Shima Nematollahi; Fatemeh Borazjan; Gholam Reza Pishdad; Mehrnoosh Zakerkish; Foroogh Namjoyan; Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
Abstract
IntroductionIncreased prevalence of diabetes due to increased unhealthy eating habits, and a sedentary lifestyle increases inflammation and imbalance of glycemic status and consequently decreases the quality of life. MethodA randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 50 patients with ...
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IntroductionIncreased prevalence of diabetes due to increased unhealthy eating habits, and a sedentary lifestyle increases inflammation and imbalance of glycemic status and consequently decreases the quality of life. MethodA randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 50 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants in the intervention group who received 3 capsules of 500 mg (300 mg of berberine + 200 mg of fenugreek seed powder) or a placebo daily for 12 weeks were randomly selected. Results68% of each study group was female. Most dimensions of quality of life were significantly increased in the intervention group and the placebo group at the end of the study was significant in only 3 of the dimensions. The mean physical component summary score (PCS) from baseline to week 12 was significantly approximately similar in the intervention and placebo groups. In contrast, the mean changes within the group's mental component summary score (MCS) at the beginning of the study in the intervention group (P = 0.001) were greater than the placebo group (P = 0.4). While no significant relationship was observed between the two groups at the beginning and end of the intervention. DiscussionThe current study assessed for the first time the combined effect of berberine and fenugreek seed on glycemic indices, inflammatory factors, lipid profiles health-related quality of life in T2DM patients. One of the main reasons for the difference in the results of this study and the lack of significant effect following supplementation with berberine and fenugreek on various factors, unlike the results of previous studies, was related to the dose used. We used the lower dose of these two plants with the aim of better gastrointestinal tolerance, and it seems that this dose does not have a significant effect on some biochemical factors. Diabetes obviously could affect both the health and quality of life of patients. Likewise, type 2 diabetes patients have a lower quality of life than those healthy persons. Accordingly, health-related quality of life would be assessed through several domains including physical and psychological health. In the current study, the SF-12 subscale in the intervention group significantly improved scores for general health (GH), vitality (VT), mental health (MH), physical functioning (PH), Role physical (RP), social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE), physical component summary (PCS) score and also increased the mental component summary (MCS) score. Similarly, in other clinical studies, intervention with herbal medicine, date, and synbiotics augmented the quality of life scores for some of the subscales. The finding of a recent Meta-analysis showed physiological or clinical outcomes, and westernize diet was associated with the QOL of type 2 diabetes patients. The combination of berberine and fenugreek seeds can improve the quality of life in diabetic patients by improving their metabolic status, so it can support the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory role of berberine and fenugreek seeds.
Abdollah Shafiabady; Jafar Hasani.; Mercedeh Yari
Abstract
IntroductionCosmetic surgery is a common phenomenon in recent decades, and the motivation to seek cosmetic surgery is based on a combination of psychological, emotional, and personality factors. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral emotion-oriented behavioral therapy ...
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IntroductionCosmetic surgery is a common phenomenon in recent decades, and the motivation to seek cosmetic surgery is based on a combination of psychological, emotional, and personality factors. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral emotion-oriented behavioral therapy with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on body image and cognitive emotion regulation of adolescent girls. Methods The population of the study consisted of all female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 1398-97. In a quasi-experimental design of this community, two high schools were selected using multi-stage sampling; 45 students were eligible to enter the study (performing preoperative initial procedures). From this community, 30 students were selected based on the cluster sampling method and were randomly matched into two experimental groups and one control group. Research toolsmultidimensional Body – Self Relations Questionnaire: Used. This questionnaire has 46 articles. The validity of the subscales ranging from alpha ranged from 0.83 to 0.92, indicating a high level of internal consistency. A body was obtained which indicates the reliability of a satisfactory test trial on this scale. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: This version includes 9 subscales, representing 9 cognitive emotion regulation strategies that are divided into two categories adaptive and maladaptive; Each of the four items of this questionnaire consists of two items that are graded on a Likert scale from (1) never to (5) always. The total score of each subscale is obtained by adding the score of the items. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha range was 0.76 to 0.96) and retest (with correlation range of 0.51 to 0.77) and validity of the questionnaire through principal component analysis using Varimax rotation correlation between subscales (with correlation range of 32 / 0 to 0.67) and the validity of the desired criterion has been reported. ResultsThe results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapies focused on emotion and mindfulness in improving body image and cognitive emotion regulation. Female adolescents requesting cosmetic surgery were effective (p <0.05). But there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments on the mentioned variables (p> 0.05). ConclusionBased on the findings, it said that the application of both therapeutic approaches is effective in Improving body image and better cognitive emotion regulation as well as treatment.
Nasser Behroozi
Abstract
IntroductionDue to the emergence of Covid 19 disease and according to the stable psychological reactions caused by the outbreak of this virus and the importance of anxiety and fear of this virus on the psychological well-being of students, The study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear ...
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IntroductionDue to the emergence of Covid 19 disease and according to the stable psychological reactions caused by the outbreak of this virus and the importance of anxiety and fear of this virus on the psychological well-being of students, The study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of Covid 19 and psychological well-being by mediating the role of psychological Hardiness and social support in undergraduate students. The virus challenged the quality of life of people around the world and changed interpersonal issues and self-acceptance questions, the meaning of life, and relationships with others. The disease is prevalent in Iran, as in other countries, and has rapidly endangered the physical and mental health of people, as the prevalence of this disease has raised concerns about the possibility of death from viral infections and has led to psychological stress. Research shows that people with coronavirus anxiety suffer from a wide range of psychological problems, and having the infection is a psychological risk factor, to the point that, among people in the United States, China, and more recently India, people suffer from anxiety. The disease led to suicide. Since to reduce the fear of Quid 19, one must first identify the effective factors and identify the share of each of them and use them, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether reducing the fear of Quid 19 increases welfare psychologically affected? Also, can Psychological well-being and social support play a mediating role in these two variables? As a result, the present study was conducted to investigate this model in students.MethodThis study was a descriptive correlational study. The study's statistical population was all undergraduate students studying at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz from 1300 to 1400, from which 360 students were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. In this study, tools of fear of Covid 19, a short psychological well-being questionnaire, psychological hardiness of Ahvaz University, and social support were used to collect data. Findings confirmed the suitability of reliability and validity of the instruments. The direct relationships of the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 software and the indirect and mediated relationships were analyzed using Bootstrap. ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between fear of Covid and psychological Hardiness, social sup, port and psychological well-being (p˂0.01). The results also showed that psychological Hardiness and social support play a mediating role. DiscussionConsidering the inverse relationship between fear of Covid 19 and social support and psychological hardiness, it seems that the existence of supportive measures by family and others during the coronavirus epidemic is necessary. It is also possible to reduce the fear of Covid and increase the psychological well-being of individuals by increasing the characterstic of psychological hardiness. It is suggested that other variables that can be effective as a shield against severe stress should also be considered.
