Fatemeh Fooladi; Hossien PourPshahriar; Sara Ebrahimi
Abstract
Introduction Helicopter parenting is a unique form of parenting style that is generally described as highly intensive and highly involved with the children. A particular parenting style influences all phases of the development and lifestyle of adolescents. Helicopter parents overly protect their children ...
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Introduction Helicopter parenting is a unique form of parenting style that is generally described as highly intensive and highly involved with the children. A particular parenting style influences all phases of the development and lifestyle of adolescents. Helicopter parents overly protect their children from difficulties by setting some set of instructions without consideration of the uniqueness of their children. Recent literature has gotten huge attention on this parenting style and debating the pros and cons of the development of the child. Higher life satisfaction and better psychological well-being have been found in children of highly intrusive parents. When there are positive effects of helicopter parenting, there are negative outcomes and impacts that have also been studied. The difficulties in emotional regulation, academic productivity, and social skills among children raised by helicopter parenting have been reported in the literature. Low self-efficacy, lack of trust in peers, and alienation from peers has also been associated with helicopter parenting. So, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric adequacy of the perception of helicopter parenting instruments. MethodThe study population included all adolescent girls in Kerman in 1400. To collect samples, 422 of them in the age group of 18 to 15 years were selected by snowball sampling method. In the present correlation study, Adolescents responded to the 10-item helicopter parenting instrument with Pistella, Izzo, Isolani, Ioverno, and Baiocco (2020) and the 44-item Leung and Shek (2018) over parenting scale. To determine the validity coefficient of the helicopter parenting instrument from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and to check its internal consistency from Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS and Amos 24 was used. Also, to study the validity of the structure of the helicopter parenting instrument, its correlation coefficient with the over-parenting scale was reported. ResultsThe results of principal component analysis (PC) and varimax rotation replicated 2-factor structures: mental engagement & practical engagement in the Iranian samples. Indicators of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the two-factor structure of the instrument has an acceptable fit with the data and the model is approved. Correlational analyses between the perception of the helicopter parenting instrument's factors and with overparenting scale's factors provided initial evidence for the perception of helicopter parenting instrument convergent validity. internal consistency for the perception of helicopter parenting instrument's factors was desirable (a=0.85). ConclusionIn sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the perception of helicopter parenting instrument as an instrument to assess the helicopter parenting instrument among Iranian samples. The application of this tool at the level due to the influence of culture requires standardization at large levels and in different social contexts. Overall, the findings of the present study show that the Persian version of the perception of helicopter parenting instrument as a multidimensional self-report tool in the field of parenting studies, in terms of psychometrics to measure the multiple dimensions of helicopter parenting in Iranian girls’ adolescents, is an accurate and reliable tool. Ease of use, brevity, and evaluation of two important factors of parenting are its strengths
Ali Sepahvand; Monirpour Nader; Majid Zargham Hajebi
Abstract
Introduction
In the last two decades, the academic conflict has attracted the attention of researchers and educators because of its comprehensiveness in describing students 'motivation and learning, as well as a strong predictor of students' performance, progress, and success in school. There are many ...
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Introduction
In the last two decades, the academic conflict has attracted the attention of researchers and educators because of its comprehensiveness in describing students 'motivation and learning, as well as a strong predictor of students' performance, progress, and success in school. There are many different definitions of academic conflict, with some researchers considering conflict as a process while others have conceptualized it as an outcome. The framework of student achievement blueprints includes several identified personality and psychological elements that potentially influence student achievement; In this regard, we can refer to psychological capital and self-determination. The aim of the present study was a model of academic engagement based on psychological capital mediated by self-determination.
Method
This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of the descriptive method. The study population consists of all twelfth-grade female students in Tehran province in the academic year 2009-2010. The sample consisted of 305 twelfth-grade female students in Robat Karim and Parand who were selected by multi-stage sampling. Students answered the questionnaires on academic engagement (Rio, 2013), psychological capital (Lutans et al., 2007), and self-determination (Ryan and Desi, 2000). After collecting the data, they were analyzed using Spss-24 and Amos-21 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations.
Results
The assumed model was fitting in the research community. The results of the analysis showed that the mediating role of self-determination in the relationship between psychological capital and academic conflict is positive and significant and the proposed model explains 33% of the variance of students' academic conflict. The research findings showed that psychological capital and self-determination, directly and indirectly, predict 33% of the variance of academic engagement. Therefore, it can be concluded that psychological capital and academic engagement have a mutual effect, and in other words, a causality and circular relationship can be considered between psychological capital and academic engagement.
