نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مشاوره‌ی شغلی دانشگاه اصفهان (نویسنده مسئول)

2 دانشیار دانشگاه اصفهان، گروه مشاوره

3 دانشیار دانشگاه کامرون، گروه تکنولوژی

چکیده

در سال‌های گذشته تحقیقات زیادی در خصوص مطالعه‌ی تعارض کار-خانواده، خانواده-کار، پیشایندها، پیامدها و تأثیر این تعارض بر افراد جامعه و سازمان‌ها انجام شده است اما تعداد کمی از پژوهش‌ها به بررسی تأثیر مدیریت تعارض کار-خانواده و خانواده-کار بر زندگی شغلی و خانوادگی افراد پرداخته‌اند. لذا این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش مدیریت تعارض کار-خانواده بر رضایت زناشویی زنان شاغل دانشگاه اصفهان انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی همراه با گروه آزمایش و کنترل است. نمونه پژوهش شامل 62 نفر از زنان شاغل دانشگاه اصفهان بودند که بطور تصادفی در گروه آزمایش(31 نفر) و گروه کنترل (31 نفر) جایگزین شدند. در ابتدای پژوهش میزان تعارض کار-خانواده، خانواده-کار و رضایت زناشویی در بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه تعارض کار-خانواده نت مایر و رضایت زناشویی اینریچ جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، تحلیل کواریانس و کواریانس چند متغیری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در گروه آزمایش به مدت 7 جلسه برنامه آموزش مدیریت تعارض اجرا گردید و مجدداً میزان تعارض کار-خانواده، خانواده-کار و رضایت زناشویی در بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. نتایج تفاوت معناداری را بین گروه در زمینه تعارض کار-خانواده، خانواده-کار و میزان رضایت زناشویی نشان داد (01/0< P). در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که با ارایه مداخلات لازم جهت کمک به کارکنان در تسهیل تعارض کار- خانواده و خانواده- کار می‌توان از عوارض سوء این تعارض بر زندگی خانوادگی آنها کاست و شاهد افزایش رضایت کارکنان از این بعد زندگی‌شان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Work-Family Conflict Management on Marital Satisfaction of Female Employees at Isfahan University

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Malekiha 1
  • M. R. Abedi 2
  • I. Baghban 2
  • A. Johari 3
  • M. Fatehizade 2

چکیده [English]

In recent years, much research has been done on work-family and family-work conflict, its antecedents, consequences and effects on individuals and organizations. However, few studies examined the effect of work-family conflict and family–work conflict management on individuals’ work and family life. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of work-family conflict management training on marital satisfaction of female employees at Isfahan University. This research is a true experimental design with experimental and control groups. The research sample consisted of 62 female employees at Isfahan University who were randomly divided into experimental (31 members) and control groups (31 members). As the first step of the research, work-family conflict, family–work conflict and marital satisfaction of experimental and control groups were measured. Data were collected using Tett and Meyer Work-Family Conflict questionnaire and Enrich Marital Satisfaction questionnaire and were later analyzed with descriptive statistic, analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance. In the experimental group, conflict management training was conducted in seven sessions and work-family and family–work conflicts as well as marital satisfaction were measured for a second time. Results revealed a significant difference between the groups in work-family and family-work conflicts and marital satisfaction (01/0 <P). In sum, it can be concluded that presenting necessary interventions to facilitate work-family and family-work conflicts of employees can reduce negative effects of this conflict on employees’ family life and can enhance their satisfaction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • work-family conflict
  • family-work conflict
  • Marital satisfaction
  • conflict management
  • multi role conflict
فارسی
امیرسالاری، یعقوب (1386). بررسی رابطه تعارض کار-خانواده و خانواده-کار بر رضایت شغلی و سلامت روان دبیران مقطع متوسطه استان فارس. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان.
رستگار خالد، امیر (1385). کار-خانواده- جنسیت. تهران، انتشارات شورای فرهنگی، اجتماعی زنان.
سلیمانیان، عنایت الله (1373). بررسی تأثیر تفکرات غیرمنطقی (بر اساس رویکرد شناختی) بر