Fatemeh Fooladi; Hossien PourPshahriar; Sara Ebrahimi
Abstract
Introduction Helicopter parenting is a unique form of parenting style that is generally described as highly intensive and highly involved with the children. A particular parenting style influences all phases of the development and lifestyle of adolescents. Helicopter parents overly protect their children ...
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Introduction Helicopter parenting is a unique form of parenting style that is generally described as highly intensive and highly involved with the children. A particular parenting style influences all phases of the development and lifestyle of adolescents. Helicopter parents overly protect their children from difficulties by setting some set of instructions without consideration of the uniqueness of their children. Recent literature has gotten huge attention on this parenting style and debating the pros and cons of the development of the child. Higher life satisfaction and better psychological well-being have been found in children of highly intrusive parents. When there are positive effects of helicopter parenting, there are negative outcomes and impacts that have also been studied. The difficulties in emotional regulation, academic productivity, and social skills among children raised by helicopter parenting have been reported in the literature. Low self-efficacy, lack of trust in peers, and alienation from peers has also been associated with helicopter parenting. So, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric adequacy of the perception of helicopter parenting instruments. MethodThe study population included all adolescent girls in Kerman in 1400. To collect samples, 422 of them in the age group of 18 to 15 years were selected by snowball sampling method. In the present correlation study, Adolescents responded to the 10-item helicopter parenting instrument with Pistella, Izzo, Isolani, Ioverno, and Baiocco (2020) and the 44-item Leung and Shek (2018) over parenting scale. To determine the validity coefficient of the helicopter parenting instrument from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and to check its internal consistency from Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS and Amos 24 was used. Also, to study the validity of the structure of the helicopter parenting instrument, its correlation coefficient with the over-parenting scale was reported. ResultsThe results of principal component analysis (PC) and varimax rotation replicated 2-factor structures: mental engagement & practical engagement in the Iranian samples. Indicators of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the two-factor structure of the instrument has an acceptable fit with the data and the model is approved. Correlational analyses between the perception of the helicopter parenting instrument's factors and with overparenting scale's factors provided initial evidence for the perception of helicopter parenting instrument convergent validity. internal consistency for the perception of helicopter parenting instrument's factors was desirable (a=0.85). ConclusionIn sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the perception of helicopter parenting instrument as an instrument to assess the helicopter parenting instrument among Iranian samples. The application of this tool at the level due to the influence of culture requires standardization at large levels and in different social contexts. Overall, the findings of the present study show that the Persian version of the perception of helicopter parenting instrument as a multidimensional self-report tool in the field of parenting studies, in terms of psychometrics to measure the multiple dimensions of helicopter parenting in Iranian girls’ adolescents, is an accurate and reliable tool. Ease of use, brevity, and evaluation of two important factors of parenting are its strengths
Marzeh Arghavani; Ghasem Ahi; Mohamad hasan Qanifar; Fatemeh Shahabizadeh; Reza Dastgerdi
Abstract
IntroductionThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the teacher-student and teacher-parent relationships on academic outcomes by mediating the role of metacognitive awareness. The interaction of teacher-student relationships and cognitive and metacognitive strategies plays an ...
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IntroductionThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the teacher-student and teacher-parent relationships on academic outcomes by mediating the role of metacognitive awareness. The interaction of teacher-student relationships and cognitive and metacognitive strategies plays an important role in increasing the quality of the educational environment and improving learning and performance of learners. Another factor is the significant effect of teacher-parent relationships and parental involvement on students' learning and developmental and academic processes. Utilizing cognitive and metacognitive strategies is one of the individual characteristics that are strongly affected by the learning and classroom environment and affects a person's performance and academic success, and according to Martin's model of motivation and involvement, it can act as a mediator between teacher-student and teacher-parent relationship along with educational consequences. MethodThe current research was a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all the students of the second secondary level of Birjand city and one of their parents in the academic year in 1398-99. The studied sample included 392 students (254 girls, 138 boys) and one of their parents, who were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling. Data using tools, teacher-student relationship Murray & Zvoch, teacher-parent relationship Vickers & Minke, metacognitive awareness Schraw & Dennison, academic vitality Dehghanizadeh & Chari, perceived learning subscale Alavi, and Marks, planning for graduation subscale of the National Questionnaire of Student Engagement (NSSE), readiness to enter university student subscale Sokol, and happiness subscale and behavior in the classroom of the National Educational Progress Assessment Questionnaire Blazar & Kraft. For collected and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling and path analysis. ResultsThe findings showed that the direct effect of the teacher-student and teacher-parent relationship on metacognitive awareness is positive and significant and on academic consequences is positive and non-significant. Metacognitive awareness directly, positively, and significantly affects on academic consequences. Also, the indirect effect of teacher-student and teacher-parent relationships on academic consequences through metacognitive awareness is positive and significant. The overall effects of the teacher-student and teacher-parent relationship on academic consequences through metacognitive awareness are positive and significant ConclusionThe findings of this study, influenced by the ecological theory and the teacher's interpersonal behavior model along with a metacognitive orientation based on the social constructivist perspective showed that students' academic consequences are affected by both mesosystem and exosystem level variables, also the important role of teacher-student, teacher-parents, and metacognitive awareness as a mediator in these relationships in improving the educational consequences. Based on these findings, teachers and parents are recommended to pay attention to the elements of metacognitive awareness in the development of student's academic skills to help them become metacognitive experts who are aware of their thinking processes and self-regulated learning skills.