Conclusion
Based on the research findings, it was found that the effect of psychological capital is more indirect and self-determining than direct. As a result, students' self-determination and academic engagement increase with increasing psychological capital. Psychological capital facilitates the processes of being required to pay attention, interpret, and maintain positive and constructive emotions in interaction and participation with educational environments due to positive cognitive evaluation of events, which can lead to more involvement with materials. The lesson is to act at the optimal level and increase performance. In fact, people with higher self-efficacy use study and learning strategies more effectively to achieve the desired result, these people use cognitive and metacognitive strategies more, and in educational activities with planning Purposeful and comprehensive effort, overcome academic problems and challenges.
N. Mikaeili Barzili; B. Ahadi; H. HasanAbadi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , December 2011, , Pages 61-86
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic therapy in comparison to cognitive-behavior therapy in decreasing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. For this purpose, from those who had referred to the psychiatric and psychological clinic in Mashhad, 45 ...
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The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic therapy in comparison to cognitive-behavior therapy in decreasing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. For this purpose, from those who had referred to the psychiatric and psychological clinic in Mashhad, 45 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder were selected randomly. The subjects were assigned into three groups, Islamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and control. For pretest and posttest the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used. The treatment sessions were held once a week. For eight sessions (I hour per session). ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The results showed that both methods used (Islamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy) were equally effective in decreasing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and no significant difference was found between them.
A. Talebpour; A. Nassi; M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; M. Shehni Yailagh; S. Bassaknejad
Volume 20, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 61-78
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of group parent-child- interaction therapy with mother – alone and mother-child particpants, in reducing symptoms of separation anxiety disorder. The statistical population was male students from 7 to 9 year-old with separation anxiety disorder studing in primary ...
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This study evaluated the efficacy of group parent-child- interaction therapy with mother – alone and mother-child particpants, in reducing symptoms of separation anxiety disorder. The statistical population was male students from 7 to 9 year-old with separation anxiety disorder studing in primary schools of Isfahan. They were diagnosed as having separation anxiety disorder at the epidemiological study stage. Therefore, among all of them 45 cases were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups (two experimental and one control group). The experimental method with pretest-posttest and followed up with a control group design was used. Espada et al Separation Anxiety Inventory and clinical interview for assessment of children were used. Experimental groups (including mothers with their children's and mothers alone) were treated in 10 sessions based on parent-child interaction therapy. After the intervention, separation anxiety was measured in three groups (experimental and control group). After 8 weeks, the follow-up tests were administered. The Results of covariance analysis and follow up Bonferni test indicates a significant difference was between separation anxiety in experimental groups and control group. The effect of treatment was maintaines 8 weeks later.
Gh. Rajabi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , December 2010, , Pages 63-80
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of theEarly/Late Preference Scales.200 personnel selected using simple random method (92 male, and 108 female) completedthe Early/Late Preference Scale, and Morningness-Eveningness Question-naire. To assess the reliability of measure, α ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of theEarly/Late Preference Scales.200 personnel selected using simple random method (92 male, and 108 female) completedthe Early/Late Preference Scale, and Morningness-Eveningness Question-naire. To assess the reliability of measure, α coefficient, and to examine the validity of this measure, exploratory factor analysis (Varimax rotation), and confirmatory factor analysis were administered.Principle components analysis (Varimax rotation) on the Early/Late Preferences Scale revealed three factors: General activity, Morningness, and eveningness accounted for 48.83% of the variance. The greater portion of this variance (24.48%) was accounted for by the first factor. Also, confirmatory factor analysis showed preference for determined the three-factor model by one modification over the one-factor model by two modifications. Cronbach's α coefficient (internal consistency) was acceptable for the whole scale and in extracted factors. Correlation coefficient between each item of the scale with the total score of the items ranged between 0.41 to 0.64 and all were statistically significant (p≤0.001). Concurrent validity coefficient between this scale and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (M-EQ) was -0.40. These results support the use of the PS as a brief instrument for assessing the hierarchical structure of Early/Late Preference Scale in a variety of participants.
S. A. Marashi; A. Naami; K. Beshlideh; Y. Zargar; B. Ghobari Bonab
Volume 19, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 63-80
Abstract
This research investigated the impact of spiritual intelligence training on psychological well-being dimensions, existential anxiety, and spiritual quotient (SQ). The study was a field experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The participants were 112 undergraduate male and female ...
