Psychological Achievements

Abstract Introduction
Somatic symptom disorder results in significant disruption of daily life. Emotion-focused therapy has been used as an important protocol in the treatment of somatic symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on patterns of emotional processing and differentiation of self in female heads of household with somatic symptoms in Isfahan. Women who bear full responsibility for their own lives are referred to as heads of household in society. In the current era, the phenomenon of female heads of household has increased worldwide. They are among the most vulnerable social groups, facing numerous challenges in their personal, family, and social lives, and they are at increased risk for mental disorders and physical problems. Somatic symptom disorder is characterized by one or more chronic somatic symptoms (e.g., chronic bodily or head pain, abdominal symptoms, fatigue) that cause significant distress or result in significant disruption of daily life, as indicated by disproportionate and dysfunctional cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses. Emotion processing in people with somatic symptoms is impaired and also undifferentiated individuals experience chronic high anxiety and are prone to psychological problems and symptoms of illness. They react to internal or external stressors with intense and irrational emotional activation and show limited ability to think and act independently, this function, in turn, leads to an exacerbation of psychosomatic symptoms.

Method
The method of this research was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a control group. A purposive sampling method was used. Accordingly, from the statistical population of this study, which included all female heads of household with somatic symptoms aged 33 to 61, living in Isfahan city and its suburbs and covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (Region 2 and Region 5) and the Rah-e Zendegi (White Rose) Clinic of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Isfahan from 2023 to 2024, 36 individuals were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments used in this study were the Somatic Symptom Disorder- B Criteria Scale (SSD-12), the Emotional Processing Scale, and the Skowron and Schmitt (2003) Differentiation of Self Inventory. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance with SPSS software version 23.
Results
The results of the data analysis showed that emotion-focused therapy led to the reduction of somatic symptoms (0.48) and components of somatic symptoms (cognitive (0.15), emotional (0.39) and behavioral (0.39)), as well as a reduction in emotion processing patterns (0.77) and its components ((suppression (0.30), unpleasant emotional experience (0.62), unprocessed emotional symptoms (0.35), avoidance (0.16) and emotional control (0.12)) in female heads of household with somatic symptoms. The results of the data analysis also showed that emotion-focused therapy increased differentiation of self (0.50) and its components (emotional reactivity (0.36), I-position (0.20), emotional cut off (0.18) and fusion with others (0.29)) in the experimental group at the post-test stage, and these changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Discussion
According to the results, this method can be used as an interventional and therapeutic approach to reduce somatic symptoms and their components (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral), to reduce emotion processing patterns and their components (suppression, unpleasant emotional experience, unprocessed emotional symptoms, avoidance, and emotional control), and to increase differentiation of self and its components (emotional reactivity, I-position, emotional cut off, and fusion with others) in female heads of household with somatic symptoms. Due to the positive results of this research, this treatment can be used for patients with somatic symptoms in health centers, counseling and psychological and therapeutic clinics, and by the consultants in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, as well as by researchers in research centers and universities. The main techniques and concepts of this therapy can also be presented in the form of educational activities and workshops for individuals under the title of emotion-focused group therapy. It is recommended that these clients be referred by physicians to psychologists and psychiatrists, and that treatment be provided by the relevant specialist in order to resolve the psychological problems of these individuals with somatic symptoms.

Abstract Introduction
Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage characterized by significant physiological, psychological, social, and cognitive changes, which often heighten vulnerability to mental health disorders, with depression being one of the most common. Affecting approximately 4.5% of adolescents, depression can impair social skills, relationships, and academic performance. Moreover, depression in children and adolescents often co-occurs with other psychological disorders. According to the DSM-5, depression is diagnosed when a persistently depressed mood or reduced interest lasts for at least two weeks, accompanied by at least four specific symptoms, including sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, low energy, and thoughts of death or suicide. It is primarily an internalizing disorder, frequently emerging through negative thought patterns, and its symptoms may remain unnoticed by caregivers, making early detection and intervention critical. Recent research has increasingly emphasized alexithymia—the difficulty in recognizing and expressing emotions—as a key factor contributing to depression. Studies by Kieraité et al. (2024) and Tang et al. (2022) have demonstrated that emotional awareness deficits and shifts in alexithymia are predictive of depression. While resilience and mindfulness have been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms, there has been limited exploration of their mediating roles in the relationship between alexithymia and depression in adolescents. Much of the existing literature focuses on adults, highlighting a gap in understanding how these factors influence adolescents. Thus, this study aims to explore whether mindfulness and resilience play a significant role in the relationship between emotional alexithymia and depression in adolescents?
Method
The research method was descriptive-correlational, employing structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescents in the first and second years of high school in public schools in Rasht during the 2024-2025 academic year. The sample size was calculated as 200 participants based on Kline's (2023) guidelines, with the sample size increased to 240 to prevent sample attrition. Non-random convenience sampling was used, and the final analysis was conducted on 234 valid data points, with the remaining cases excluded as outliers and contaminated data. The participants had a mean age of 15.80 ± 3.19 years. Of the participants, 144 (61.5%) were female, and 90 (38.5%) were male. The data collection instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (RISC), and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory Short Form (FMI-SF). The psychometric properties of all instruments were examined and confirmed. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.
Results
The results indicated that alexithymia (β = 0.38), mindfulness (β = -0.19), and resilience (β = -0.34) had direct and significant effects on depression. Additionally, alexithymia had direct and significant effects on resilience (β = -0.58) and mindfulness (β = -0.57) (p < 0.05). The results of the bootstrap test showed that resilience (β = 0.26) and mindfulness (β = 0.17) served as mediators between alexithymia and depression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the goodness-of-fit indices from the structural equation modeling supported the adequate fit of the conceptual model with the collected data (χ²/df = 1.44, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the proposed model demonstrates a good fit. Overall, the proposed model accounted for 87% of the variance in depression among adolescents.
Discussion
This study's findings indicate that resilience and mindfulness fully mediate the relationship between alexithymia and depression in adolescents, based on structural equation modeling. Depression, marked by low mood, lack of interest, and negative self-reflection, is influenced by physiological, psychological, and social stressors, and can lead to academic and interpersonal difficulties. Alexithymia, or difficulty in expressing emotions, increases the risk of depression. Resilience and mindfulness help mitigate this impact by improving emotional regulation and coping skills, reducing negative emotions, and preventing depression. Thus, the findings of this study can be utilized in the prevention of adolescent depression and in developing various strategies for emotion regulation among adolescents.

Abstract Introduction
Body trust refers to a collection of attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and experiences that an individual holds about their body. This concept specifically focuses on the subjective and emotional experiences of a person in relation to their body, the acceptance or denial of its physical characteristics, and the psychological impacts of these experiences on personal identity and body image. Unlike traditional approaches that often emphasize the external or physical aspects of the body, body trust addresses the complex and multidimensional relationships individuals have with their bodies, aiming to understand how these interactions affect their psychological, cognitive, and emotional states. In the contemporary world, where social, cultural pressures, and beauty standards are constantly evolving, this concept has become a valuable tool for recognizing and analyzing individuals' relationships with their bodies. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Trust scale in different demographic groups and within the cultural and social context of Iran. This way, it seeks to provide researchers and therapists with a valid and reliable tool for assessing individuals' attitudes and psychological experiences related to their bodies.
Method
The sample size for this study was calculated using G-Power software. Based on the analyses performed, the required sample size for each group (men and women) was determined to be approximately 64 participants. In this study, 210 individuals (118 men and 92 women) from Tehran were selected using a convenience sampling method in 2024. To collect data, we used the Body Trust Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS25 and AMOS software. In the next step, it was examined whether the factors discovered in the Body Trust Scale (BTS) were consistent between genders (men versus women).
Results
The analysis revealed that the measurement model demonstrates good fit. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicate that all factor loadings are at an acceptable level, suggesting that the observed variables accurately measure their corresponding latent constructs.These results suggest that some constructs have negative reciprocal effects, while others have an additive impact on one another. The results of the reliability and convergence analysis indicate that the average variance extracted (AVE) index for all constructs in the model is at an acceptable level. These findings confirm that the observed variables adequately reflect their respective constructs and that the model has sufficient convergent validity.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that the Persian version of the Body Trust Scale possesses satisfactory psychometric properties and can be utilized as a valid tool for assessing individuals' psychological attitudes and experiences regarding their bodies. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the factorial structure of the scale fits well and that its validity and reliability indices are at an acceptable level. These findings are consistent with previous research in the field of body image assessment and its relationship with various psychological dimensions. One of the most important findings of this research was the gender differences in various dimensions of body trust. The results showed that women reported higher scores in the dimensions of "physical attractiveness" and "comfort with the body" compared to men, while men had higher scores in the aspects of "comfort with inner emotions" and "trust in the body." So the findings of this research indicate that body trust is not only related to individual factors such as interoceptive awareness and self-efficacy but is also influenced by social factors like gender, culture, and media standards. These results emphasize the necessity of designing educational and therapeutic interventions to improve individuals' attitudes towards their bodies. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the body trust scale is an appropriate tool for assessing individuals' attitudes towards their bodies in Iranian culture. Comparing the findings of this study with research conducted in other countries shows that the concept of body trust is largely influenced by cultural, social, and gender factors.