Mahboobeh Moosivand; Sajad Azizi; Shapur Fooladvand
Abstract
IntroductionOnline games are one of the types of computer and smart games that have become widespread due to the increasing familiarity of people, especially young people, with the Internet, the increase in Internet speeds, as well as access to smart devices. The high appeal of online games and the prevalence ...
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IntroductionOnline games are one of the types of computer and smart games that have become widespread due to the increasing familiarity of people, especially young people, with the Internet, the increase in Internet speeds, as well as access to smart devices. The high appeal of online games and the prevalence of addiction have brought them to the attention of experts. Cell phones and tablets. Online gaming addiction is considered to be obsessive, extreme, uncontrollable, and physically and psychologically destructive behavior. The present study is an online gaming addiction based on communication skills and feelings of loneliness with a mediating role. Adaptation in adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method The current research design is the modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the present study was all students aged 12 to 18 in Tehran. The method for selecting these subjects was that after receiving the letter of recommendation and after coordinating with the General Directorate of Education of Tehran Province, they went to the Directorate of Education of five and six districts and randomly selected 2 schools from each district. 1st and 2nd graders of high school were selected between the months of November and February 2019 and answered the research online questionnaires, from a total of 700 subjects became 400 people who used the games online using a multi-stage sampling method. They chose the communication skills questionnaire by Crockett, Russell, et al. and answered him. Wang and Chang's Feeling of Loneliness, Wang and Chang's Online Gambling Addiction Quiz, and Sinha and Singh's Compatibility Quiz. ResultThe collected data were analyzed with the correlation coefficient and the structural equation model. Skills and adaptation to online gaming addiction (P≥0.001). Likewise, there is a positive and significant association between loneliness and addiction to online gaming (P≥0.001). In addition, structural equation modeling results showed that 25% of the variance in adaptation is explained by communication skills and loneliness, and 32% of the variance in online gaming addiction is explained by communication skills, loneliness, and adaptation. ConclusionAccording to the results, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce feelings of loneliness and improve the communication skills of family, school, and education officials, so that students are less involved in online games. The correlation coefficient and structural equation model results showed that feeling lonely positively and significantly affects online gambling addiction. o modeledt. In addition, the results showed that loneliness directly negatively impacts online gambling addiction through adaptation. The results of this study confirm the relationship between loneliness and poor communication skills with online gaming addiction.
Astera Moloudi; Hasan Abdollahzadeh
Abstract
IntroductionMiddle age is one of the periods or stages of life that has been less discussed in psychological research. However, middle age is said to be a period of life from the age of 45 to 64. One of the most important issues in the middle age period is the midlife crisis. The midlife crisis is an ...
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IntroductionMiddle age is one of the periods or stages of life that has been less discussed in psychological research. However, middle age is said to be a period of life from the age of 45 to 64. One of the most important issues in the middle age period is the midlife crisis. The midlife crisis is an emotional state of doubt and anxiety in which a person becomes uneasy because the person understands that half of his or her life has passed. This usually includes reflections of the way a person has lived so far, and it is usually accompanied by a feeling that his life has not been adequately organized and has not achieved significant results. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the midlife crisis among a sample of middle-aged people in Tehran. MethodThe present study was conducted to identify the midlife crisis among a sample of middle-years in Tehran. In this research, qualitative methodology and grounded theory method have been conducted to study the midlife crisis. Participants in this study included all middle-aged people in Tehran. In this study, purposeful and theoretical sampling method was used to select participants and data were collected by using semi-structured interviews. Participants included 9 men with jobs such as (a pilot, a teacher, a freelance job, a taxi driver, a clergyman, an unemployed person, 3 employees) and 8 women with jobs such as (a teacher, a doctor, two employees, a housekeeper, a seller, two tailors). Therefore, the sample size was 17 middle-aged people based on theoretical saturation. The duration of each interview was about 30 to 45 minutes. To analyze the research data, Open, axial and selective coding was used. The first step is open coding, which means that a label is given to the interview text. To achieve this, the first interview was conducted and the concepts of the interview was labeled. After labeling or open- coding several interviews, the categories were prepared for axial coding. At this point, almost all the categories were identified. To achieve reliability criteria, three conventional techniques were used: 1- Control or validation by members; participants were asked to evaluate the overall findings and comment on its accuracy 2- Analytical comparison; to compare and evaluate the structure of the theory with the data, the raw data are conducted 3-the use of audit techniques; several experts in this field, supervise the different stages of coding, conceptualization and extraction of categories. ResultsEventually, after three coding stages, 25 main categories in the field of midlife crisis were identified according to the research model. The findings showed that the central orientation of the midlife crisis is the subject-oriented crises which means that middle-aged people may be in crisis according to different subjects. If their lives are not accompanied by achievements, they walk into crisis. At the time of facing crises, Middle-aged people had chosen active strategies. Trying to compensate for failures, feeling responsible regarding to other people, reducing or deepening relationships, trying to maintain physical appearance are among their most important strategies for facing midlife crises. DiscussionThe findings showed that the main issue of the midlife crisis is midlife subject-oriented crises, meaning that middle-aged people may be in crisis due to various problems. If the expectations are not achieved, they will be in crisis. Middle-aged people chose active strategies in the face of crises. Trying to compensate for failures, feeling responsible regarding to other people, reducing or deepening relationships, trying to maintain physical appearance are among their most important strategies for facing midlife crises.
Majid Azizi; Iqbal Zarei
Abstract
IntroductionSuicidal behaviors and self-harmful are one of the phenomena that has created a major challenge for mental health. Self-assessment in adolescents usually expresses high psychological distress. The prevalence of this problem indicates adolescents’ discontent, that has lots of effects ...