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This research investigated the impact of spiritual intelligence training on psychological well-being dimensions, existential anxiety, and spiritual quotient (SQ). The study was a field experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The participants were 112 undergraduate male and female students of Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum who were selected randomly and were divided randomly into experimental and control groups (48 experimental and 46 control cases) Instruments included King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI-24), Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scales, with six dimensions, and Good’s Existential Anxiety Scale. After examining experimental and control groups via pretest, spiritual intelligence was taught to experimental group based on 7 steps of Bowell’s SQ-training package in 15 sessions (60 minutes each). Then posttest was taken from both groups. Multivariate and univariate analysis of variances revealed that spiritual intelligence training significantly increased the six dimensions of psychological well-being, including Self-Acceptance, Purpose in Life, Personal Growth, Environmental Mastery, Autonomy, and Positive Relationships, of the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Also, the training appeared to increase spiritual intelligence, and decrease existential anxiety of the experimental group significantly.
M. Ghazaei; N. Hamid; M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand
Volume 19, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 63-80
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The research method was semi-experimental design with pre-post test, follow up and control group. The original sample ...
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The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The research method was semi-experimental design with pre-post test, follow up and control group. The original sample consisted of 800 students who were selected by random cluster sampling. Then, based on clinical interview and acquiring above the cut-of-point in Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS) 30 students were randomly selected. Also, they were randomly divided into two groups, as experimental and control. The instruments were Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS) and Barkley structured interview. The experimental group were administered 13 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive–behavioural therapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The results revealed that there was significant difference between two groups (p<0.05). The rate of ADHD and its symptoms in experimental group, in comparison control group decreased. These results persisted significantly after follow-up period.
Abstract
Female-headed households, due to many difficulties and diverse roles, are one of the vulnerable groups in society and at risk for mental disorders, such as depression. Thus, they require more support, including psychological treatment and empowering programs. Hypnotherapy based on strengthening the ego ...
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Female-headed households, due to many difficulties and diverse roles, are one of the vulnerable groups in society and at risk for mental disorders, such as depression. Thus, they require more support, including psychological treatment and empowering programs. Hypnotherapy based on strengthening the ego can be a useful strategy for empowerment and also as a way to reduce the symptoms of depression. So, this research is an experimental study to determine the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in treating depression based on ego strengthening of female-headed households. Participants in this study were 30 women who were covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The strength of ego and depression were measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2) and Psychological Ego Strengths Scale. The results of Multivariate ANOVA with Repeated Measures showed that there are significants difference between the pretest, posttest and flow up in experimental group, compared to control group, in terms of dependent variables (p < 0.001).The result of this study indicates that ego-strengthening based on hypnotherapy can be effective in order to reduce depression.
M. Mahmoud Alilou; T. Hashemi; M. Bairami; A. Bakhshipour; M. A. Sharifi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 65-88
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to predict Borderline Personality Disorder in terms of childhood traumatic events (i.e., the history of maltreatment, early losses and separation from family members) with the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. In this regard, 413 participants were selected ...
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The purpose of the current study was to predict Borderline Personality Disorder in terms of childhood traumatic events (i.e., the history of maltreatment, early losses and separation from family members) with the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. In this regard, 413 participants were selected through multistage sampling from all the students studying at Tehran University. The Demographic Questionnaire, the Difficulties in the Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Borderline Personality Scale and the Child Abuse Questionnaire, were used to measure the variables. The raw data collected, was analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings were similar to the results of previous studies. The results revealed that the theoretical model is suitably fit and childhood traumatic experiences (especially emotional abuse) and emotion dysregulation are good predictors for borderline personality disorder.
