suffering from chronic backpain. Twenty five subjects were randomly assigned to each one of the following four conditions: Three experimental groups (i.e., cognitive, relaxation and behavioral interventions) and one control group. The three management approaches exercised were stress inoculation (Miechenbaum and Turk, 1976), progressive muscular relaxation (Jacobson, 1962), and stimulus control (Kaunfer, 1980). Improvement in pain beliefs, pain behavior, pain self-efficacy, and depression were all employed as the four major improvement indices of pain management and treatment. The Pain Measures (Zarkowfska, 1988), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Nickolas, 1989), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) and Chronic Pain Test (Asghari Moghaddam, 1995) were used to measure the dependent variables. Results of the preliminary stage indicated that the afore-mentioned pain measures are psychometrically sound, reliable and valid. Data analysis revealed that the treatment methods used are effective in reducing the chronic backpain indices. A one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences among the three treatment conditions; A Tukey test showed that cognitive group and progressive muscular relaxation group were superior to the control group in reducing the pain beliefs and depression. The behavioral group, however, showed no significant difference with the control group. Furthermore, all three experimental conditions were significantly more effective than the control condition in reducing the pain self-efficacy and pain
behavior
Keywords
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