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IntroductionSuicidal behaviors and self-harmful are one of the phenomena that has created a major challenge for mental health. Self-assessment in adolescents usually expresses high psychological distress. The prevalence of this problem indicates adolescents’ discontent, that has lots of effects on the other family members and friends. Self-assessment without suicide intention is actually self-employed or any kind of action that harms a person, but in this person, there is no intention to die, and ultimately, suicide behavior is without the intention of suicide, which causes suicide without having a person to finish his life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents to answer the questions of if the dialectical treatment affects the beatings and tolerance of distress. MethodThe present study was a quasi-experiment with pretest post-test with control group and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents referring to Bandar Abbas counseling clinics with a history of self-harmful behaviors. In this study, 30 patients were selected by voluntary and targeted non-targeted sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) experimental group of dialectics treatment in 12 sessions of 2 hours received. The questionnaires used in this study included self-harmful behaviors questionnaire (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009) and distress tolerance questionnaire (Simmons and Gahr, 2005). Data from the research was analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA. ResultsThe results showed that Dialectical behavior therapy based on Dimeff and Linehan (2008) therapy package on the experimental group has been effective in beating and tolerating distress in adolescents, since this treatment has been successful in improving self-harmful behaviors and tolerance of distress. Also, the results showed that dialectical behavioral therapy remained fixed on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents in follow-up stageDiscussionAccording to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that dialectical behavioral therapy can be used as an effective therapeutic treatment for improving the behavior of self-esteem and tolerance in adolescents with a history of self-regulation by educating the skills of excitement, tolerance of distress, conscious mind are being used. Dialectical behavior training can be effective in reducing self-control behaviors. The results of this study with the findings of Chesli et al (2020), Abooutorabi Kashani et al (2020), Saffarinia et al (2015), zamani (2014), ghorbani (2018), Tabatabayi (2021), alavi (2012), Peymannia et al (2019) is a coherent research. Explaining the findings, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes learning resilience against pain in a skillful way, and it can be concluded that disturbed behaviors that are targeted in teaching dialectical behavior therapy skills to endure and survive in crises. And accepting life as it is in the present moment, and these strategies in the form of turning attention (when engaging in self-harming behavior), calming down (in time of distress), improving the moment, and thinking about the benefits and harms of self-injurious behavior.
Farhad Mollaee Amjaz; Ali Farnam
Abstract
IntroductionCapabilities that can be formed from experiences, lessons learned, and training can affect the perception of one's own and others' feelings and relationships in the workplace. These capabilities are known as mindfulness. But these abilities, or mindfulness, can affect the wisdom of individuals, ...
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IntroductionCapabilities that can be formed from experiences, lessons learned, and training can affect the perception of one's own and others' feelings and relationships in the workplace. These capabilities are known as mindfulness. But these abilities, or mindfulness, can affect the wisdom of individuals, which is directly the result of their behavior and actions. Therefore the importance of psychological well-being will lead to more dynamism and activity. Then, it can be said that psychological well-being can affect the wisdom of employees and thus the present study has been conducted to structurally investigate the mediating role of psychological well-being on the relationship between mindfulness and wisdom in health advocates fighting the coronavirus crisis. MethodThe research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population is all health defenders in Bam, Jiroft, and Kerman, and the statistical population includes nurses between 27 and 45 years old with more than 8 years of experience and active in the coronavirus inpatient department. The research sampling method is a census of community members. Data were collected using the Kentucky Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, and the Ardelt Wisdom Scale (D-WS3). The questionnaires were distributed and collected among 130 individuals. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach in Smart PLS software version 3. In this approach, using PLS test, algorithm, and bootstrapping test, by measuring reliability and validity, path coefficient, significance coefficient and t-statistic, the relationships and effects of variables have been determined. ResultsThe internal reliability of the research was assessed using the classical Cronbach's alpha coefficient and two new composite reliability coefficients and the rho-A coefficient. The standard value approved in these coefficients is 0.7. The EVA coefficient was used to measure the convergent validity with a value higher than 0.5 and the Fornell-Larker matrix was used to measure the divergent validity. According to the results, welfare (β = 0.35, P = 0.04) and mindfulness (β= 0.22, P= 0.02) are directly related to wisdom and psychological well-being (β = 0.27, P= 0.04) mediates the relationship between mind. Awareness and wisdom have a direct impact. Thus, the results at the level of t-statistic of 1.96, and significance (P≤0.05), confirmed the relationships of the hypotheses. DiscussionFinally, strengthening the minds of health advocates by using psychological well-being improves their wisdom; Therefore, due to the prevalence of mental disorders during the epidemic of emerging diseases without definitive treatment such as Covid-19, psychological interventions such as mindfulness program training cause conscious behaviors and wise responses of health defenders to such a challenge.
Neda Sayfipour Omshi; Abbas Abolghasemi
Abstract
IntroductionIn recent years, people around the world have been exposed to the Coronavirus and its aftermath. It seems that paying attention to Corona is important from a psychological point of view, despite quarantine and social distance, observing double hygiene, using masks and health advice, and changing ...
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IntroductionIn recent years, people around the world have been exposed to the Coronavirus and its aftermath. It seems that paying attention to Corona is important from a psychological point of view, despite quarantine and social distance, observing double hygiene, using masks and health advice, and changing people's lifestyles in general. More than two years after the outbreak of the Coronavirus and the infection and death of many people around the world as a result of the virus, a wave of psychological pressure has swept through communities. Corona anxiety seems to be one of the most common problems and challenges in societies after the occurrence and spread of corona. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and distress tolerance in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety. MethodThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The statistical population consists of adults aged 20 to 45 years who answered the questionnaires electronically in cyberspace (by sharing the questionnaire link in WhatsApp and Telegram groups). From these individuals, 291 samples were selected using the existing method for the structural model. The time of the research was September 2021. Instruments were Snyder's 12-item life expectancy questionnaire, the 18-item Corona Anxiety Scale, the 15-item Simmons and Gahr Distress Scale, and the 17-item Scherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson torque correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling technique with SPSS version 24 and AMOS software. Bootstrap analysis based on Macro Preacher and Hayes (2008) was also used to test the significance of indirect paths. ResultsThe results showed that the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety in individuals was significant. Mediator analyzes showed that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety. While the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between life expectancy and corona anxiety was not significant in individuals and this means that distress tolerance does not mediating role in the relationship between these two variables and distress tolerance cannot change the relationship between corona anxiety and life expectancy. ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, it seems that self-efficacy can reduce corona anxiety by affecting life expectancy because this study showed that although increasing corona anxiety does not change life expectancy; however, life expectancy improves with increased self-efficacy despite increased corona anxiety. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that distress tolerance does not play a role in corona anxiety and life expectancy, which means that increasing or decreasing distress tolerance does not change the relationship between corona anxiety and life expectancy.