Sareh Moaref; Nadareh Sohrabi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy and clay therapy, and difference between them in improving of attention deficit disorder in treatment of children in elementary school. In this study whole experiments design with posttest – pretest control group was ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy and clay therapy, and difference between them in improving of attention deficit disorder in treatment of children in elementary school. In this study whole experiments design with posttest – pretest control group was used. Research populations was include female students at the elementary school which were 7-10 years old, who had attention deficit disorder in one of schools in Shiraz, that is full of population. After completing the questionnaire about attention deficit disorder (CSI-4) by teachers for students, 45 students were selected who earned the highest scores in this questionnaire, and finally they were placed in two groups of clay therapy and play therapy and control group by simple random sampling. After completing these forms Jordan’s attention deficit disorder, by teachers and parents of students, 8 individual session of 60 minutes, and two groups sessions of 90 minutes of clay therapy and play therapies received by tests groups, which researches were designed based on marks attention deficit disorder, which includes audio visual attention, sequence of procedures, audio and visual memory, Speed of operation, and understanding organizations. After running the Therapeutic intervention program these Jordan’s Index forms were completed by teachers and parents, again. The results of one way ANCOVA showed a significant difference between test groups of clay therapy and play therapy and control groups of attention deficit disorders. In addition, the results of independent sample of T-Test, didn’t showed a significant difference between the methods of clay therapy and play therapy in treatment of attention deficit disorders. The finding of this research showed that clay therapy and play therapies can be and effective methods in increasing the focus and attention for students in the course of their works, and the symptoms of increasing attention deficit disorder can be prevented in higher ages in life by this method.
Bahar Shayegh Borojeni; Gholamreza Manshaee; ilnaz sajjadian
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of teen-centric mindfulness education with emotion regulation education on aggression and anxiety in adolescent girls with type II bipolar disorder. The study employed a pre-test, post-test and follow-up quasi-experimental research design. The participants ...
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The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of teen-centric mindfulness education with emotion regulation education on aggression and anxiety in adolescent girls with type II bipolar disorder. The study employed a pre-test, post-test and follow-up quasi-experimental research design. The participants consisted of all adolescent girls with type II bipolar disorder who referred to Al-Zahra hospital of Isfahan. A total of 45 girls with type II bipolar disorder were selected using voluntary sampling method and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group (each group was 15 participants). The participants responded to Eysenck and Glenn Wilson's Aggression Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) before and after the intervention and 45 days later in the follow-up phase. One of the experimental groups was treated with Bordic-Package Teen-Centric Mindfulness, and the other underwent Grass Emotion regulation teaching. The results indicated that teen-centric mindfulness training and emotion regulation education were effective on decreasing aggression and anxiety in adolescent girls with type II bipolar disorder in post-test and follow up stages. Teen-centric mindfulness education was more effective than emotion regulation education (P<0.001). Therefore, the results can be used to reduce aggression and anxiety in adolescent girls with type II bipolar disorder.
K. Beshlideh; A. Neisi; M. Chach
Volume 17, Issue 1 , June 2010, , Pages 69-88
Abstract
The present study examined personality traits and organizational variables as predictors of accident-involvement in bus drivers. The population of this research was from a company in Tehran. The sample consisted of 150 subjects from accident-involved bus drivers and another equal number from accident-free ...
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The present study examined personality traits and organizational variables as predictors of accident-involvement in bus drivers. The population of this research was from a company in Tehran. The sample consisted of 150 subjects from accident-involved bus drivers and another equal number from accident-free drivers who were selected by the use of simple random sampling. The hypothesis, concerning the predictive roles of personality traits and organizational variables (as job satisfaction, organizational justice and interpersonal conflict at work) in distinguishing accident-involved drivers from accident-free ones, was tested. In order to analyze the data, both discriminant analysis and descriptive statistics were used. Findings revealed the fact that accident-involvement can be predicted from the two sets of research variables. The results of the study and the model was discussed in the paper.
S. Piryaei; N. Arshadi; A. Neisi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational justice on job performance, organizational commitment and turnover intention, considering the mediating role of system trust and interpersonal trust. The participants were 340 employees of National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational justice on job performance, organizational commitment and turnover intention, considering the mediating role of system trust and interpersonal trust. The participants were 340 employees of National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), Ahvaz region, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments included organizational justice, trust in organization, trust in top management, trust in supervisor, trust in coworker, job performance, organizational commitment and turnover intention questionnaires. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using SPSS-18 and AMOS-18 software packages. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure. Findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data. Better fit and more meaningful results obtained by omitting 7 non- significant paths (distributional, procedural and interactional justice→ job performance, interactional justice → organizational commitment and turnover intention; and interpersonal trust → organizational commitment and turnover intention) and using AMOS modification indices. Results related to indirect effects showed that except 4 indirect paths (procedural justice → organizational commitment through interpersonal trust, interactional justice → organizational commitment through interpersonal trust, procedural justice → turnover intention through interpersonal trust, and interactional justice→ turnover intention through interpersonal trust), the rest were significant.
Abstract
Although the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement is widely studied, there has been little attention to testing the role of student motivation and academic engagement as a mediators of this relationship. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship ...