Abstract Introduction
The phenomenon of academic burnout in gifted students involves unique complexities, shaped by the interplay of individual, environmental, and educational factors, and may expose them to heightened risks. Therefore, research in this area can lead to a deeper understanding of the cycle of academic burnout perpetuation in this group and help prevent the waste of national talents.
Method
The present study aimed to explain the process of academic burnout among gifted students. The research followed a qualitative design based on the grounded theory approach by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Participants included adolescents experiencing academic burnout in gifted schools in Ahvaz during the 2023-2024 academic year. Purposive sampling was employed, continuing until data saturation was achieved, resulting in a final sample of 23 students. To ensure the selection of participants aligned with the aim of this study, obtaining a score above the cutoff point (a score of 35 or higher) on the Academic Boredom Questionnaire by Pekrun et al. (2005)—which indicates moderate to high levels of academic boredom—was set as one of the inclusion criteria.
The participants were aged between 15 and 18 years, including 12 girls and 13 boys, all of whom were in the upper secondary level. Among them, 8 were studying in the humanities stream, 5 in mathematics and physics, and 9 in natural sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews To enhance the credibility of the research, participant review, expert opinion, and precise documentation of the analysis process were employed. The criteria of transferability, confirmability, and dependability were also observed. The ultimate goal was to develop a mid-range theory regarding the subject under study.


Results
Analysis of the data generated 168 initial codes, 62 open codes, and 18 axial codes, which were integrated into a theoretical model. The model identified an educational system misaligned with learners’ needs as the core category explaining academic burnout. Key factors contributing to this phenomenon include causal conditions such as a competitive environment, unattractive educational settings, ineffective teaching methods, Educational Disparity Between gifted schools and private coaching centers, and excessive academic pressure. Contextual conditions involved individual inefficacy, physical inactivity, lack of recreational activities, physical health issues, and identity crises. Intervening conditions included dysfunctional family dynamics, gaps between educational content and real-life needs, and insufficient social support. Students adopted strategies such as internalizing or externalizing problems, leading to consequences like academic decline, diminished motivation, feelings of deprivation, and reduced self-esteem
Discussion
The resulting theory suggests that an educational system misaligned with learners’ needs perpetuates academic burnout. This type of system, by creating a high-pressure and unresponsive environment, functions as a core category in the process of forming academic boredom among gifted students. Through excessive standardization, neglect of individual differences, and lack of necessary support, it drives students toward identity crises and a sense of hopelessness about the future. By disregarding the special needs of gifted students—such as cognitive challenges and emotional support—it leads to a growing gap between the students’ expectations and the reality of the educational environment. Breaking this cycle requires structural reforms focused on flexibility, recognition of individual differences, and enhanced psychosocial support. Implementing such changes could enable gifted students to fully utilize their talents and maintain a lifelong passion for learning.

Abstract Introduction
The family is considered the most fundamental social unit, and the relationships between family members, their interactions with the social environment, and the structure of the family all have a profound impact on social development. In this context, the marital relationship serves as a crucial source of well-being and psychological health for couples. If couples are not committed to the covenant they have made, the family unit becomes vulnerable to various risks and threats. One of these risks is marital infidelity, which has emotional, virtual, and particularly sexual aspects. It occurs when one partner violates the marital commitment by establishing an emotional or sexual relationship with someone outside the family, thus betraying their spouse. In particular, in virtual spaces, especially on the Instagram social network, individuals have broader connections and engage in discussions on various topics. Sometimes, these relationships extend beyond the usual boundaries and norms, and due to conflicts with societal culture and values, they may be considered infidelity. In this regard, understanding the factors influencing the tendency and behavior of infidelity among Instagram users can be significant. The purpose of the present study was to investigate structural equation modeling of the mediating role of sensation seeking in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital attachment styles with attitudes toward infidelity in women user of the Instagram social media. This was descriptive-correlation research.
Method
This was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of the study was women user of the Instagram social media who of Tehran city in year 2024. The sample size was selected based on Klein's model (2023) and with subjectivw sampling of 440 women. Data collection tools include the scale of marital infidelity (SMI) of Bashirpour and et al (2018), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski & Kraaij (2006), brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement scale of Sandberg and et al (2012) and sensation seeking scale and Zuckerman (2007). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling. Results
The results showed direct effect of maladaptive cognitive regulation of emotion (β=0.52 and sig=0.001), adaptive cognitive regulation of emotion (β= - 0.44 and sig=0.001), marital attachment of self (β= - 0.51 and sig=0.001), marital attachment of spouse (β= - 0.52 and sig=0.027) and sensation seeking (β=0.43 and sig=0.001). Also, the final research model had a good fit (RMSEA=0.07, p<0.05) and 73% of the variance of attitudes toward infidelity is explained.
Discussion
The results of the present study have important theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study, by using a mediating model, may contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved and influencing the tendency toward infidelity. Additionally, the results of the present study showed that emotion regulation strategies, attachment behaviors in marital relationships, and sensation seeking are key factors in predicting the tendency toward infidelity. Therefore, based on the findings of this study and the role of emotion regulation strategies and attachment behaviors in marital relationships in predicting the tendency toward infidelity among women who are Instagram users, it is suggested to use emotion regulation training and attachment-based interventions, such as attachment-based family therapy, to improve the tendency toward infidelity in these women.

Abstract Introduction
In recent years, the importance of using creative and cultural educational methods in improving the skills of slow-learning children has been widely recognized. Storytelling, as one of the oldest and most effective methods of conveying concepts and teaching linguistic and cognitive skills, plays an important role in developing children's verbal and cognitive skills. In this regard, developing a storytelling package based on ancient tales can help improve the verbal and cognitive skills of slow-learning children while preserving and transmitting culture. Late learners cannot learn complex material. They are usually anxious, have low self-esteem and poor attention skills. They have difficulty transferring what they have learned to practical situations or situations in everyday life. These students live in the present; that is, they are not forward-looking and do not have long-term goals. Late learners cannot progress at the same pace as regular students and are not able to learn everything that is expected of regular students. In fact, late learners do not master the content of the lessons during their time in school. Late learners cannot study at the level of progress. They have poor memory, short attention span and cannot focus on one subject for a long time. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a storytelling package based on ancient tales and examine its effect on the verbal and cognitive skills of slow-learning children.

Method
The research method was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) one, with the qualitative method being through semi-structured interviews and the quantitative method being semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in the qualitative section included university psychology professors, specialists and experts in the field of children's literature in Jahrom city, who were selected through purposive sampling and interviews to a saturation level of 10 people, and in the quantitative section, it included slow-learning students in the first grade of elementary school in Jahrom city, who were selected through purposive sampling with a sample size of 30 people. Storytelling package training based on ancient tales was implemented for slow-learning students in the experimental group during 30 sessions. Storytelling package training based on ancient tales was implemented for 30 sessions for slow-learning students in the experimental group. Quantitative data collection tools included the standardized test of language development (TOLD P3) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-V (WISC-V). In the qualitative section, the coding method was based on coding the main themes and coding the sub-themes based on the stories extracted from the interview, and the multivariate analysis of covariance statistical method was used to analyze the data.
Results
Based on the analysis of information in the qualitative section, a storytelling package based on ancient tales was developed for slow-learning students in the first elementary school, including: development of verbal skills, development of cognitive skills, and development of social skills in 30 sessions. For the development of verbal skills, 5 stories (sub-themes) were selected in 10 sessions; for the development of cognitive skills, 5 stories were selected in 10 sessions; for the development of social skills, 5 stories were selected in 10 sessions based on the interviews conducted. Teaching a storytelling package based on ancient tales had an impact on improving verbal skills subscales (picture vocabulary, relational vocabulary, oral vocabulary, grammatical comprehension, sentence imitation, grammatical completion), and cognitive skills subscales (verbal comprehension, visual-spatial comprehension, fluid reasoning, working memory, processing speed) of slow-learning students in the first grade of elementary school.

Discussion
The results of this study showed that a storytelling package based on ancient tales has a significant impact on improving the verbal and cognitive skills of slow-learning children. The use of cultural and indigenous content in this educational package, in addition to improving linguistic and cognitive abilities, has increased children's motivation and active participation in the learning process, this package can be used as an effective and efficient tool in educational and rehabilitation programs for children with learning disabilities. In another explanation, artistic activities such as storytelling and painting are mental-psychological interventions and activate the lower parts of the brain, which in turn plays a role in making the higher parts of the brain more effective, and telling stories creates complex interactions between different parts of the brain.