shahrzad Baratpour; Farrah Naderi
Abstract
IntroductionAttachment to God is defined as a person's relationship and emotional orientation to God. Various factors are related to people's attachment to God, it seems that one of these factors is spiritual intelligence, which includes guidance and inner knowledge, maintaining intellectual balance, ...
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IntroductionAttachment to God is defined as a person's relationship and emotional orientation to God. Various factors are related to people's attachment to God, it seems that one of these factors is spiritual intelligence, which includes guidance and inner knowledge, maintaining intellectual balance, inner and outer peace, and acting with insight, gentleness, and kindness, it is included. Spiritual intelligence was first proposed by Zohar and Marshal (2001). Considering the importance and basic role of students in maintaining the psycho-social balance of society and considering the various personal and professional problems and issues that students face, it is felt necessary to plan to solve the problems they face. In the current research, we were able to use the person's image of God as a mediating variable to see how this variable affects students' attachment to God by influencing spiritual intelligence and moral intelligence. Therefore, based on what has been said, the originality of the research has been suggested and it can be said that the purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of a person's image of God in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and moral intelligence with attachment to God in the students MethodTo achieve the goals of the research, the correlation method was used, and to check the hypotheses of the research, the modeling method of the path analysis type was used. The statistical population was formed by all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz branch in the academic year 2018-2019, and 200 questionnaires were provided to the subjects by the available sampling method. Finally, 168 questionnaires from eligible people were analyzed. In this study, the mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects were 29.11 and 5.87, respectively. The research tools were questionnaires on attachment to God (Beck & McDonald, 2006), spiritual intelligence (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2008), moral intelligence (Lennick & Kiel, 2005), and a person's image of God (Klein, 1993). The evaluation of the proposed model was done using the path analysis method. ResultsResults showed that the proposed model fit the data properly. The results also showed that all direct paths except the path of moral intelligence to the attachment to God were significant. Indirect paths also were significant through one's image of God as an attachment to God. DiscussionThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of one's image of God in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and moral intelligence with attachment to God in students. The findings of the research showed that there is a direct and positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and attachment to God, and this hypothesis was confirmed. This means that the higher the level of spiritual intelligence, the greater the attachment to God. Also, the results showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and a person's image of God, and this hypothesis was confirmed by the study of Anisi (2013) and Chabokinezhad and Hoseinian (2011) are consistent. Another finding of the research showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between moral intelligence and a person's image of God, and this hypothesis was confirmed. The sense by increasing the moral intelligence of students, it can be expected that the individual's image of God will increase. Another finding of the research also showed that there is a positive relationship between a person's image of God and attachment to God, and this hypothesis was confirmed. This means that by increasing the image of God among the students, it can be expected that their attachment to God will increase.
Shahab Maleki; Tayebeh sharifi; Ahmad Ghzanfari; Reza Ahmadi
Abstract
IntroductionThe advancement of science and the expansion of the range of different sciences make the necessity of obtaining more and more lasting information in a shorter time inevitable. Therefore, one of the tasks of education specialists is to identify appropriate methods for faster and better learning ...
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IntroductionThe advancement of science and the expansion of the range of different sciences make the necessity of obtaining more and more lasting information in a shorter time inevitable. Therefore, one of the tasks of education specialists is to identify appropriate methods for faster and better learning of students and optimal use of learners' limited teaching time. Education specialists also have to identify the factors influencing students' academic success. Naturally, the role of parents in this field is very influential and important. The more capable parents are in communicating with each other and their children, the better they will be able to identify and resolve issues and problems in their children's education. MethodThe research method was quasi-experimental: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all parents of male first-year high school students in Farsan who were available by sampling method (20 people in the group of positive parenting education, 20 people in the group of effective communication skills with spouse, 20 people in the control group) were chosen The two experimental groups were presented with positive parenting training and effective communication skills training in 8 sessions. Measurement tools included the Solomon and Roth Bloom (1984) Academic Procrastination Questionnaire and the Harter (1981) Academic Motivation Questionnaire. To analyze the data, statistical methods of repeated measures analysis of variance were used. ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of positive parenting group training and effective communication skills with spouse on the average grades of academic procrastination and academic self-efficacy of male students in two stages of post-test and follow-up test. Therefore, it can be said that the effect of positive parenting group training and effective communication skills with the spouse on academic procrastination and students' academic motivation was the same and there was no statistically significant difference between the two educational methods. Content that uses positive parenting education and effective communication skills with the spouse is used by the researcher due to many similarities such as effective verbal and non-verbal communication, positive relationships with spouse and children, love, empathy, and empathy between family members. Family ties should be abolished, and children should be more motivated to study. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two educational methods. ConclusionThe advancement of science and the expansion of the range of different sciences make the necessity of obtaining more and more lasting information in a shorter time inevitable. Therefore, one of the tasks of education specialists is to identify appropriate methods for faster and better learning of students and optimal use of learners' limited teaching time. Education specialists also have to identify the factors influencing students' academic success.
Fazlollah Mir Drikvand
Abstract
IntroductionIn recent decades, one of the topics related to child psychopathology has been the issue of violence against children. Child abuse and or child maltreatment includes all forms of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse (psychologic abuse), and neglect or commercial exploitation of the ...