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Although the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement is widely studied, there has been little attention to testing the role of student motivation and academic engagement as a mediators of this relationship. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement, with regard to mediating role of motivation and academic engagement. For this purpose, in a descriptive-correlational study, 375 high school students of Kashmar and one of their parents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed Parental Involvement Questionnaire (based on parent report), Parental Involvement Questionnaire (based on student report), Academic Motivation Scale, Engagement Scale and Academic Achievement. Data were analyzed by Lisrel and SPSS22 software, using structural equation modeling. The results of this study showed that proposed model has an acceptable fit with the data. In addition, motivation and academic engagement mediated the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement of high school students. In sum, results of this study emphasized the importance of communication and parental involvement in students’ academic activities.
Anousha Nikoubakht; Manijeh Shehni yailagh; Alireza Kiamanesh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer-based training with traditional Teaching on mathematical performance of students with the mathematical disorders in Ahvaz city. The research method was an experimental-field method with pretest-posttest design and control group. The ...
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer-based training with traditional Teaching on mathematical performance of students with the mathematical disorders in Ahvaz city. The research method was an experimental-field method with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all students with the mathematical learning disorder in the age range of 8-9 years, Sample of the present study consisted of 60 subjects and three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) that were selected by simple random sampling from students with mathematical learning disorder referred to four centers of learning disorders in Ahvaz. The data were collected using the Iranian Key- Mathematical Test. The findings showed that both traditional and computer-based teaching methods improve the mathematical performance of students with mathematical disorders (F=8.052, P<0.01). However, descriptive data and averages indicated a more effective role for computer-based training in improving students' math performance.
A. Shojaie; N. Behroozi; G.H. Maktabi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 73-92
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, social skills and psychological well-being in Shahid Chamran University female students. The population of this study was all of the female students who were studying in 1387-88 academic year. Among these, ...
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, social skills and psychological well-being in Shahid Chamran University female students. The population of this study was all of the female students who were studying in 1387-88 academic year. Among these, 317 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The scales used in this study were Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and Psychological Well-Being (WBI). Simple, canonical and multiple correlations were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that subscales of emotional intelligence and social skills predicted psychological well-being meaning that the more emotional intelligence and social skills that students have, the more psychologically healthy they were. In addition, contrary to the expectations, social sensitivity predicted psychological well-beingm, negatively. Also results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that four canonical variates (canonical dimension) are necessary to understand the association between the two sets of variables.
Abstract
Perfectionism as a stable personalitycharacteristic that influences various aspects of human life in a complex way.Several studies show that perfectionists reduce their anxiety by doingprocrastinating behaviors. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate themediating role of cognition avoidance ...
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Perfectionism as a stable personalitycharacteristic that influences various aspects of human life in a complex way.Several studies show that perfectionists reduce their anxiety by doingprocrastinating behaviors. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate themediating role of cognition avoidance and anxiety as cognitive factors in therelationship between perfectionism and procrastination. For this purpose, asample of 278 undergraduate, master and doctoral students (118 male and 160female), with a mean age of 25.4 and standard deviation of 5.50 from five stateuniversity were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to collectdata, students answered Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS),Solomon and Rothblum Academic Procrastination Scale, DASS-21 Scale and CognitionAvoidance. In order to analyze data, structural equation modeling (SEM) has beenused. The results showed that there were significant and positive causalrelationships between perfectionism, anxiety and procrastination and themediating role of cognition avoidance, indirectly through anxiety in therelationship between perfectionism and procrastination has been verified. Thuswhen cognition avoidance causes more anxiety in people who are perfectionist,this leads to more procrastination.
F. Kalantari; I. Davoodi; S. Bassaknejad; M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; M. Karandish
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of rational-emotive behavior therapy method on body mass index, weight self-efficacy, and body image among 14-18 year-old overweight teenage girls in Ahvaz. For this purpose, through public announcement and using available sampling method, 36 overweight ...