Abstract Introduction
In recent years, cosmetic surgery has become one of the most frequently performed procedures globally, mirroring evolving beauty ideals and broader socio-cultural changes. Initially more common among women, cosmetic enhancement has increasingly been embraced by men over the past two decades. A major driver of this trend is the influence of social media, which propagates idealized and often unrealistic standards of physical appearance. As a result, many individuals dissatisfied with aspects of their looks turn to cosmetic procedures in hopes of improving self-esteem, gaining social acceptance, and alleviating psychological distress. Within this context, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has emerged as a significant psychological factor associated with the demand for cosmetic surgery. BDD involves excessive and persistent concern with imagined or minor flaws in physical appearance, often unnoticeable to others. Notably, those with BDD frequently remain dissatisfied even after undergoing surgery, with symptoms sometimes worsening. This highlights the importance of pre-surgical psychological evaluation to avoid unnecessary or potentially harmful procedures. An important clinical observation is the strong relationship between BDD and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Individuals with BPD often present with emotional instability, identity confusion, and heightened sensitivity to rejection—features that may amplify concerns over body image. Moreover, they frequently experience social anxiety and feelings of inferiority, which can intensify their preoccupation with physical imperfections. As such, individuals with BPD traits may represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup in cosmetic surgery contexts.
Method
The present study aimed to explore the psychological predictors of BDD in individuals with BPD symptoms seeking cosmetic procedures. Specifically, the research proposed and tested a model in which social anxiety predicts BDD symptoms, with feelings of inferiority acting as a mediating variable. The core hypothesis suggested that higher levels of social anxiety would be associated with more severe BDD symptoms, and that this relationship would be partially explained by feelings of inferiority. This applied research employed a descriptive-correlational design and utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the proposed model. The study population consisted of adults with BPD symptoms who attended cosmetic clinics in Tabriz between 2024 and 2025. From an initial convenience sample of 400 individuals, 250 participants (232 females, 18 males) were retained after removing incomplete responses and confirming BPD traits using the Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire (Gashtasbi Asl et al., 2017).

Participants completed several validated self-report questionnaires:

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Metacognition Scale (Rabiei et al., 2014)

Social Anxiety Scale (Jerebark, 1996)

Feelings of Inferiority Questionnaire (Yao et al., 1997)

Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire (Gashtasbi Asl et al., 2017)

All instruments demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in prior Iranian research. Data were analyzed using SPSS-27 and Smart PLS-3. Descriptive statistics summarized the sample, and SEM was used to test the hypothesized pathways.
Results
The results supported the proposed model, revealing that social anxiety significantly predicted BDD symptoms, and this relationship was partially mediated by feelings of inferiority. These findings suggest that individuals with elevated social anxiety are more likely to develop BDD, partly due to underlying self-perceptions of inadequacy. From a clinical perspective, these results underscore the importance of addressing inferiority beliefs in therapeutic interventions for individuals with BPD traits seeking cosmetic surgery. Cognitive-behavioral strategies aimed at enhancing self-worth and challenging maladaptive self-schemas may reduce the likelihood of distorted body image and unnecessary surgical pursuits.
Discussion
Furthermore, the findings highlight the need to implement psychological screening protocols in cosmetic surgery settings. Identifying individuals at psychological risk—particularly those exhibiting high social anxiety, BPD traits, and feelings of inferiority—can support timely referrals to mental health professionals, promoting safer and more ethical surgical practices. Future research is encouraged to investigate longitudinal outcomes of psychological interventions in this population and explore integrated care models that link cosmetic and psychological services.

Abstract Introduction
Satellite staff, particularly those in remote or isolated work environments, face unique psychological challenges due to separation from family, social isolation, and demanding work conditions. Occupational depression—a work-related mental health condition characterized by chronic fatigue, demotivation, and impaired job performance—has emerged as a critical concern in such settings. This study examines the interplay between psychological and organizational factors, including attachment styles (secure, avoidant, anxious-ambivalent), resilience, and perceived organizational support, in predicting occupational depression among Satellite staff. Additionally, it investigates the mediating role of loneliness in these relationships, a prevalent issue in isolated work environments. Theoretical frameworks such as attachment theory (Bowlby, 1979), resilience theory (Connor & Davidson, 2003), and social exchange theory (Eisenberger et al., 1986) underpin this research. Prior studies suggest that insecure attachment styles (avoidant, anxious-ambivalent) exacerbate depression, while resilience and organizational support act as protective factors. Loneliness, as per the Need to Belong Theory (Baumeister & Leary, 2017), may mediate these relationships by intensifying emotional distress in socially deprived settings.
Method
The research employed a descriptive-correlational design with a sample of 237 male satellite workers from the Persian Gulf Star Oil Company, selected through convenience sampling. Data collection utilized several validated psychological instruments, including Hazan & Shavar's (1987) Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, 2003), and Eisenberger et al.'s (1986) Perceived Organizational Support (POS) Questionnaire to evaluate workplace support systems. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980), while occupational depression was evaluated through the Bianchi et al.'s (2021) Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI). Statistical analyses included Pearson's correlation to examine relationships between variables and structural equation modeling to test mediation effects, with bootstrapping used to validate indirect pathways. The methodology ensured rigorous examination of both direct and indirect relationships among the study variables.
Results
The analysis revealed several significant direct and indirect relationships among the study variables. In terms of direct effects, avoidant attachment style showed a positive predictive relationship with depression (β = 0.15, p = 0.008), indicating that employees with this attachment pattern were more vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Conversely, secure attachment (β = -0.14, p = 0.021) and perceived organizational support (β = -0.13, p = 0.010) both demonstrated protective effects against depression. Resilience emerged as the strongest negative predictor of depression (β = -0.38, p < 0.001), while loneliness was identified as the most substantial positive predictor (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis further clarified these relationships, showing that loneliness significantly mediated the effects of avoidant attachment (β = 0.11, p = 0.004), secure attachment (β = -0.16, p = 0.003), and resilience (β = -0.10, p = 0.008) on depression. However, no significant mediation effect was found for organizational support (β = 0.01, p = 0.505). Correlation results supported these findings, with depression showing positive associations with avoidant attachment (r = 0.29) and loneliness (r = 0.53), and negative associations with resilience (r = -0.52) and organizational support (r = -0.18). These results collectively paint a comprehensive picture of how individual psychological factors and workplace support systems interact to influence mental health outcomes in satellite workers.
Discussion
The discussion interprets these findings within existing theoretical frameworks and prior research. The mediating role of loneliness between insecure attachment styles and depression supports attachment theory's emphasis on social connection needs. The strong protective effect of resilience aligns with current understanding of stress-coping mechanisms, while the distinct pathway of organizational support suggests it may function through different psychological processes than personal resilience. These insights have important practical implications for workplace mental health interventions. Organizations might consider implementing resilience training programs, attachment-aware counseling services, and policies that enhance social connectivity for satellite workers. However, the study's limitations, including its male-only sample and reliance on self-report measures, suggest caution in generalizing the results. Future research could benefit from longitudinal designs and more diverse samples to establish causal relationships and broader applicability. The findings ultimately contribute to a more nuanced understanding of mental health in isolated work environments, offering valuable insights for both psychological theory and organizational practice.

Abstract Introduction
The family center can be a character-giving center for couples to form many constructive and efficient traits that arise with the marital bond between a man and a woman. In a way, this need for intimacy with each other draws couples together. On the other hand, if couples are not committed to the covenant they have made, this family center is exposed to various risks and threats. One of these risks is marital infidelity, which has emotional, virtual, and especially sexual aspects. It causes one of the couples to violate the marital commitment and break the covenant with his or her spouse by establishing an emotional or sexual relationship with another person outside the family framework. Among men, due to their greater sexual needs than women, they commit more marital infidelity and attempt to break the marital covenant. One of the consequences of marital infidelity that affected women experience is symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by the specific psychological impact of severe life events, including exposure to death, serious threats, marital infidelity, or sexual assault. The two main current diagnostic definitions include the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) and the international classification of diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, both of which require symptoms to develop after a traumatic experience. According to the DSM-5, posttraumatic stress disorder requires at least one month of symptoms after exposure to an actual or witnessed traumatic event in which actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence occurred. The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in the international classification of diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) is similar to the DSM-5, but is narrower and focuses on traditional fear-based symptoms such as reexperiencing, avoidance, and hypervigilance. The purpose of this study was to compare of the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and narrative exposure therapy on posttraumatic stress of women affected by marital infidelity.
Method
This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population was all the women affected by marital infidelity who referred to the psychological centers of in Tehran city in year 2024. In the first stage, using purposeful sampling method, 45 women were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 15 women) and one control group (15 women) were replaced and experimental groups underwent group narrative exposure therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (8 sessions 90 minutes). Posttraumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by the specific psychological impact of severe life events, including exposure to death, serious threats, marital infidelity, or sexual assault. The two main current diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) and the international classification of diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) diagnoses of PTSD, both of which require symptoms to develop after a traumatic experience. According to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition (DSM-5), posttraumatic stress disorder requires at least one month of symptoms after exposure to an actual or witnessed traumatic event in which actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence occurred. The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in the international classification of diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) is similar to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition (DSM-5), but is narrower and focuses on traditional fear-based symptoms such as reexperiencing, avoidance, and hypervigilance. To collect data revised Civilian Mississippi scale for PTSD (RCMS) of Norris & Perilla (1996). Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software version 28 was used for data analysis.
Results
The Chi-square analysis statistic obtained from comparing the frequency and percentage of the 3 groups in the education variable was equal to chi-Square = 11.467, which is not statistically significant (sig = 0.075), which indicates that the three groups were similar in terms of academic. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on posttraumatic stress of women affected by marital infidelity (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is more effective in posttraumatic stress (P<0.05).