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IntroductionIn recent decades, one of the topics related to child psychopathology has been the issue of violence against children. Child abuse and or child maltreatment includes all forms of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse (psychologic abuse), and neglect or commercial exploitation of the child, especially by the child's parents or carers which result in actual or potential harm to the health, survival, development or dignity of the child. Therefore, this study was conducted on structural equation modeling (SEM) for predicting behavioral-emotional disorders in children victims of domestic violence based on cognitive flexibility and adverse childhood experiences of parents and with the mediating role of children's self-concept. MethodThis study was a descriptive-correlational study with a path analysis method. 300 children victims of domestic violence referred to the Shahid and Isargar counseling clinic in Khorramabad were selected by available sampling method and completed the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire of Dennis and Ventral (2010), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) of Bernstein et al. (2003), Child Symptoms Questionnaire of Gado and Sprafkin (1999-1994) and the Self-concept Questionnaire of Pierce-Harris (1969). Smart-PLS version 3 software was used for structural equation modeling (SEM) based on variance using the path analysis method and partial least squares. ResultsThe results of structural equation modeling (SEM), showed that 81.1% of the variance changes of behavioral and emotional disorders in children can be predicted by research variables. The results of path analysis showed that adverse childhood experiences of parents are inversely related to parents' cognitive flexibility and have a significant direct relationship with behavioral and emotional problems of children. Also, the results indicate the indirect effect of adverse childhood experiences and cognitive flexibility of parent's on children's behavioral and emotional disorders with the mediating role of children's self-concept, and it was a direct effect of personal self-concept on children's behavioral and emotional disorders. Assessing the quality of the structural model in this study concerning RMSE, SRMR, d-ULS, chi-square, and NFI showed that the proposed model of the present study has a good fit and acceptable desirability. DiscussionThese results highlighted the importance of the cognitive flexibility and adverse childhood experiences of parents on behavioral and emotional disorders of children victims of domestic violence and the protective role of personal self-concept against the adverse effects of traumatic developmental experiences for mental health professionals especially family and community psychologists and social workers who work with the abuser's families and victims of domestic violence.
Amin Azizi; Abdolhassan Farhangi; Reza Hosseinpour
Abstract
Introduction
In any society, students are considered human assets. In addition, the second period of secondary school is one of the most important periods of education, in which students face special biological, social, and psychological conditions, and many mental and physical pressures and adaptation ...
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Introduction
In any society, students are considered human assets. In addition, the second period of secondary school is one of the most important periods of education, in which students face special biological, social, and psychological conditions, and many mental and physical pressures and adaptation problems are a special feature of this period. Target this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy (MBSR) on academic belief, emotional regulation, and academic adjustment in male high school students in Ilam.
Method
The current research is a type of clinical trial and experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research includes all male students of the second secondary level of Ilam city in the academic year of 2019. that by one-stage cluster random sampling method, three high schools were randomly selected from among all boys' high schools in Ilam city, then 45 students were selected as sample members from among the students studying in these high schools and were completely randomly selected in three Acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT), mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy (MBSR) and control group were divided. Each group had 15 members. First, a pre-test was taken from all three groups, then for the experimental groups, related training programs were implemented in groups and 1 session per week. While the control group did not receive any training, a post-test was taken from all three groups after the completion of the training sessions. It should be explained that due to the spread of the coronavirus and absenteeism in schools, all educational sessions were conducted in virtual space and the tests were designed electronically and made available to the participants. Research instruments include Walland et al. (1992) Academic Belief Questionnaire, Gross and John's Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (2003), Jerusalem Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1986), Clark Academic Adjustment Scale (1976), and Hayes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The mindset was the stress reduction (MBSR) of Kabbalah. The research data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software at the descriptive level by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation indices and at the inferential level by multivariate analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni test.
Results
Results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in terms of dependent variables (academic belief, emotional regula, tion and academic adjustment) (P <0.001). There is also a significant difference between acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in terms of effectiveness on emotional regulation (P <0.001).
Discussion
According to the results of this study, both acceptance and commitment-based therapies and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapies increase academic confidence, cognitive reassessment, and academic adjustment, as well as reduce emotional inhibition in students. Acceptance and commitment- based therapy also increase cognitive reassessment and reduce emotional inhibition more than mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy.
Sahar Pasyar; Hossein Baghooli; Majid Barzegar; Nadereh Sohrabi
Abstract
IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in women with many physical and psychological complications. The increasing growth of cancer in the last few decades and its harmful effects on all dimensions of the patient's life (physical, emotional, spiritual, ...
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IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in women with many physical and psychological complications. The increasing growth of cancer in the last few decades and its harmful effects on all dimensions of the patient's life (physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and economic) have caused attention of specialists to be more focused on this disease. Among the different types of cancer that women suffer from, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and the stress reduction program based on mindfulness on the attitude of work, health anxiety, psychological well-being, and body image in women with breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy in Shiraz city who visited Amir Hospital in 2022. MethodThe subjects included a sample of 45 people who were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group (three groups of 15 people) who had the criteria for entering the research, age, education, and mastectomy surgery, and the data were collected in two stages: pre-test, post-test with the control group and follow-up. And it was recorded that the research data were used using the multivariate covariance method and post hoc tests of Sheffe and Benferoni to test the hypotheses and the data were analyzed using spss (18) software. The research tools included Weissman &, Beck's inefficient Attitudes Questionnaire (1978) attitude questionnaire, Rief's psychological well-being (1989), Salkoskis and Warwick's (2000) health anxiety questionnaire, and Kesh's body image, Mykola Braun (1990). ResultsThe results of this research showed that the therapy based on acceptance and commitment is more effective than the stress reduction program based on mindfulness because the underlying principles of the therapy based on acceptance and commitment are aimed at increasing psychological flexibility. The pairwise comparison made regarding the well-being variable in Table (4-6) shows that both treatments (ACT and MBSR) have a statistically significant effect on this variable (P<0.05). The results showed that the treatment of acceptance and commitment was more effective. Regarding the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment in comparison with the stress reduction program based on mindfulness in the attitude of work, health anxiety, psychological well-being, and body image in women with cancer. The mastectomy breast of Shiraz can be because the underlying principles of treatment are based on acceptance and commitment to increasing psychological flexibility. DiscussionAcceptance and Commitment Therapy focuses on reducing experiential avoidance and cognitive entanglement with dysfunctional rules until it reconnects with meaningful values. Mediation analysis of the believability of negative thoughts has been identified as a partially mediating factor in the ability to predict awareness attention, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion in psychological distress. With stronger negative thoughts, believability was positively associated with higher levels of psychological distress.