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This study aimed at investigating the effect of rational-emotive behavior therapy method on body mass index, weight self-efficacy, and body image among 14-18 year-old overweight teenage girls in Ahvaz. For this purpose, through public announcement and using available sampling method, 36 overweight persons were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups, namely, the experiment, placebo, and waiting list. Subjects of the experiment group participated in twelve sessions (90 minutes each). Beside a diet and weekly weighting, they received psychological intervention. In placebo group, subjects also took part in twelve separate sessions. In addition to a dietary program and weekly weighing, they delivered their monitoring report forms weekly. The waiting list subjects received neither monitoring nor intervention. Data analysis, using covariance analysis, regarding body mass index, showed that there were meaningful differences in waiting list and experimental groups compared to placebo group. However, in post-test stage, the difference between experimental and placebo groups was not meaningful, but at the follow-up stage, the difference was significant. In other words, the two groups lost weight at the post-test stage, but, ten weeks later the placebo group re-gained weight, while the experimental group did not change. The results also showed that this therapeutic method resulted in an increase in weight self-efficacy and a decrease in dissatisfaction of body image in experiment group, at both the post-test and follow-up stages.
I. Davoudi; A. Safikhani; M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand
Volume 16, Issue 2 , December 2009, , Pages 87-112
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate brain/behavioral system as predictors of personality Type A, C & D in Shahid Chamran University postgraduate students. The sample consisted of 273 students who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Thereafter Gary-Wilson Personality Questionnaire ...
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This study was carried out to investigate brain/behavioral system as predictors of personality Type A, C & D in Shahid Chamran University postgraduate students. The sample consisted of 273 students who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Thereafter Gary-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), Type A Questionnaire (TAQ), Type C Personality Inventory (TCPI) and Type D Scale‑14 (DS14) were administered to all subjects. To analyze the data in this study, canonical correlation analysis was used. The result of this study, showed that composite of criterion variables is predictable with linear composite of brain/behavioral systems. According to the first canonical function of this study, types D, C and A respectively are predictable with BIS and FFS. The results of this study showed brain/behavioral systems (Activation system, Inhibition system, Fight and Flight system) can predict Type A, C and D. Therefore these types of personality are distinctive from this reason.
F. Fathi; A. Hajiyakhchali; Z. Morovati
Volume 21, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 55-78
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the casual relationship between Personality characteristics and, beliefs about intelligence and academic self-efficacy and the performance academic with regards the mediating role of goals achievement in female high school students in Khorramabad. The participants ...
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The aim of this study was to examine the casual relationship between Personality characteristics and, beliefs about intelligence and academic self-efficacy and the performance academic with regards the mediating role of goals achievement in female high school students in Khorramabad. The participants of the study were 280 female Khorramabadi students, who were selected randomly through multi-stage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Implicit Theory of Intelligence Scale (IT IS), the Achievement Goal Orientation Scale and the Self-efficacy Academic Scale .The fitness of the proposed model was examined through using path analysis. The indirect effects were tested through the bootstrap method (AMOS-20 software) was used. The results showed that indirect effect entity intelligence belief through performance approach goal orientation on academic performance and effect indirect incremental intelligence belief through, mastery approach goal orientation on academic performance was significant. In addition effect indirect conscientiousness through mastery approach goal on academic performance was significant. But effect indirect openness to experience through mastery approach goal orientation with academic performance was not significant. Better fit was obtained by omitting non-significant paths entity intelligence belief and mastery approach goal orientation, openness to experience and mastery approach goal orientation, agreeableness and mastery approach goal orientation, openness to experience and self-efficacy academic, agreeableness and academic performance and openness to experience and academic performance.
P. Ganjeh; M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; I. Davoudi; Y. Zargar
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on the quality of life and self-efficacy in 10-15 year old boys with Asthma symptoms in the city of Ahvaz. The sample was selected using convenience sampling. In order to confirm Asthma symptoms, the participants ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on the quality of life and self-efficacy in 10-15 year old boys with Asthma symptoms in the city of Ahvaz. The sample was selected using convenience sampling. In order to confirm Asthma symptoms, the participants completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire (ISAAC). 12 children with asthma symptoms were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control group). All the participants completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire Asthma module and the Children and Adolescence Self-efficacy Scale in the posttest and follow up stages. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS. The results showed significant improvement in the quality of life and self-efficacy of the experimental group compared with the control group. But there weren't any significant difference between the two groups for the asthma symptoms component. The findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral intervention can be used as a well-established psychotherapy procedure and supplement to medical treatment for children and adolescents with asthma symptoms to reduce asthma complications.
fatemeh sepehrnoush moradi; elahe hejazi moghary
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the mediating role of hope in relation to the developmental assets of family, school and others with psychological well-being of the students. Students of the state high schools in Hamadan consisted of the statistical population; the sample group was 410 people (222 ...