Abstract Introduction
Over the past two decades, suicide has become a major public health concern, with a global increase of approximately 36%. This alarming trend results in over 700,000 deaths annually, particularly affecting adolescents. Meanwhile, suicidal behavior is influenced by a variety of predisposing and activating factors that heighten the risk of suicide and self-harm. Therefore, this study aimed to phenomenologically explore the underlying and activating factors of suicide through the lived experiences of adolescents.

Method
This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach and focused on adolescents aged 12 to 20 who had a history of suicide attempts in the northern counties of Fars province, specifically Khorrambid, Bavanat, Eqlid, and Abadeh during the years 2023-2024. A total of 22 participants were selected through purposive sampling until saturation was reached. Data collection involved conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with participants in the field. The reliability of the interview data was assessed based on four criteria: acceptability (reliability), trustworthiness (validity), generalizability (transferability), and confirmability. The interview data were analyzed using the qualitative statistics software MAXQDA-10 and the thematic analysis method. Additionally, an interpretive strategy was employed to understand and interpret the semantic codes related to the phenomenon of suicide.

Results
Qualitative content analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews with participants revealed that contextual factors influencing suicide among attempters can be categorized into five main themes: demographic, social, economic, policy, and cultural factors. The results indicated that "demographic factors" affecting suicide fall into three categories: age (with subcategories of mid-adolescence and late adolescence), biological sex (subcategories of girls and boys), and education (subcategories of academic motivation and academic performance). In the "social factors" theme, two primary categories were identified: witnessing violence (subcategories of domestic violence and social violence) and peer influence (subcategory of role modeling), both of which significantly affect the experiences of suicide attempters. Regarding "economic factors," two main categories emerged: poverty (with subcategories of financial difficulties in meeting expenses and experiences of discrimination and inequality) and unemployment (subcategory of lack of a job or income for the head of the family). The "policy factors" theme highlighted the impact of inadequate forward-looking policymaking, which includes subcategories focused on envisioning a possible future and designing policies to leverage the potential of young people. Also, the theme of "cultural factors" revealed three main categories affecting suicide: the conflict between tradition and modernity (with a subcategory addressing social development), the weakening of social ties (subcategories of diminishing family connections and reduced intergroup relationships), and identity failure (with subcategories of confusion, self-doubt, and cultural despair) experienced by those attempting suicide. In addition, this study identified and categorized suicidal activators into two main themes. The first theme, "external activators" encompasses two primary categories: stressful events, which include subcategories such as domestic violence, social violence, life changes, and specific negative experiences; and interpersonal relationship failures, covering family interactions, peer group dynamics, and romantic relationships. The second theme, "internal activators" consists of three main categories: thoughts and beliefs, which include subcategories like automatic thoughts, distorted cognitive patterns, core beliefs, and attributive beliefs; emotional manifestations, which encompass psychological pain and complex emotions; and behavioral manifestations, including impulsive behaviors, avoidance of social situations, and the use of nicotine, alcohol, and drugs.

Discussion
These findings emphasize the influence of various underlying and activating risk factors on suicide. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare systems at local, national, and global levels to integrate these factors into their strategies. Consequently, this research offers valuable insights for enhancing prevention, treatment, and support services within mental health programs, particularly for crisis intervention and community-based professionals who work with individuals at risk of suicide. Additionally, the study underscores the need to identify, prioritize, and quantify these risk factors in future research, as this could assist mental health policymakers in making informed decisions to lower suicide risks and rates.

Abstract Introduction
Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by profound psychological and social transformations, rendering individuals vulnerable to mental health challenges like anxiety and depression. These prevalent issues can have lasting negative effects on well-being and academic success. Parenting styles are a key factor, with “helicopter parenting”—defined by excessive control and intense involvement—drawing significant attention. By undermining an adolescent’s developing need for autonomy and competence, this parenting style is theorized to foster dependency and hinder effective coping skills, increasing vulnerability to internalizing disorders. However, the relationship is complex, suggesting the presence of mediating factors. This study introduces alexithymia—a personality trait involving difficulties in identifying, describing, and processing one’s own emotions—as a key potential mediator. We hypothesize that a controlling parental environment restricts an adolescent’s opportunities for emotional exploration, leading to the development of alexithymic traits. This emotional dysregulation, in turn, may directly contribute to symptoms of anxiety and depression. Given the differing roles mothers and fathers often play, particularly within a collectivist cultural context like Iran, this study aimed to test a structural model investigating the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between both maternal and paternal helicopter parenting and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Iranian adolescents.
Method
This study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed relationships. The target population consisted of high school students in Khamir County, Iran. Through convenience sampling, a final sample of adolescents with complete questionnaire responses was obtained. Data were collected via self-report online instruments: the Short Helicopter parenting Instrument for maternal and paternal styles, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale for emotional processing difficulties, and the anxiety and depression subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales for symptom severity. Data analysis involved calculating descriptive statistics and correlations, followed by using specialized SEM software to assess model fit and path significance.
Results
The structural equation model demonstrated an excellent fit with the data. Path analysis revealed distinct effects for maternal and paternal roles. Maternal helicopter parenting showed no significant direct or indirect association with adolescents’ alexithymia, anxiety, or depression. In contrast, paternal helicopter parenting significantly predicted negative outcomes, showing a direct, positive relationship with alexithymia, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, alexithymia was found to mediate these relationships, as significant indirect pathways were observed from paternal helicopter parenting to both anxiety and depression through alexithymia. Independently, alexithymia also emerged as a powerful predictor of emotional distress, showing a particularly strong association with depression.
Discussion
This study highlights the nuanced, gender-specific impact of helicopter parenting. The lack of effect from maternal helicopter parenting may be because, in Iran’s collectivist context, it is often perceived as normative and caring, a view that could buffer its negative potential. Conversely, paternal helicopter parenting had strong negative effects, consistent with self-determination theory, which posits that thwarting autonomy leads to poor outcomes. Paternal control, possibly interpreted as more authoritarian, directly fosters alexithymia and distress. The mediating role of alexithymia suggests it is the mechanism through which control impairs emotional understanding, leading to internalizing symptoms. The strong alexithymia-depression link emphasizes emotional disconnection as a key risk factor. Future research should explore these dynamics in different cultural settings to test the generalizability of these parent-specific findings. It would also be valuable to investigate other potential mediators, such as self-efficacy or coping strategies, which might further explain the pathway from controlling parenting to adolescent distress. Longitudinal studies could also clarify the causal direction of these relationships over time. These findings imply that interventions should not treat parenting monolithically; programs targeting fathers to reduce control and foster autonomy may be beneficial. Furthermore, this research underscores the importance of a systemic family approach, recognizing that the parent-child dyad is influenced by broader cultural expectations and gender roles. Promoting adolescent emotional literacy could also serve as a protective factor, directly addressing alexithymia to buffer against the effects of excessive parental control.

Abstract Introduction
Multiple models have been proposed to explain the etiology of this disorder. Among these, there are models that place special emphasis on considering the role of contextual factors such as family conditions, parent-child interactions, and life events (Purcell, 2002) in the development and maintenance of this disorder.
Several studies have examined the quality of early relationships of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and have supported the existence of a significant relationship between experiences of parenting styles characterized by authoritarianism, criticism, emotional coldness, demandingness, and punitive measures, and an increased likelihood of developing OCD (Brander et al., 2016; Sudhir et al., 2021; Kaçan & Öztürk, 2023). However, fewer studies have addressed the pathways through which such influences occur. According to object relations theory, it can be suggested that adopting these approaches by parents may lead individuals to develop obsessive tendencies by impacting their self-representations. One of the constructs related to self-status that has garnered considerable attention in this context is "fear of self." Research has shown a positive and significant relationship between fear of self and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Sauvageau et al., 2020; Llorens‐Aguilar et al., 2022; Jaeger et al., 2024). Additionally, studies have supported the role of experienced parenting in the development of fear of self (Doron, 2020; Abdel Tawab et al., 2024).
The review of the literature suggests the hypothesis that experienced parenting styles may contribute to the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms through their impact on individuals' self-perceptions. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to examine the mediating role of fear of self in the relationship between perceived maternal parenting styles and symptoms of OCD.

Method
The methodology of the present research is descriptive and correlational, conducted using path analysis. The target population consisted of all adults over the age of 18, from which 300 individuals completed the questionnaires online. Data from 19 individuals were excluded due to incomplete responses, resulting in a final sample size of 281 participants. The instruments used in the research included the Parental Authority Questionnaire, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and the Fear of Self Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS-27 and Amos-24 software.

Results
The assumptions of path analysis, including the absence of significant outliers, normal distribution, detection of multicollinearity, and independence of errors or lack of autocorrelation, were all met, and there were no restrictions on conducting the path analysis. The results of the path analysis indicated a good fit for the proposed model. The findings showed that the indirect effect of the authoritarian parenting style of the mother on obsessive-compulsive symptoms was significant through the mediating role of fear of self. Therefore, it can be concluded that fear of self played a positive and significant mediating role in the relationship between maternal authoritarian parenting style and the level of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and according to the variance accounted for (VAF) statistic, mediation was complete.

