نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 دکترای تخصصی روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
4 مربی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
5 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
نظام تعلیم و تربیت نیز همانند سایر نظام‌ها دارای اصول و ویژگی‌های خاص خود است. یکی از ویژگی‌های اساسی و لاینفک آن ارزشیابی و ارائه بازخوردهای سودمند است، که به واسطه آن می‌توان به تعیین اهداف مهم آموزش و از آن جمله، بررسی نیازهای مهم در رابطه با زبان آموزی پرداخت. هدف اصلی این پژوهش تعیین اثربخشی بازخوردهای اصلاحی (کتبی و کلامی) معلمان در ارزشیابی‌های تکوینی بر میزان تاب‌آوری تحصیلی و معنای تحصیل دانش‌آموزان پسر پایه نهم متوسطه اول در درس زبان انگلیسی در شهر خرم‌آباد بود. این پژوهش به صـورت نیمه‌تجربی بود که در آن از طرح پیش‌آزمون - پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل استفاده شد. نمونه پژوهش 40 دانش آموز بود که به روش تصادفی خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در گروه آزمایشی و گروه کنترل گمارده شدند. گروه آزمایشی طی 12 جلسه تحت مداخله بازخوردهای اصلاحی (کتبی و کلامی) معلمان در ارزشیابی‌های تکوینی قرار گرفتند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه معنای تحصیل هندرسون – کینگ و اسمیت و تاب‌آوری تحصیلی ساموئلز استفاده شد. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل کواریانس چندمتغیری تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو گروه نشان داد. بنابراین می‌توان گفت که ارائه بازخوردهای کتبی و کلامی مبتنی بر مدل باتلر و وین می‌تواند مؤثر باشد و در صورتی که معلمان بعد از ارزشیابی‌های تکوینی از این مدل برای ارائه بازخورد استفاده کنند، می‌توانند سطح تاب‌آوری تحصیلی و معنای تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان را به طرز معنی‌داری افزایش دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Corrective Feedback (Written and Verbal) of Teachers in the Formative Evaluation on Educational Resiliency and Meaning of Education of Students
نویسندگان [English]
- Ezataleh Ghadampour 1
- mohmad Abbase 2
- Mehdi Yoosfvadn 3
- Banafsheh Hassanvand 4
- Hossein Hosseini 5
1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Iran
3 phd Candidate, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Iran
4 Instructor, Payame noor university, Tehran, Iran
5 M.A. Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
The system of education, like other systems, has its own principles and characteristics. One of the essential features of this evaluation is the provision of useful feedback, through which one can identify important educational goals and, among other things, examine the important needs for language learning. Unless appropriate feedback is given, students are reluctant, and desperate to overcome academic barriers. Understanding the factors that facilitate academic achievement can have implications for learning and education. On the other hand, the failure and weakness of students in learning English will reduce the resiliency of education and the meaning of education, so students do not learn English or try and retry to improve their performance in learning this language. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of corrective feedback (written and verbal) of teachers in formative evaluation on educational resiliency and meaning of education of ninth grade male students in Khorramabad city.
Method
This is a quasi-experimental study in which the pretest-posttest and control group was used. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2016-17. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the sample members. The sample consisted of 40 subjects selected by multistage cluster sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. The data were collected from questionnaires, namely, Meaning of Education of Henderson-King and Smith and Academic Resilience Scale of Samuels.
Results
Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of
covariance. Covariance analysis showed significant differences between the two groups. The results showed that there is a difference between the two groups at least in terms of one of the dependent variables. To find out this difference, a one way analysis of covariance analysis was performed. The results showed that the effect was equal to %59. Fifty-nine percent of the individual differences in the scores was from components of academic vibration and the meaning of education. The results of single-variable covariance showed that the effects of experimental intervention on increasing academic survival and the meaning of education were %61 and %59, respectively, meaning that %61 of the total variance of academic and %59 of the variance of the meaning of education were related to the effect of the experimental intervention.
Discussion
The proper corrective feedback function emphasizes improving student performance and enhances students' self-esteem in achieving goals and improving performance by utilizing a self-serving and empowering one, which increases productivity, effort and self-confidence. Effective written feedback to students, in addition to informing them about their weaknesses and strengths, also influences personality and motivation, in the way that the students come to believe that they are important. Thus it can be concluded that written and verbal feedback, suggested by Butler and Wine model, can be effective. If the teachers, in their formative assessment can provide feedback to the students, they can increase the level of their resiliency and meaning of education significantly.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Written and Verbal Feedback
- Formative Evaluation
- Academic Resiliency
- Meaning of Education
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