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The present study aims to examine the mediating role of hope in relation to the developmental assets of family, school and others with psychological well-being of the students. Students of the state high schools in Hamadan consisted of the statistical population; the sample group was 410 people (222 girls and 188 boys) that were selected by multistage cluster sampling and responded to developmental assets, hope and psychological well-being scales. The path analysis results suggested that the family and school were directly related to the hope and the hope and family were directly related to the psychological well-being. The family and school with the mediator of hope influence positively and indirectly on psychological well-being; however, the effect of others was not significant on hope and psychological well-being. The results of comparison model in two groups of girls and boys showed that proposed model was not significantly. It can be said according to the findings that the hope has a mediator role in the relationship between family and school developmental assets with psychological well-being.
mehdi rezaee; ezatollah ghadampur; rezae kazemi
Abstract
Introduction Emotional invalidation is a transdiagnostic process that can be relevant across a variety of disorders. Emotional invalidation (the perception of others as indifferent to one’s emotions) is associated with difficulty accepting emotions, maladaptive coping with emotions, perception ...
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Introduction Emotional invalidation is a transdiagnostic process that can be relevant across a variety of disorders. Emotional invalidation (the perception of others as indifferent to one’s emotions) is associated with difficulty accepting emotions, maladaptive coping with emotions, perception of negative emotions as less controllable and comprehensible, and less psychological flexibility (Linehan, 1993; Leahy, Tirch, & Napolitano, 2011). Childhood abuse (sexual and emotional abuse) may be considered prototypical experiences of invalidation of emotional experiences (Westpha, Leahy, Pala, & Wupperman, 2016; Leahy, 2015). Childhood abuse communicate that the child’s internal experiences do not matter. Furthermore, abusive caregivers who routinely punish emotional or sexual displays convey that negative emotions are unacceptable and unimportant (Leahy, 2015). Also in cross-sectional studies, childhood abuse has been found to be a predictor of depressive symptoms directly (Infurna et al., 2016; Jascheka, Carter-Pokrasa, Hea, Leea, & Canino, 2016). Emotional invalidation is linked to a host of internalizing such as depression, anxiety, and social avoidance (Tanaka, Wekerle, Schmuck, & Paglia-Boak, 2011; Hong, & Lishner, 2016).The present study examined the predictive associations among childhood trauma (emotional and sexual), emotional invalidation and depressive symptoms in female college students with current major depressive disorder and with history of major depressive disorder. In summary, the following hypotheses are proposed: Hypothesis 1. Sexual abuse would contribute to the depressive symptoms through emotional invalidation. Hypothesis 2. Emotional abuse would contribute to the depressive symptoms through emotional invalidation. Method The present investigation is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The population of this study was 21,000 female college students in six different branches of Payam-e-Noor University with Persian languages (Baharestan, Eslamshahr, Shahryar, Tehran Souht, Robatkarim and Varamin). Data were obtained from college women enrolled in a clinical research study of mood disorders and behavior from the 2015 to 2016 academic year. Of these, 394 were selected through available sampling, of whom 92 met the criteria for current major depressive disorder (MDD) and 347 who had history of MDD in the last 12 months. Measures Beck Depression Inventory:The BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 2000) was used to assess depressive symptoms during the last two weeks. It measures the severity of depression and consists of 21 items. The reliability and validity of the BDI-II have been well demonstrated both in clinical and non-clinical samples (Beck et al., 2000). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I & II (SCID): SCID is a structured diagnostic measure designed to assess DSM–IV Axis I and II disorders. The SCID showed good reliability in previous studies (Maffei et al., 1997). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form:The CTQ (Bernstein et al., 2003) retrospectively assesses the severity of different types of trauma and provides five subscales: Sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Each item is scored on a five-point Likert scale from. The CTQ has demonstrated excellent reliability, convergent, divergent and predictive validity in both clinical and non-clinical populations (Bernstein et al., 2003). Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS; Leahy, 2002): This scale is made up of 50 items that are used to assess how one thinks about his own emotions. The LESS is a six-point Likert scale for each question (very true of me = 6 to very untrue of me = 1), it includes items regarding how they have dealt with emotional experiences during the last month. Results The results showed that depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with emotional (r = 0.46), sexual (r = 0.29) abuse and emotional invalidation (r = 0.51). In the present study, the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the indirect effects was obtained with 5000 bootstrap samples. The final step was to determine if the 95% CI for the estimated indirect effect included zero. An indirect effect is significant at the .05 level if the 95%CI does not include zero. There was significant indirect effect (path ab) of sexual abuse on depression symptoms through emotional