Discussion
The findings indicated that the variable of fear of self plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between experienced authoritarian parenting style from mothers and the level of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals. This means that individuals who perceived a more authoritarian parenting style from their mothers reported higher levels of fear of self, and consequently, greater obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Finding can be explained by the notion that experiencing an authoritarian parenting style from the mother can influence an individual's self-perception and create a predisposition to obsessive behavior. More specifically, an authoritarian mother who imposes strict rules and standards communicates to her children that the only correct way to behave is according to these rules, and that any deviation from the established directives can have severe and dangerous consequences. By employing punitive methods to enforce obedience to these directives, she instills in her children the belief that if they act contrary to these commands and according to their own will and desires, they may be careless, inconsiderate, dangerous, unethical, and so on. These frightening beliefs and perceptions about the self can lead the individual toward obsessive tendencies. Such an individual may try to prevent the emergence of these frightening aspects of themselves by adhering to strict moral standards, practicing excessive care, and exhibiting extreme responsibility.

Abstract In recent years, the use of smart communication devices has been widely embraced, leading to psychological disorders such as nomophobia, especially among adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of personality traits and media literacy on nomophobia, with the mediating role of internet addiction among adolescent students. Studies have shown that the prevalence of this disorder is increasing among adolescents, with many experiencing high levels of nomophobia, and similar moderate to severe levels have also been reported in Spain. Research indicates that personality traits have varying effects on nomophobia. Studies have further demonstrated that higher levels of media literacy and e-health literacy reduce nomophobia in adolescents. Overall, digital literacy enhances adolescents’ ability to use media productively, although heavy smartphone use may sometimes exacerbate it. This study was descriptive-correlational and path analysis. The statistical population included all girls ' and boys ' students of the first secondary level of in non-government schools of the 2nd district of Rasht city in the academic year of 2024-2025, that among them 200 students from four non-governmental girls' and boys' schools, selected as samples by convenience sampling to answer the following questionnaires: Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q; Yildirim & Correia, 2015), Media Literacy Questionnaire (Falsafi, 2014), Short Form of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; McCrae & Costa, 1992), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT; Young, 1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis and the bootstrap test. The results showed that personality traits and media literacy had a direct and significant effect on nomophobia. The findings also indicated that personality traits except extraversion had a direct and significant effect on internet addiction. In addition, the indirect effect of personality traits on nomophobia through Internet addiction was significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that internet addiction mediated the effect of personality traits on nomophobia; however, the mediating role of internet addiction in the relationship between media literacy and nomophobia was not statistically significant.

Abstract Introduction
Emotional intimacy is a central element of close relationships, and difficulties in expressing intimacy often result in fear of intimacy, which contributes to psychological distress and relational problems (Thelen et al., 2000; Finzi-Dottan & Abadi, 2024). Object relations theory emphasizes that early relational experiences shape later interpersonal patterns (St. Clair & Wigren, 2000), and experiences of rejection in childhood may heighten rejection sensitivity, which has been consistently linked to intimacy difficulties (Downey et al., 2005; Shahabi et al., 2021; Senese et al., 2020; Ashdown et al., 2020). Based on this framework, the present study investigated whether rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between object relations and fear of intimacy.

Method
This study adopted a descriptive–correlational design with structural equation modeling (SEM). The population consisted of adults aged 18–50 in Tehran during 2023. Following Klein’s (2005) recommendations, 252 participants were recruited through convenience sampling, with 247 valid responses analyzed. Data were collected using Bell’s Object Relations Inventory (1995), the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996), and the Fear of Intimacy Scale (Descutner & Thelen, 1991). All instruments showed acceptable internal consistency, and analyses were conducted with AMOS 24.
Results
Findings showed that object relations had significant direct effects on both rejection sensitivity and fear of intimacy. Rejection sensitivity also exerted a significant direct effect on fear of intimacy, and Sobel test results confirmed its mediating role. Model fit indices indicated that the proposed model was adequate. These results demonstrate that object relations influence fear of intimacy both directly and indirectly through rejection sensitivity.

Discussion
The results are consistent with previous research linking object relations and rejection sensitivity to intimacy difficulties (Shahabi et al., 2021; Senese et al., 2020; Ashdown et al., 2020). According to object relations theory, insecure or rejecting early experiences may become internalized, leading individuals to expect rejection and avoid closeness in adulthood (Summers, 2024). Identifying rejection sensitivity as a mediator highlights clinical implications: interventions aimed at reducing rejection sensitivity may help individuals with insecure attachment histories form healthier intimate relationships. However, the reliance on convenience sampling and the restricted age range limit generalizability. Future studies should explore additional variables such as attachment style, emotion regulation, and trauma history. Overall, this study underscores the importance of object relations and rejection sensitivity in shaping fear of intimacy and offers valuable directions for both clinical practice and future research.

Abstract Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders among adolescents, which can have profound and long-lasting effects on their mental health and quality of life. During this sensitive period, significant hormonal, social, and cognitive changes expose adolescents to various stresses that can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. According to research, the rate of depression among adolescents is increasingly on the rise, raising serious concerns for mental health professionals and families. Depression during adolescence adolescence may show little interest in new activities and may no longer enjoy activities that were previously pleasant and enjoyable for them. They might also face academic problems, aggressive or anti-social behavior patterns (Mohammadi et al, 2012), it may lead to more severe disorders in adulthood. The relationship between spirituality and religion with mental health and well-being is not a new topic. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on religion and mental health (Allipour, 2019).
Religious beliefs provide a new perspective on the world for individuals with depression, fostering a kind of spiritual attachment. In fact, if we consider recovery as a liberation from the symptoms of illness and, on a broader level, as progress along the path of growth and perfection toward the realization of human potential, then religion and the teachings of Islam—being the most complete divine religion—possess a high capacity to harmonize and integrate the framework of a person's character and psyche, and to imbue life with meaning and purpose (Mehrabizadeh, Hashemi & Besaknejad, 2011). One of the most influential factors on depression, which also plays a key role in the selection and effectiveness of treatment methods, is individuals' religious and spiritual beliefs (Hook et al, 2010). Individuals' religious beliefs, given their influence on choosing coping strategies, can lead to a reduction in the symptoms of depression and accelerate recovery (Murphy et al, 2000). In this context, group counseling has emerged as an effective method for reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing mental health among adolescents. This approach, grounded in Islamic ethical principles and the strengthening of faith, can assist adolescents in facing psychological challenges and enhance their sense of hope and satisfaction.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of hope and self-efficacy in the relationship between impulsivity and self-injurious behaviors in students. This study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students of Semnan University in the academic year 2023-2024, from which 330 people were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools included the self-injurious behaviors questionnaire, impulsivity scale, hope scale, and general self-efficacy scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and SPSS 26 and AMOS 22 software. The results showed that impulsivity is positively and significantly related to self-injurious behaviors. Also, hope and self-efficacy played a significant mediating role in this relationship, such that a decrease in the level of hope and self-efficacy strengthens the effect of impulsivity on self-injurious behaviors. The proposed model had a good fit. Based on the findings of this study, individuals with high impulsivity are more likely to engage in self-harming behaviors due to reduced hope and self-efficacy. Therefore, it is suggested that therapeutic and preventive interventions should be designed with a focus on enhancing hope and self-efficacy in individuals with high impulsivity to prevent the occurrence of self-harming behaviors.Therefore, it is suggested that therapeutic and preventive interventions should be designed with a focus on enhancing hope and self-efficacy in individuals with high impulsivity to prevent the occurrence of self-harming behaviors.

Abstract Introduction
Depression is a common mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and suicidal thoughts. It profoundly impacts functioning and well-being. In severe cases, depression is accompanied by intense shame and suicidal ideation. Shame plays a significant role in the onset and progression of depression. Two effective approaches are the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. This study compares their effectiveness on shame and suicidal ideation in depressed patients.
Method
This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, control group, and one-month follow-up. The population included depressed individuals visiting three clinics in Shiraz during summer 2023. From 112 individuals, 45 were selected based on a cutoff score of 19 on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1996) and randomly assigned to three groups of 15. Due to attrition, each group decreased to 11. All three groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Experience of Shame Scale (Andrews et al., 2002), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck, 1961). The Unified Protocol group received 12 sessions and the DBT group 11 sessions (90 minutes each). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
Both interventions significantly reduced shame (F = 14.310, df = 1.603, P < .001) and suicidal ideation (F = 23.789, df = 1.146, P < .001) compared to the control group. These effects remained at follow-up for shame (Time × Group: F = 6.609, df = 3.206, P < .01) and suicidal ideation (F = 7.101, df = 2.292, P < .01). No significant difference was found between the two interventions (P > .05). Both groups showed significant reductions from pre-test to post-test and follow-up but not between post-test and follow-up, indicating stable effects.
Discussion
Both Unified Protocol and DBT effectively reduced shame and suicidal ideation with sustained effects. Their shared focus on emotional acceptance may explain similar outcomes. Limitations include small sample size and single-city recruitment. Future studies should use larger samples.

Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of child oriented unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment on sleep disorders and feelings of loneliness in 7- to 11-year-old children with grief experience. The current study was a experimental application with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included children aged 7 to 11 who had experienced grief and were studying in Isfahan during the 2024-2025 academic year. In this research, 36 children were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 children in the experimental group and 18 children in the control group). The children in the experimental group received the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment during ten weeks in ten 75-minute sessions. Children's Grief Questionnaire (CGQ), Children's Loneliness Questionnaire (CLQ) and Child Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (CSDQ) were used in the present study. The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that child oriented unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment has significant effect on the sleep disorders (p<0.0001) and feelings of loneliness (p<0.0001) in children with grief experience. The current study was a experimental application with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included children aged 7 to 11 who had experienced grief and were studying in Isfahan during the 2024-2025 academic year. In this research, 36 children were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 children in the experimental group and 18 children in the control group). The children in the experimental group received the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment during ten weeks in ten 75-minute sessions. Children's Grief Questionnaire (CGQ), Children's Loneliness Questionnaire (CLQ) and Child Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (CSDQ) were used in the present study. The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that child oriented unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment has significant effect on the sleep disorders (p<0.0001) and feelings of loneliness (p<0.0001) in children with grief experience.

Abstract Aim: The present study was conducted to developing a psycho-emotional empowerment training package and examining its effectiveness on emotional self regulation in people with panic syndrome.
Methods: The research method of the present study was analysis thematic through comparative method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period in the quantitative part. The statistical population in the qualitative section included relevant sources and people with panic syndrome (under semi-structured interviews); and in the quantitative section included people with panic syndrome referring to counseling centers in Shiraz in the summer of 2024. 36 people with panic syndrome were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 people per group). The individuals in the experimental group received the cognitive-psychological empowerment package in eight sessions. Panic Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ) and Emotional Self Regulation Questionnaire (ESRQ) were used in this research. The data from the study were analyzed through analysis of covariance via SPSS23 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that psycho-emotional empowerment training package enjoys a suitable content validity from the experts’ viewpoint. Moreover, this package also had a significant effect on emotional self regulation in people with panic syndrome at the post-test (P<0.0001). These results were also stable at the follow-up stage.
Conclusion: Accordingly, it can be said that the psycho-emotional empowerment package using the management of excessive worries, providing anger control techniques, awareness of the functioning of emotions, training in changing cognitive appraisals, skills to tolerate emotions and negative thoughts, and mindfulness techniques can be used as an efficient method to increace emotional self regulation in people with panic syndrome.
Aim: The present study was conducted to developing a psycho-emotional empowerment training package and examining its effectiveness on emotional self regulation in people with panic syndrome.
Methods: The research method of the present study was analysis thematic through comparative method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period in the quantitative part. The statistical population in the qualitative section included relevant sources and people with panic syndrome (under semi-structured interviews); and in the quantitative section included people with panic syndrome referring to counseling centers in Shiraz in the summer of 2024. 36 people with panic syndrome were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 people per group). The individuals in the experimental group received the cognitive-psychological empowerment package in eight sessions. Panic Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ) and Emotional Self Regulation Questionnaire (ESRQ) were used in this research. The data from the study were analyzed through analysis of covariance via SPSS23 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that psycho-emotional empowerment training package enjoys a suitable content validity from the experts’ viewpoint. Moreover, this package also had a significant effect on emotional self regulation in people with panic syndrome at the post-test (P<0.0001). These results were also stable at the follow-up stage.
Conclusion: Accordingly, it can be said that the psycho-emotional empowerment package using the management of excessive worries, providing anger control techniques, awareness of the functioning of emotions, training in changing cognitive appraisals, skills to tolerate emotions and negative thoughts, and mindfulness techniques can be used as an efficient method to increace emotional self regulation in people with panic syndrome.

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of paradoxical therapy in reducing symptoms of prolonged grief and rumination. This research was conducted as a clinical single-case study, using purposive sampling. The client was a 32 year old woman diagnosed with prolonged grief disorder for more than four years, who received treatment at the Psychology Clinic of the University of Tehran. The study employed a baseline–intervention–follow-up design. The therapeutic intervention consisted of four individual sessions based on the principles of paradoxical therapy, with an emphasis on the analytic–paradoxical framework and the use of techniques such as free association and paradoxical scheduling. Assessment tools included a diagnostic interview, the Grief Experience Inventory (GEI), and the Nolen Hoeksema and Morrow Rumination Scale. Findings indicated a marked reduction in the severity of grief symptoms and a sustained improvement in rumination. Additionally, positive changes in emotion regulation, emotional self awareness, and the reconstruction of meaning related to the loss were evident in the client’s reports and the therapist’s evaluations. The results suggest that the paradoxical therapy model was highly effective. Therapeutic gains were maintained at levels exceeding 80% at both the two month and six month follow ups, with no evidence of relapse. Based on these findings, paradoxical therapy may be considered a promising and effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of prolonged grief.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the Blueprint for Happiness Program on psychological well-being and happiness of male students in the second grade high school. This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a three-month follow-up and a control group. The statistical population of the research included male students in the second cycle of high school in Sabzevar city in the academic year 2024-2025. In this research, 80 participants were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (40 students in each group). The experimental group received the Blueprint for Happiness Program in 5 two-hour sessions. The research instruments included the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB) and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that the Blueprint for Happiness Program had a significant effect on psychological well-being and happiness of male students (p < 0.001). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Blueprint for Happiness Program, by simultaneously strengthening affective (happiness) and eudaimonic (psychological well-being) components, is an effective and sustainable intervention for promoting students' flourishing in educational environments.

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and the tendency to commit marital infidelity with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity. Method: This was a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included students at Tabriz University in the academic year 1403-1404, and 200 people were selected based on proportional random sampling and according to the minimum sample size required for structural equation analysis. After removing incomplete questionnaires and outliers, the final data were analyzed. The research tools included the Carver and White Inhibition-Activation Behavioral System Questionnaire (1994), Whatley's Infidelity Propensity Questionnaire (2008), and Rice et al.'s Anxiety Sensitivity Scale (1986). Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that the behavioral activation system had a negative relationship with anxiety sensitivity (r=-0.21, p<0.01) and a positive relationship with the tendency to infidelity (r=0.39, p<0.01). The behavioral inhibition system also had a positive relationship with anxiety sensitivity (r=0.27, p<0.01) and a negative relationship with the tendency to infidelity (r=-0.34, p<0.01). Anxiety sensitivity also had a significant negative relationship with the tendency to infidelity (r=-0.50, p<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity and indicate that strengthening emotion regulation skills and reducing emotional vulnerabilities can reduce the tendency to infidelity and help improve emotional relationships in academic environments.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of academic enthusiasm in the relationship between problem-solving skills and academic achievement, as well as to identify the factors influencing academic enthusiasm among upper secondary school students, employing a mixed-methods research design with a sequential explanatory approach. In this applied, descriptive-analytical study, the findings from both the quantitative and qualitative phases were integrated to provide a more comprehensive picture of the relationships among the research variables and their underlying determinants. The statistical population comprised all upper secondary school students in Minab County, totalling 4,406 individuals. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, a sample of 351 students was selected through stratified random sampling for the quantitative phase, while 16 participants were purposively selected for the qualitative phase, continuing until data saturation was achieved. Data collection instruments in the quantitative phase consisted of three standardized questionnaires: Hepner and Petersen's Problem-Solving Skills, Pham and Taylor's Academic Achievement, and Gunuc and Kuzu's Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaires. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were utilized. For data analysis, structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS) was employed for the quantitative phase, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The results indicated that academic enthusiasm played a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between problem-solving skills and academic achievement (β = 0.450, P< 0.05, t>1.96). Furthermore, the qualitative findings revealed seven categories of influential factors pertaining to academic enthusiasm: (1) school-related factors, (2) individual psychological factors, (3) the role of educational technology, (4) the role of the community outside school, (5) the role of metacognitive strategies, (6) the role of economic factors, and (7) the role of physical health, all of which were identified as effective in this process. Given the mediating role of academic enthusiasm, it is recommended that teachers and educational counselors focus on enhancing these influential factors to facilitate the improvement of students' academic achievement.

Abstract Objective: Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder often worsened by psychological factors like stress, which can trigger and intensify attacks. This study examined the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) in reducing perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among individuals with migraine symptoms, given that pharmacological treatments alone rarely address these psychosocial dimensions.

Method: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group and one‑month follow‑up was used. Thirty participants from Tabriz with migraine symptoms were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) receiving six 90‑minute CFT sessions or a control group (n=15) receiving no intervention. Perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, and emotional exhaustion via the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscale.

Findings: Repeated‑measures ANOVA revealed significant group‑by‑time interactions. The experimental group showed substantially greater reductions in both perceived stress and emotional exhaustion at posttest compared to controls (p < 0.001). These improvements were maintained at the one‑month follow‑up, with large effect sizes (partial η² > 0.14), indicating strong clinical relevance.

