نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مریم ابراهیمی ¹
• محبوبه طاهر ²
• عباسعلی حسین خانزاده ³

¹ دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی روان‌شناسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران

² دانشیار، گروه روان شناسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران

³ استاد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تدوین بسته واقعیت‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش‌مثبت بی‌قید و شرط خود و تعیین اثربخشی آن بر کیفیت ارتباط‌والدین و ترس از ارزیابی‌منفی مادران فرزند با اختلالات طیف‌اوتیسم بود. روش پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون_پس‌آزمون و دوره پیگیری 2 ماهه، با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش مادران دارای فرزند مبتلا به اوتیسم شهر ساری در سال 1401-1400 بودند. تعداد 30 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و سپس به دو گروه آزمایش و گواه به صورت تصادفی جایدهی شدند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه 60 دقیقه‌ای مداخله واقعیت‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش‌مثبت بی‌قید و شرط خود را دریافت کرد و گروه گواه هیچ‌گونه مداخله‌ای دریافت نکردند. ابزار پژوهش پرسش‌نامه کیفیت روابط زناشویی کوندی و همکاران (2016) و مقیاس ترس از ارزیابی منفی توسط لیری (1983) بود. داده‌های گردآوری شده با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بسته واقعیت‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش‌مثبت بی‌قید و شرط خود از نظر متخصصان دارای روایی محتوایی کافی است. همچنین این بسته بر کیفیت ارتباط‌والدین، ترس از ارزیابی‌منفی مادران فرزند با اختلالات طیف‌اوتیسم تأثیر معنادار دارد (05/0>P). بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، بسته واقعیت‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش‌مثبت بی‌قید و شرط خود می‌تواند به عنوان یک روش کارآمد جهت بهبود کیفیت ارتباط‌والدین و کاهش ترس از ارزیابی‌منفی مادران فرزند با اختلالات طیف‌اوتیسم مورد استفاده گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• واقعیت‌درمانی
• پذیرش‌مثبت
• کیفیت ارتباط‌والدین
• ترس از ارزیابی‌منفی
• اختلالات طیف‌اوتیسم

موضوعات

• روان‌شناسی کودکان استثنایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

اثربخشی واقعیت‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش‌مثبت بی‌قید و شرط خود بر کیفیت ارتباط‌ والدین و ترس از ارزیابی‌منفی مادران دارای فرزند با اختلالات طیف‌اوتیسم

نویسندگان [English]

• Maryam Ebrahimi ¹
• Mahboobe Taher ²
• Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadeh ³

¹ . PhD Student in Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.

³ Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
It is clear that in order to empower the family institution, measures should be taken to prevent its stagnation and stagnation. The dynamic and constructive nature of relationships within the family can be a suitable platform for the development and growth of family members, and one of the solutions presented in this regard has always been a component of education. By informing the audience and then changing their attitude, the educational institution can remove the tension-causing and unpleasant patterns and ultimately lead to the satisfaction of the couples. Therefore, it was inevitable to prepare a new educational package suitable for the characteristics of mothers with children with autism. In order to achieve this purpose, it was necessary to examine the factors that weaken and strengthen the family institution in the current conditions and design educational content accordingly. Based on this, the present study seeks to answer the question, is the reality therapy package based on unconditional positive self-acceptance effective on the quality of parents' communication, fear of negative evaluation of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorders?

Method
This is a semi-experimental research of pre-test-post-test type and a 2-month follow-up period, with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of all mothers with children with autism in the city of Sari in 2021-2022. A number of 30 mothers were selected based on the entry and exit criteria with available sampling method. The sample size using G Power software and with criteria such as the expected effect size of 0.25, alpha level equal to 0.05, z rate equal to 1.96, test power equal to 0.80, the number of effect levels within A subject equal to 3 and the number of effect levels between subjects were selected equal to 3, and then they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Also, analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to check the research hypothesis. Statistical results were analyzed using SPSS-26 statistical software.
Results
The findings showed that the reality therapy package based on unconditional positive acceptance has sufficient content validity in the opinion of experts. Also, this package has a significant effect on the quality of parents' communication, fear of negative evaluation of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (P<0.05).

Discussion
The findings showed that the reality therapy package based on unconditional positive acceptance leads to an increase in the quality of parents' communication and a decrease in the fear of negative evaluation of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. And these changes have continued until the follow-up stage. Reality therapy based on unconditional positive self-acceptance helps mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders to be able to make more effective decisions and by accepting responsibility, identify dysfunctional behaviors that do not help to meet their needs and replace them with more effective options. to solve their emotional problems responsibly and improve their marital relationship by choosing their behaviors and thus become closer to each other, so as to increase the quality of their marital relationships and reduce their conflicts. Ultimately, it leads to the feeling in the person that, contrary to his negative and distorted thoughts, he is a person who is good enough and no longer worries about others' evaluation of him, reduces his negative and distorted thoughts and negative perceptions of himself and is less than Before, he is worried about people who think about him inappropriately and evaluate and judge him negatively; Therefore, by creating self-confidence and a pleasant feeling in people, it reduces the fear of negative evaluation by others.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Reality therapy
• positive acceptance
• quality of parents' communication
• fear of negative evaluation
• autism spectrum disorders