invalidation (CI=0.20 to 0.75). In other words, consistent with that first hypothesis, emotional invalidation significantly mediated the effect of sexual abuse on depression symptoms. In addition, the bootstrapping results indicated that the direct effect of sexual abuse on depression (path c’ = 1.05, p < 0.0001) remained significant when controlling emotional invalidation, thus suggesting partial mediation. In addition, according to the bootstrapping results, emotional invalidation significantly mediated the effect of emotional abuse on depression symptoms (CI = 0.33 to 0.65). The direct effect of emotional abuse on depression (path c’ = 1.06, p < 0.0001) also remained significant when controlling emotional invalidation, thus suggesting partial mediation. Discussion The present study aimed to clarify whether emotional invalidation would explain the effect of childhood trauma (sexual and emotional abuse) on depressive symptoms. Consistent with our hypotheses, emotional invalidation partially mediated the effect of sexual and emotional abuse on depression. It is important to note, however, that this finding is consistent with previous studies (Leahy et al., 2011; Linehan, 1993; Infurna et al., 2016; Jascheka et al., 2016). Results from the current study suggested that one pathway by which sexual and emotional abuse may affect depressive symptoms is via emotional invalidation. This finding can be explained by reffering to attachment theory. First, during the process of forming and maintaining attachment during early childhood, the rudiments of empathy, mirroring, and validation include the caregiver’s responsiveness to the child’s distress, which reinforces the child’s mental representation—“My feelings make sense to others.” Second, responsive soothing of the child’s feelings by the caregiver encourages the child to believe, “My distressed feelings can be soothed.” Initially, it is proposed that this “soothing” occurs through the caregiver’s attention and reassurance but later is “internalized” by the child in self-calming and optimistic self-statements, similar to Bowlby’s idea of internal working models, in this case the internal representation that one’s feelings make sense and can be calmed. Third, the child’s communication of feelings to the caregiver becomes an opportunity not only for expressing feelings but for the caregiver to link emotional states to external events that “cause” the feeling—“You’re upset because your brother hit you.” This attempt to comprehend the cause of feelings and to share them with the caregiver can also assist in differentiating these feelings—“It sounds like you are angry and hurt”—and in constructing a theory of mind that can be applied to both self and others. Indeed, without an adequate theory of mind, the child will be impaired in showing validation toward others and will be unable to soothe her own feelings and the feelings of others (Leahy et al., 2011).
Askar Atashafrouz; Shoja Araban
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between personality traits and academic performance with mediating role of study strategies in students of Farhangian university of Khuzestan. The study population included all of the students of Farhangian University in the academic year of 1392-93. ...
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This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between personality traits and academic performance with mediating role of study strategies in students of Farhangian university of Khuzestan. The study population included all of the students of Farhangian University in the academic year of 1392-93. From this population, nine classrooms (214 students) were selected as sample, using clustering sampling method. The research instruments in this study were NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Approaches to Study and Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) and grade point average of students. For analysing data, the AMOS-16 was used. Results showed that openness and conscientiousness, by pushing students to deep study approach, promote academic performance. The agreeableness, by adopting a strategic study approach in students, improves academic performance. In addition, the findings indicate the positive relationship of trait neuroticism with both the surface study approach and the low academic performance of students. In general, the results showed that personality traits, both directly and indirectly through study strategies, associated with academic performance
M. Aliakbari; A. Sharifi; M. Sahragard
Volume 20, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 79-90
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to examine psychometric properties of BFQ-C in Iranians sample. 445 students from 8 to 14 years of old in primary and secondary schools in of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, were selected by multistage cluster sampling and with the Big Five Personality Questionnaire ...
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The aim of the present research was to examine psychometric properties of BFQ-C in Iranians sample. 445 students from 8 to 14 years of old in primary and secondary schools in of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, were selected by multistage cluster sampling and with the Big Five Personality Questionnaire for Children were tested. To determine the reliability and validity of questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test and factor analysis were used. Results showed that the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire using alpha for total scale is 0. 825 and for the subscales is ranging from 0.92 to 0.96. Factor analysis with Maximum Likelihood technique showed that eigen value of only five factors are considerable and explained 60.47% of the total variance. BFQ-C has a clear-cut factor structure, good internal consistency, and sufficient validity in the sample of Iranian students.