Conclusion: CFT proves to be an effective and durable adjunctive psychological intervention for alleviating stress and emotional exhaustion in migraine patients. By fostering self‑compassion, CFT reduces emotional reactivity and maladaptive coping, thereby complementing standard medical care. The sustained gains support integrating CFT into comprehensive migraine management to address the psychological burden of the condition. However, the small sample size and single‑site design limit generalizability. Future research with larger, more diverse populations and active control groups is needed to confirm these promising results and explore mechanisms of change. Nonetheless, these findings underscore the value of psychosocial care in headache medicine and suggest that CFT can be a practical, low‑cost addition to existing treatment protocols, improving overall patient well‑being and quality of life.

Abstract This study examined the effectiveness of an integrative intervention combining motivational interviewing and metacognitive skills training on academic goal orientation and school engagement among twelfth-grade students. Given the declining motivation and engagement observed in final-year secondary students, particularly in high-stakes educational contexts, interventions addressing both motivational and cognitive processes are critically needed. A quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up assessments was employed with a control group. The statistical population comprised all female twelfth-grade students in Shahrekord, Iran, during the 2025 academic year, from which 40 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received 12 weekly 60-minute sessions of the integrative intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using Bouffard's Academic Goal Orientation Questionnaire and Wang et al.'s School Engagement Scale, and analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA. Results demonstrated significant increases in both academic goal orientation (η²=0.53, p<0.001) and school engagement (η²=0.75, p<0.001) in the experimental group compared to controls, with effects maintained at two-month follow-up. The significant Group × Time interactions confirmed differential change patterns between groups. These findings suggest that the synergistic combination of motivational interviewing—which addresses the "why" of learning through enhancing intrinsic motivation, autonomy, and commitment—and metacognitive skills training—which addresses the "how" of learning through planning, monitoring, and self-regulation strategies—creates a self-reinforcing cycle of motivation and skill development. The sustained intervention effects indicate that equipping students with both motivational resources and practical learning strategies facilitates durable changes in academic attitudes and behaviors. This integrative approach offers a promising evidence-based strategy for school counselors and educational psychologists seeking to enhance academic motivation, prevent disengagement, and support student success during the critical transition period of upper secondary education. However, findings should be interpreted considering limitations including the relatively small sample size, gender-restricted population, reliance on self-report measures, and two-month follow-up period. Future research should examine this intervention with diverse populations, extended follow-up durations, and objective academic outcome measures to further establish its efficacy and generalizability

Abstract Positive and negative childhood experiences, along with the ways of processing the emotions associated with them, can play an important role in the formation and persistence of psychological symptoms in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the moderating role of benevolent childhood experiences in the relationship between childhood trauma experience and psychological symptoms among university students. The present study was a descriptive-correlational investigation of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, in the first semester of the 2025–2026 academic year. The sample comprised 424 students (304 female and 120 male) who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and completed the research instruments, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006), and the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (Narayan et al., 2018). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 statistical software. The results of the Sobel test indicated confirmation of the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between childhood trauma experience and psychological symptoms. However, the results of partial correlation and the interaction effect in examining the moderating role of benevolent childhood experiences were not significant (P>0.05). Accordingly, it is suggested that mental health professionals, in designing educational and preventive interventions to address psychological symptoms, while considering the lasting and multidimensional effects of childhood trauma, pay special attention to strategies such as strengthening benevolent experiences and employing adaptive emotion regulation strategies.

Abstract Introduction
According to the World Health Organization (2021), for every 100,000 people in the world, about 12 people die by suicide every year, and this rate will remain constant until 2030. The latest reports indicate that the suicide rate in Iran is estimated at 6.8%, which is lower than the global rate and ranks 58th among countries in the world, and on average, about 10 suicides occur in Iran every day. Among the provinces, the highest suicide rate in the provinces of Ilam, Hamedan, Kohgiluyeh, Boyer Ahmad and Kermanshah respectively. Suicide attempt is defined as engaging in potentially self-injurious behavior in which there is at least the intent to die. The suicide attempt of married women is related to many socio-economic, cultural, physical, psychological and environmental factors that can act as potential stressors. For example, women experience limited autonomy, systematic discrimination, low social status, gender inequality, financial dependence, gender-based violence, and lack of education and opportunities, which may exert higher or different psychosocial stressors. This study thematic analyzed the marital relationships of married women attempting suicide in Boyer-Ahmad County.

Method
This qualitative research has analyzed the experience of suicide attempters with the thematic approach and the Colaizzi method. A theme is a phrase or extended statement that specifies what a unit of data means and is about. Some researchers consider theme to be an acceptable replacement for terms such as category, phrase, and unit of analysis, stating that theme is an abstract term that gives meaning to a structured (repeated) experience and its various manifestations. Unlike most existing approaches to content analysis, which are usually based on predetermined categories, theme analysis allows themes to be extracted from the heart of the data. The statistical population included 200 married women covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Boyer-Ahmad County who had an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Using purposive sampling, the following inclusion criteria were used to select participants in this study: 1) They were volunteers to participate in the study and had the necessary ability to express their experiences, 2) The participants were married and had at least two years of experience living together, 3) Both couples were residents of Yasuj, 4) They had an unsuccessful suicide attempt during their relationship, and 5) Their suicide attempt was confirmed by relevant authorities (such as social emergency services and hospitals). Exclusion criteria included: their husband's lack of consent for the interview and a long history of hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals. In order to ensure data validity, there was continuous communication with the subject, research data, and participants; in addition, the initial extracted codes were reviewed and approved by experienced and specialized individuals (including two psychologists, two sociologists, two doctoral students, and a qualitative analyst), and the final decision regarding codes that did not fit into a category was made by a university faculty member (including the supervisor).
Results
The results showed that 73.3% of married women who committed suicide attempted suicide more than once; "pill poisoning", "hanging" and "self-immolation" methods were common respectively methods to get rid of themselves. The analysis of the interviews showed that the elements and components of marital relationships affecting the suicide of married women include the following six main themes: lack of support, betrayal, violence, weak communication skills, and psychological disorders.

Discussion
A study of the couple relationships of women who attempt suicide showed that different components and variables can be influential, but the most obvious of them can be considered the breakdown of emotional relationships and the loss of the thread of trust between the couple. Couples who are in such situations show greater vulnerability and ultimately suffer irreparable consequences. Therefore, training in emotional skills and problem-solving for vulnerable couples can be the focus of attention. According to the three-stage theory of "ideation for suicide attempt", four factors play a decisive role in suicide attempts, one of which is lack of attachment; this theory well explains the lack of emotional dependence (love) of couples to each other, which is the basis for suicide attempts, and can provide a solution in this regard.

Keywords: Marital Relationships, Married Women, Thematic Analysis, Suicide attempt.

Abstract هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تعیین اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر تنظیم هیجان بر نشخوار ذهنی، انعطاف‌ناپذیری شناختی، شرم بیرونی و عواطف منفی در دختران نوجوان دارای نشانه‌های اختلال بدریخت‌انگاری بدنی بود. پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل دختران نوجوان 16 تا 18 ساله دارای نشانه‌های اختلال بدریخت‌انگاری بدنی در شهر تبریز در سال تحصیلی 1404-1405 بود. ابتدا 300 دانش‌آموز از دو مدرسه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب و با استفاده از مقیاس ییل-براون وسواس فکری-عملی برای اختلال بدریخت‌انگاری بدنی (Y-BOCS-BDD؛ Phillips et al., 1997) غربالگری شدند. پس از غربالگری، دانش‌آموزانی که نمره بالاتر از 20 کسب کردند شناسایی شدند و 40 نفر از افراد واجد شرایط که برای ادامه همکاری اعلام آمادگی کردند، وارد مطالعه شدند و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (هر گروه 20 نفر) قرار گرفتند. در جریان پژوهش، 4 نفر از شرکت‌کنندگان ریزش کردند و در نهایت داده‌های 36 نفر (18 نفر در هر گروه) در تحلیل نهایی وارد شد. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل مقیاس پاسخ‌های نشخواری، مقیاس انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی، مقیاس شرم بیرونی و خرده‌مقیاس عاطفه منفی از مقیاس عاطفه مثبت و منفی بود. گروه آزمایش درمان مبتنی بر تنظیم هیجان بر اساس رویکرد Gross (2002) را طی 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای دریافت کرد، در حالی که گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. پس از پایان درمان، از هر دو گروه پس‌آزمون به عمل آمد. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره و نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که درمان مبتنی بر تنظیم هیجان موجب کاهش معنادار نشخوار ذهنی، انعطاف‌ناپذیری شناختی، شرم بیرونی و عواطف منفی در گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل شد (F(4, 27)=21.46، p<0.001، ηp²=0.76).