Golbarg Zandi Goharrizi; Reza Ghorban Jahromi; somaye robatmili; Mahdi Zare Bahramabadi
Abstract
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with chronic pain. Pain is classified not only as a perception but also as a ...
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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion in patients with chronic pain. Pain is classified not only as a perception but also as a mood and therefore separate from the five senses. Pain is a difficult subject conceptually, and its description and classification have always been difficult so it can be said that the only clear aspect of pain is that it shows the patient's state of mental suffering. The results of some studies have also shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the difficulty of emotion regulation with pain intensity. In addition, disturbance in emotion regulation, which can be caused by the experiences of the first years of childhood, is also effective in predicting psychosomatic and psychological disorders and pain intensity. In general, according to what was mentioned, it seems that without considering psychological factors, it is not possible to improve or reduce the severity of pain, maintain quality of life, and adapt to chronic pain. Mediated by early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation. MethodThe research method is descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. The population of this study was patients with chronic pain referred to the pain clinic of Erfan Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020 where 300 people with chronic pain were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data from the Westhawn-Yale Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire (WHI-MPI; Kerns et al., 1985), Adult Attachment Styles Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005), Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF; Young, 1999). And the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS; Gertz and Roemer, 2004). Data usage and analysis have been performed using structural equation methods. ResultsThe sample of the present study included 300 patients with chronic pain. The average age of study participants (300 people) was reported to be approximately 40 years. The youngest was 20 years old and the oldest was 66 years old. Also, out of 300 people in the sample group, 83.7% (251 people) in the sample group are women and 16.3% (49 people) are men. The results showed that secure attachment style and anxiety through the mediating variables of hoarseness and inhibition, other orientation, and difficulty in emotion regulation, have a significant indirect effect on pain intensity in people with chronic pain. DiscussionThis means that early maladaptive schemas in the field of listening and restraint, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity. Therefore, by considering the schemas of the field of distraction and inhibition, other orientations and difficulty in regulating emotion can play an effective role in the severity of pain in people with chronic pain. Based on the results, it was found that attachment styles have an indirect effect on pain intensity in patients with chronic pain, with difficult mediation in emotional regulation. Therefore, the results of the study showed that safe attachment style and anxiety through a difficult mediating variable in emotion regulation, has a significant indirect effect on pain intensity.
Maryam Khademi
Abstract
The present study is a review that examines the fear of success and the causes and factors affecting this phenomenon, especially in women. Because women make up half of the world's population, addressing their role in society's development process is crucial. A look at the history of the status of women ...
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The present study is a review that examines the fear of success and the causes and factors affecting this phenomenon, especially in women. Because women make up half of the world's population, addressing their role in society's development process is crucial. A look at the history of the status of women shows that men and women play different roles in society and social groups and occupy different positions in terms of power and status. Not only because of biological differences but also under the influence of ideology, historical, economic, and cultural past, in which they operate so strongly and harmoniously that can easily produce and reproduce the inferior position of women. Theory and research on the psychological construct of “fear of success” are reviewed in the context of Horner's original (1968) formulation of the motive. It is identified as an internal psychological representative of the dominant societal stereotype which views competence, independence, competition, and intellectual achievement as qualities inconsistent with femininity even though positively related to masculinity and mental health.The fear of failure is intuitively understandable. In societies obsessed with success, failure is regarded as a catastrophe, and to some extent, we all fear it. Ironically, however, we’re also driven by the fear of success, a much more mysterious force. Among the reasons for progress failure, fear of success plays a significant role that should not be ignored. Fear of success has been argued as a powerful phenomenon, especially among women. Matina Horner (1972) considered that fear of success is more specific to women, being originated in their’ perceptions of negative consequences for their achievement in traditionally male domains. It means that the expectancy that success in achievement-related situations will be followed by negative consequences arouses fear of success in otherwise achievement-motivated women which then inhibits their performance and levels of aspiration. Females also predict lower grades for themselves and predict poorer performance on novel experimental tasks even when they have already outperformed males in that area. An explanation for this gender difference lies in the different attributions males and females make about failure. Moreover, women are conflicted when they have competencies and interests that could be against their stereotypical internalized gender role. Based on the collected findings of the studies assessing the “fear of success,” it is worth mentioning that the fear of success can comprise a fear of our greatness, evasion of our destiny, or a way of avoiding exercising our full talents. Thus the present study first examines the concept of fear of success and its causes and then deals with cultural, social, and gender issues affecting this phenomenon.
mojtaba aghili; narges khatoon arbabi
Abstract
Introduction
Domestic violence is a serious issue that can occur in any intimate or family relationship. The most common type of domestic violence is spousal abuse or husband violence against women. Spousal abuse can take many forms such as physical, sexual, emotional, or financial violence, and it ...
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Introduction
Domestic violence is a serious issue that can occur in any intimate or family relationship. The most common type of domestic violence is spousal abuse or husband violence against women. Spousal abuse can take many forms such as physical, sexual, emotional, or financial violence, and it can occur at any time and in any place. Based on various studies on the effectiveness of mindfulness and acceptance and commitment-based therapies in reducing depressive symptoms and chronic pain, the question arises as to which of the two methods is more effective, and whether the combination of these two treatments could be more effective. However, it is not yet clear whether one therapy is more effective than the other, or whether a combination of both therapies is more effective in reducing depression and chronic pain in abused women.