نارضایتی زناشویی. پایان نامه کارشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
فاتحی‌زاده، مریم (1386). بررسی رابطه حمایت اجتماعی و تعارض کار-خانواده در زنان شاغل. فصلنامه مشاوره شغلی و سازمانی، دوره‌ی اول، سال اول، صص 11-3.
ملکیها، مرضیه (1387). بررسی اثربخشی مدیریت تعارض کار- خانواده بر کاهش تعارض کار-خانواده، رضایت شغلی و زناشویی زنان شاغل دانشگاه اصفهان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان.
لاتین
Adkins, C. L., & Premeaux, S. F. (2012). Spending time: The impact of hours worked on work- family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 380 - 389.
Allen, D. T., Johnson, R. C., Saboe, K. N., Cho, E., Dumani, S., & Evans, S. (2012). Dispositional variables and work- family conflict: A meta- analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 17-26.
Allen, T., Herst, D., Bruck, C., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 278-308.
Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Kinks to work-family conflict and job- related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28, 787 - 810.
Aryee, S. (1999). Role stressor enter role conflict and wellbeing. The moderating influence of spousal support and coping behaviors among employed parents in Hong Kong. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 259-278.
Aycan, Z. (2005). Relative contributions of child care, spousal support and organizational support in reducing work-family conflict for men and woman: The case of turkey. Sex roles. Journal of Resaerch, 57, 31-42.
Behson, S. J. (2005). The relative contribution of formal and informal organizational work-family support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 487-500.
Bender, L., & Heywood, G. (2005). Work-family culture and climate. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 215-232.
Boyar, S, L., Maertz, C. P. J., & Pearson, A., W. (2005). The effects of work-family conflict and family- work conflict on nonattachment behaviors. Journal of Business Research, 58, 919-925.
Bradbury, S., Fincham, K. M., & Beach, Z. (2000). Reducing work-family conflict through different sources of social support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 462-476.
Brummelhuis, L. L., Bakker, A. B., & Euwema, M. C. (2012). Is family-to-work interference related to co-workers work outcomes? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77, 461-469.
Carelson, D. S., & Frone, M. R. (2003). Relation of behavioral and psychological involvement to a new-factor conceptualization of work-family interference. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, 212 - 535.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work- family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 249-276.
Cohen, A., & Kirchmeryer, C. (2005). A cross-cultural study of the work/non-work interface among Israel nurses. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 537-567.
Day, A. L., & Chamberlain, T. C. (2006). Committing to your work, spouse, and children: Implications for work- family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 116-130.
Gottman, H. (1993). Role strain on working mothers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 31-43.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 79-88.
Gutek, B. A., Searle , S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role expectations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560- 568.
Hogan, N. L., Lambert, E. G., Jenkins, M., & Wambold, S. (2006). The impact of occupational stress on correctional staff organizational commitment. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 22 (1), 44-62.
IIies, R., Schwind, K., Wagner, D. T., Johnson, M., De Rue, D. S., & IIgen, D. R. (2007). When can employees have a family life? The effects of daily workload and affect on work-family conflict and social activates at home. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1368-1379.
Jonse, R., & Slone, K. (2004). Work, home: A longitudinal study of spillover. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 29-47.
Karatepe, O. M., & Uludag, O. (2008). Affectivity, conflicts in the work-family interface. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27 (1), 30-41.
Karatepe, O. M., & Baddar, L. (2006). An empirical study of the selected consequences of frontline employees work-family conflict and family work conflict. Tourism Management, 27, 1017-1028.
Korabik, K., Lero, D. S., & Whitehead, D. L. (2008). Handbook of work-family intergration: Research, theory, and best practices. Academic Press Whitehead, London.
Lapierre, L. M., & et al. (2008). Family-supportive organization perceptions, multiple dimensions of work-family conflict, and employee satisfaction: A test of model across five samples. Journal of Applied Psychology, 27, 23-35.
Ling, Y., & Powell, G. N. (2001). Work-family conflict in contemporary China: Beyond an American-based model. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 1 (3), 357-373.
Liu, J. Y., & Low, S. P. (2011). Work-family conflicts experienced by project managers in the Chinese construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 29, 117-128.
Magnus, J. M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2009). The role the coworker in reducing work-family conflict: A review and directions for future research. Pratiques Psychologiques, 5, 213- 224.
Matthews, R. A., Bulger, C. A., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2010). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 78-90.
McNamara, M., Bohle, P., & Quinlan, M. (2011). Precarious employment, working hours, work- life conflict and health in hotel work. Applied Ergonimics, 42, 225-232.
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work- to- family and family- to- work conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 215-232.
Michel, J. S., & Clark, M. A. (2009). Has it been affected all along? A test of work- to- family and family – to – work models of conflict, enrichment, and satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 163- 168.
Netemeyer, R. G., Maxham, J. G. I., & Pulling. C. (2005). Conflicts in the work- family interface: Links to job stress, customer service employee performance, and purchase intent. Journal of Marketing, 69, 130- 143.
Pisarski, A., Lawrence, S. A., Bohle, P., & Brook, C. (2008). Organizational influences on the work life conflict and health of shift workers. Applied Ergonomics, 39, 580-588.
Qu, H., & Zhoa, X. (2012). Eployees work-family moderating life and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 65, 22-28.
Rotondo, D. M., Carlson, D, S., & Kincaid , J. F. (2003). Coping with multiple dimensions of work-family conflict. Personnel Review, 32, 275-296.
Somechs, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2006). How to balance work-family conflict: Towards context specific coping strategy taxonomy. Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management., Atlanta.
Song, Z., Foo, M. D., & Uy, M. A. (2008). Mood spillover and crossover among dual-earner couples: A cell phone event sampling study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 443-452.
Thompson, C., A., & Prottas, D. J. (2005). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10 (4), 100-118.
Thompson, C. A., Poelmans, S. A. Y., Allen, T. D., & Andereassi, J. K. (2007). On theimportance of coping: A model and new directions for research on work and family. Researching occupational Stress and Well Being, 6, 73- 113.
Vercruyssen, A., Roose, H., & De Putte, B. V. (2011). Understimating busyness: Indicationas of nonresponse bias due to work- family conflict and time pressure. Social Science Research, 25, 1691-1701.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). Work, family, and Community: Exploring Interconnections. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
Warner, M., Slan-Jerusalim, R., Korabik, K. (2009). Backlash and support: Co-worker responses to work- family policies and practices. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 27, 41-52.
Westring, A. F., & Ryan, A. M. (2011). Anticipated work-family conflict: A construct investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 596-610.
Wilknson, S. J. (2008). Work-life balance in the Australian and New Zealand survey. Journal of Social Science, 26 (2), 120-130.
Wong, S. C.-K., & Ko, A. (2009).  Exploratory study of understanding hotel employee's perception on work-life balance issues. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 195-203.
Xie, Y. P. (2008). Research on work-family conflict of employees working abroad and coping strategies. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technonlogy, 26 (2), 13-17.
Yavas, U., Babakus, E., Karatepe, O. M. (2008). Attitudinal ad behavioral consequences of work –family conflict and family-work conflict: dose gender matter? International Journal of Service Industry Management, 19 (1), 7-31.