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-esteem in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and nomophobia. The research method was descriptive–correlational based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of upper-secondary school students in Kermanshah, from whom 480 students were selected using cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Nomophobia Questionnaire (Yildirim & Correia), the Attachment Styles Scale (Collins & Read), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Bjureberg et al.), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings indicated that anxious attachment style was significantly related to nomophobia both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-esteem (p < .05). In contrast, avoidant attachment style did not have a significant direct effect on nomophobia, but its indirect effect through the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-esteem was significant. Fit indices also indicated that the empirical model had an acceptable fit. Moreover, the coefficient of determination of the model showed that the predictor variables could explain 53% of the variance in nomophobia. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that preventive and educational interventions be designed and implemented with the aim of managing smartphone use and identifying the predisposing factors of nomophobia, including insecure attachment styles. These interventions can focus on strengthening emotion regulation skills and promoting adaptive patterns of smartphone use, with the goal of reducing nomophobia and preventing its associated psychological consequences.

Abstract Introduction
Suicidal behaviors and self-harmful are one of the phenomena that has created a major challenge for mental health. Self-assessment in adolescents usually expresses high psychological distress. The prevalence of this problem indicates adolescents’ discontent, that has lots of effects on the other family members and friends. Self-assessment without suicide intention is actually self-employed or any kind of action that harms a person, but in this person, there is no intention to die, and ultimately, suicide behavior is without the intention of suicide, which causes suicide without having a person to finish his life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents to answer the questions of if the dialectical treatment affects the beatings and tolerance of distress.
Method
The present study was a quasi-experiment with pretest post-test with control group and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents referring to Bandar Abbas counseling clinics with a history of self-harmful behaviors. In this study, 30 patients were selected by voluntary and targeted non-targeted sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) experimental group of dialectics treatment in 12 sessions of 2 hours received. The questionnaires used in this study included self-harmful behaviors questionnaire (Klonsky & Glenn, 2009) and distress tolerance questionnaire (Simmons and Gahr, 2005). Data from the research was analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA.
Results
The results showed that Dialectical behavior therapy based on Dimeff and Linehan (2008) therapy package on the experimental group has been effective in beating and tolerating distress in adolescents, since this treatment has been successful in improving self-harmful behaviors and tolerance of distress. Also, the results showed that dialectical behavioral therapy remained fixed on self-harmful behaviors and distress tolerance in adolescents in follow-up stage
Discussion
According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that dialectical behavioral therapy can be used as an effective therapeutic treatment for improving the behavior of self-esteem and tolerance in adolescents with a history of self-regulation by educating the skills of excitement, tolerance of distress, conscious mind are being used. Dialectical behavior training can be effective in reducing self-control behaviors. The results of this study with the findings of Chesli et al (2020), Abooutorabi Kashani et al (2020), Saffarinia et al (2015), zamani (2014), ghorbani (2018), Tabatabayi (2021), alavi (2012), Peymannia et al (2019) is a coherent research. Explaining the findings, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes learning resilience against pain in a skillful way, and it can be concluded that disturbed behaviors that are targeted in teaching dialectical behavior therapy skills to endure and survive in crises. And accepting life as it is in the present moment, and these strategies in the form of turning attention (when engaging in self-harming behavior), calming down (in time of distress), improving the moment, and thinking about the benefits and harms of self-injurious behavior.

Abstract The purpose of this research was the validation of King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI-24) among students at university of Isfahan. Statistical population of the study was all students in academic year of 2008-2009, out of which 250 students were selected randomly. The research method was descriptive. The Data was analyzed by SPSS-15 & AMOS softwares, and its reliability of Chronbach's alpha was 0.88. Content and face validity of the scale were confirmed by the experts in psychology. For estimating concurrent validity, Gobari's Spiritual Experience Questionnaire was used and the alpha was 0.66. Exploratory factor analysis and first-order confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess construct validity. This study confirmed the three-factor of 24-item structure of SISRI. Findings showed that SISRI-24 is a valid scale for measuring spiritual intelligence. Regarding to its proper validity and reliability, this scale can be used in academic settings.

Abstract Abstract
Due to the difficulty in emotion regulation and executive functions of obese adolescents, psychological interventions have a great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-regulation training on weight control, executive functions and emotion regulation in overweight and obese adolescents. The research design was semi-experimental with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of obese and overweight adolescents in Isfahan who referred to health centers in Isfahan in 1398. Samples were selected by convenience sampling from those referring to health centers in Isfahan. Research tools including Gratz and Romer (2004) emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire, Wisconsin and Stroop test were used to measure executive functions. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis showed that self-regulation training was effective on participants' BMI, emotion regulation, and executive functions. However, BMI as the second independent variable was not effective in the results of the study. Behavioral regulation training is effective on body mass index, emotion regulation, and executive functions regardless of participants' level of obesity and overweight. According to the research results, it can be concluded that self-regulatory training can improve weight control, executive functions and emotion regulation of obese and overweight adolescents. These results can be explained as self-regulatory training has skills and exercises that it is closely related to eating behavior, emotion regulation, and executive functions.

Abstract Mindfulness in psychotherapy research has been conceptualized as an enhanced state of self-awareness thought to promote well-being. In this research, the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in reducing anxiety and depression in high school students was studied.This research was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The subjects included 40 high school male students in Khorramabad city. At the outset, the test of anxiety and depression was administered to 420 students. Those students who had disappointing scores in the test were selected and administrated to clinical interview. Among them, 20 students were randomly assigned to experimental group and 20 other students to control group. The experimental group received group mindfulness training for 8 sessions as each session lasted 90 minutes (one session each week). Upon the completion of the training, a posttest was administrated to both groups.Results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant decrease in anxiety and depression in the experimental group compared with the control group. Besides, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness increased psychological health in adolescents (p<0/01).  

Abstract The present study was conducted intending to take into account the mediating work-family conflict role in relation with stress and social support with job and family satisfaction. Study samples included 203 industrial factory personnel selected through convenience sampling in Ahvaz over 2014. In this study, which is a descriptive endeavor of a correlational nature , participants filled in the job stress scale (Parkers & Decotis, 1983), the perceived organizational support survey (Eisenberger, et al., 1997), the job in general scale (Ironson, et al., 1989), the family stress questionnaire (Hennessy, 2005), the perceived social support-family scale (Procidano & Heller, 1983), the family satisfaction scale (Aryee, et al., 1999), and the work-family conflict scale (Carlson, et al., 2000). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the suggested pattern and the bootstrapping method was used to test the mediating effect and it was performed via AMOS. Structural equation modeling indices confirmed general study patterns. Among the relations, only the direct relation of job stress and perceived organizational support were deleted from pattern 1 (work-family conflict mediation). The fitting indices obtained showed that the corrected pattern was of good fitness. Results from the bootstrapping method and the confidence distance from it showed that the work-family conflict completely mediates between job stress and perceived organizational support with family satisfaction and family-work conflict is a partial mediator between family stress and perceived family support with job satisfaction. Thus, job stress and perceived organizational support affect family satisfaction only through work-family conflict, while in the family, family stress and perceived family support directly affect job satisfaction through family-work conflict. Therefore, organizations are not only able to manage conflicts generated between work and the family, but can satisfy personnel with the job itself and the family can apply suitable approaches to reduce their own personnel stress and increase their support.

Abstract Brand is among invaluable intellectual asset for ventures impressing their function in the market. Orientation with the brand personality impetus over consumers behavior may assist managers in business and traders set up better plas establish influensive marks and signs outshowing consistent effects on orderers concepts leading them maximising optimum interests, lucrative that is due to researches manifested procurers prefer brands congruent with their characters. The actual quest probes into this topic by collecting data through implementing three questionnaires hierarchically: Big five model (NEO), Brand personality questionnaire and loyalty questionnaire. A number of 391 students from Ahvaz Shahid Chamran university were ad hoc participants in this investigation deploying pearson regression solidarity tests analysed revealing significant correlation between conscientious prestige and fanaticism open toward merit brand experience. That is likewise for disclosed experience and queer verity brand. Further between disclosed personality loyal to brand and queer verity merit prestige that concludes with the outcome of significant inter relation amongst all affective and active loyalty with brand characteristics.

Abstract The aim of this research was determining the role of attachment style in social phobia regarding the meditating effects of self-esteem. The participants were 201 female students in the University of Tabriz who were selected through multistage cluster sampling and completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (AAQ) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RESS). The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data analysis showed that the measured model fit the data properly. Secure attachment style and self-esteem had a positive role in the variation of social phobia. Insecure and avoidant attachment styles had a negative and notable effect on the variations of social phobia. Also, secure attachment style had a positive and insecure and avoidant attachment styles had a negative role in determining self-esteem, and self-esteem had a negative and meaningful effect in social phobia. Based on the obtained results, we can say that social phobia is influenced by interfamily factors, especially affective relationships with relatives, and these relationships are able to affect one’s images of oneself.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on depression, anxiety and quality of life in cancer patients in Ahvaz Big Oil Hospital. The original sample included 60 patients who were selected by matching method. Then 30 patients who scored one standard deviation above the mean in Anxiety Inventory (ANQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) & Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ–C30) were selected randomly and divided into two groups (experimental and control). Then 10 sessions of group logotherapy were held for experimental group, but the control group received no intervention. Also MANCOVA was used for analyzing the data. The results revealed that there were significant differences between two groupe on variables (p < 0.001). The depression and anxiety of experimental group were significantly decreased comparing to control group. Also, the quality of life was significantly increased in experimental group in comparison to control group. So, using logotherapy for cancer patients is recommended.