Method
A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group was used in this study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women who were abused by their spouse and had a file in the Welfare Office. One group received acceptance and commitment-based therapy, another received mindfulness-based therapy, and the third group was the control group. All three groups completed pre-tests and post-tests using the Depression Inventory and the Chronic Pain Questionnaire, with the experimental groups receiving 8 sessions of 60 minutes each. The inclusion criteria included married women aged between 25 and 35 years, with a minimum diploma education, a score higher than the cut line (18) in the depression list, and victims of physical violence by their spouse at medical diagnosis. The exclusion criteria included reluctance to participate in the investigation and absence for more than two sessions. The research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and comparison of means using SPSS software version 24.
Results
The results showed that both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced depression and chronic pain in abused women (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two intervention methods in reducing depression and chronic pain.
Conclusion
The findings of the study suggest that acceptance-based therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective in reducing depression and chronic pain in women who have experienced spousal abuse. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapies in reducing depression and chronic pain. The study highlights the importance of providing access to effective therapies for women who have experienced spousal abuse.
alireza sharifi ardani; farhad khormaei; Mahboobeh Fouladchang; Masoud Fazilatpoor
Abstract
Introduction
One of the most important tasks of the family is to socialize children, and the family provides the first social context for children. Parents can socialize their children emotionally by recognizing children's emotions, discussing the importance of emotions, modeling emotional behaviors, ...
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Introduction
One of the most important tasks of the family is to socialize children, and the family provides the first social context for children. Parents can socialize their children emotionally by recognizing children's emotions, discussing the importance of emotions, modeling emotional behaviors, and Help to regulate the emotional atmosphere of the family. Therefore the aim of this study was to causal explaining the social skills of children based on the moral characters of parents with respect to the mediating role of coping styles with children's negative emotions.
Method
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. In the present study, the structural equation modeling method was used. In this study, the variables of parents coping styles with children's negative emotions, parents' moral backgrounds and children's social skills were measured as latent variables. Population included all parents of 84314 elementary school students in Yazd who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. In the present study, according to both statistical criteria of sample size and criteria of multivariate analysis, the number of 400 participants, including parents of elementary school students, were selected by cluster (multistage) random sampling method. In the present study Social skills questionnaire, parent’s coping with children’s negative emotions scale (CCNES) and moral characters questionnaire were used to collect data and were distributed among all study participants, of which 381 completed the questionnaires. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data by structural equation modeling with the partial least squares.
Results
Findings showed that the measurement model after correction has acceptable validity and reliability. Results of structural equations showed that the direct path of supportive coping styles with children's negative emotions to social skills is significant. The direct path of non supportive styles of dealing with emotion to social skills is significant; The direct path of moral character to social skills is significant; The direct path of moral character to the suportive parent’s coping with children’s non supportive emotions is not significant and the direct path moral character with non supportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions are significant Indication of the indirect path of moral character to social skills is not significant due to the mediating role of suportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions and Indirect path of moral origins to social skills are significant due to the mediating role of non supportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions . It showed that moral character, both directly and in a process by reducing the non supportive parent’s coping styles with children’s negative emotions can lead to the social skills in children.
Conclusion
Finding of this study suggests that positive moral character (affirmation of altruistic values and rejection of selfish values) can play a significant role in explaining how parents deal with their children's emotions and in some way affect their children's emotional socialization. Thus, the moral character of parents play a significant role in explaining the emotional socialization and social skills of children.
zeynab khanjani; touraj hashemi; narges rahmatabadi
Abstract
Introduction
Obsession is a chronic anxiety disorder that is associated with excessive mental preoccupation with order and detail, as well as perfectionism, to the extent that it leads to the loss of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, which, despite the high prevalence, is one of the most resistant ...
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Introduction
Obsession is a chronic anxiety disorder that is associated with excessive mental preoccupation with order and detail, as well as perfectionism, to the extent that it leads to the loss of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, which, despite the high prevalence, is one of the most resistant disorders to treatment.Obsessive-compulsive disorder sufferers experience a range of emotional reactions when faced with situations that trigger obsessive thoughts and actions. There are individual differences related to the sensitivity to these emotions and the way they are regulated, which is called emotional regulation (Hoffman, Carpenter, & Joshua, 2016). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the structural relationships between borderline personality disorder symptoms and attachment styles with obsessive symptoms through emotion regulation.
Method
Research design the present is a descriptive correlation (Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and its sampling method is cluster random, so that 5 faculties of Tabriz University were randomly selected and 200 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the faculties. In order to measure the signs of obsession from the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCI-R) list, borderline personality traits from the Borderline Personality Disorder (STB) questionnaire, and attachment styles from the Hazen and shaver and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire from Gross and John (2003) The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling
Results
The obtained data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results showed that the effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of 0.35. The effect of borderline personality disorder on reappraisal is significant with an effect size of -0.52, and the effect of borderline personality disorder on repression is significant with an effect size of 0.38. The effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms due to reappraisal is significant with an effect size of -0.36, and the effect of borderline personality disorder on obsessive symptoms due to suppression is significant with an effect size of 0.16. The effect of secure attachment on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of -0.39. The effect of secure attachment on reappraisal and suppression is significant with an effect size of -0.31. The effect of avoidant attachment on obsessive symptoms is significant with an effect size of 0.27, on reappraisal with an effect size of -0.32, and on suppression with an effect size of 0.31. The effect of avoidant attachment on obsessive symptoms is not significant due to reappraisal with an effect size of -0.07 and suppression with an effect size of 0.06. The effect of ambivalent attachment is significant on obsessive symptoms with an effect size of 0.30, on reappraisal with an effect size of -0.29, and on suppression with an effect size of 0.50. The effect of ambivalent attachment on obsessive symptoms due to reappraisal is not significant with an effect size of -0.09, and the effect of ambivalent attachment on obsessive symptoms due to suppression is significant with an effect size of 0.15.
Discussion
Therefore, it can be concluded that the findings of this research can have important practical effects for clinical therapists and psychologists to pay attention to the structural relationships of borderline personality disorder symptoms and attachment styles with obsessive symptoms through emotional regulation.
