نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز (نویسنده مسئول)

3 استاد روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

هدف این تحقیق مقایسه و بررسی تأثیر درمان نوروفیدبک و دارو درمانی بر عملکرد مداوم در دانش‌آموزان پسر مبتلا به اختلال کمبودتوجه-بیش فعالی می‌باشد. روش این پژوهش از نوع طرح نیمه آزمایشی بود که در آن نمونه‌ای شامل 30 نفر از دانش‌آموزان پسر سنین 7 تا 14 سال مبتلا به اختلال کمبودتوجه-بیش فعالی شهر تبریز انتخاب و پس از جایگزینی تصادفی در دو گروه درمان نوروفیدبک و دارودرمانی، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. در فرایند اجرا، گروه نوروفیدبک به مدت 20 جلسه طی دو ماه تحت درمان نوروفیدبک قرار گرفت و گروه درمان دارویی در این مدت ریتالین مصرف کرد. نتایج اثربخشی هر دو درمان نوروفیدبک و دارودرمانی را در بهبود توجه و کاهش تکانشوری تأیید کرد. بین دو گروه درمانی در بهبود عملکرد مداوم تفاوت معنی‌داری یافت نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Comparison of Neurofeedback Treatment and Medication Effects on Continuum Performance Improvement in Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Y. Zargar 1
  • H. Vahedi 2
  • M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand 3
  • I. Davodi 1

چکیده [English]

Objective: This research compares the Neurofeedback treatment and medication effects on Continuum performance improvement in male students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: For this quasi-experimental method, 30 students (boys) with ADHD (ages 7-14) were randomly assigned to Neurofeedback treatment and medication groups. The Neurofeedback treatment group was treated in twenty 45-minute sessions for a period of 2 months and the medication group received Ritalin during that time. Results confirmed the efficacy of neurofeedback and medication in attention improvement and impulsivity reduction. No significant differences in Continuum performance improvement between the two treatment groups was found.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • neurofeedback
  • medication
فارسی
یعقوبی، حمید؛ جزایری، علیرضا؛ خوشابی، کتایون؛ دولتشاهی، بهروز و نیک نام، زهرا (1387). مقایسه اثربخشی نوروفیدبک، ریتالین و درمان ترکیبی در کاهش علایم کودکان مبتلا به اختلال بیش فعالی / کمبود توجه (ADHD). دانشور رفتار، 15(31). 84-71.
 
لاتین
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice Parameter (2007). Practice parameter for the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 894–921.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(4th ed., text review). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Bakhshayesh, A. R., Hänsch, S., Wyschkon, A., Rezai, M. J., & Esser, G. (2011). Neurofeedback in ADHD: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry; 20 (9): 481-91.
Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (2000). Treating AD/HD with hypnosis and neurotherapy. Child Study Journal, 30 (1), 25-42.
Brock, S. E., Jimerson S. R. & Hansen R. L. (2009). Identifying, Assessing, and Treating ADHD at School. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London, New York.
Brown, T. E. (2000). Attention-Deficit Disorders and Comorbidities in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Press.
Budzynski, T. H., Budzynski, H. K., Evans, J. R., & Abarbanel, A. (Eds.), (2009). Introduction to quantitative EEG and neurofeedback (2nd Ed.). NewYork: Academic Press.
Connor, D. F. (2006). Stimulants. InAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (R. A. Barkley, ed.), 3rd edition, pp. 608–648. New York: Guilford Press.
Connor, D. F., Fletcher, K. E., & Swanson, J. M. (1998). A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1551–1559.
Demaray, M., Schaefer, K., & Delong, L. (2003). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A national survey of training and current assessment practices in the schools. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 583–597.
Drechsler, R., Straub, M., Doehnert, M., Heinrich, H., Steinhausen, H., & Brandeis, D. (2007). Controlled evaluation of a neurofeedback training of slow cortical potentials in children with ADHD. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3, 35.
Ervin, R. A., Kern, L., Clarke, S., Du Paul, G. J., Dunlap, G., &Friman, P. C. (2000). Evaluating assessment-based intervention strategies for students with ADHD and comorbid disorders within the natural classroom context. Behavioral Disorders, 25, 344-358.
Fuchs, T., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Gruzelier, J. H. & Kaiser, J. (2003). Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 28 (1), 1–12.
Gevensleben, H., Holl, B., Albrecht B., Schlamp, D., Kratz, O., Studer, P., Rothenberger, A., Moll, G. H., & Heinrich, H. (2010). Neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: 6-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 19 (9), 715-724.
Gevensleben, H., Holl, B., Albrecht, B., Schlamp, D., Kratz, O., Studer, P., Wangler, S., Rothenberger, A., Moll, G. H., & Heinrich, H. (2009). Distinct EEG effects related to neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 74 (2), 149-157.
Greenberg, L. M., Kindschi, C. L., Dupuy, T. R. & Hughes, S. J. (2007). T.O.V.A. Clinical Manual (Test Of Variables of Attention Continuous Performance Test). Web: http://www.tovatest.com/
Guilford Press.
Heinrich, H., Gevensleben, H., Freisleder, F. J., Moll, G. H., & Rothenberger, A. (2004). Training of slow cortical potentials in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for positive behavioral and neurophysiological effects. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 772_775.
Holtmann, M., & Stadler, C. (2006).  Electroencephalographic biofeedback for the treatment of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood and adolescence. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 6 (4), 533-540.
Kaiser, D. A., & Othmer, S. (2000). Effects of neurofeedback on variables of attention in a large multi-center trial. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4 (1), 5_15.
Kropotov, J., D., Grin-Yatsenko, V. A., Pomarev, V. A., Chutko, L., S., Yakovenko E. A., & Nikishena. I. S. (2005). ERPs correlates of EEG relative beta training in ADHD children. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 55, 23-34.
Leins, U., Goth, G., Hinterberger, T., Klinger, C., Rumph, M. & Strehl, U. (2007). Neurofeedback for children with ADHD: A comparison of SCP and theta/beta protocols. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 32 (12), 73–88.
Levesque, J., Beauregard, M., & Mensour, B. (2006). Effect of neurofeedback training on the neural substrates of selective attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience Letters, 394 (3), 216-21.
Loo, S. & Barkley, R. A. (2005). Clinical utility of EEG in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied Neuropsychology, 12, 64-76.
Mann, C. A., Lubar. J., Zimmerman, A. W., Miller, C. A., & Muenchen. R. A. (2003). Quantitative analysis of EEG in boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study with clinical implication. Pediatric Neurology, 8, 30-36.
Michael, S., & Wendt, D. (2001). How running and exercise can impact the behavior of ADHD children. Running research, retrieved from the World Wide Web. http://www.Altavista.com.
Monastra, V. J., Monastra, D. M., & George, S. (2002). The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27 (4), 231–249.
Nazari, M. A., Querne, L., Broca, A. D., & Berquin, P. (2011). Effectiveness of EEG Biofeedback as Compared with Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Outcome Study. Neuroscience & Medicine, 2, 78-86.
Rossiter, T. R. (2004). The effectiveness of neurofeedback and stimulant drugs in ADHD: Part I. Review of methodological issues. Part II. Replication. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 29 (2), 135–140.
Rossiter, T. R., & LaVaque, T. J., (1995). A Comparison of EEG biofeedback and psychostimulants in treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1, 48-59.
Steinberg, M., & Othmer, S. (2004). ADD: The 20 Hour Solution: Training Minds to Concentrate and Self-regulate Naturally Without Medication. Bandon, OR: Robert D. Reed Publishers.
Sterman, M. B. (1996). Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic activities –implications for self-regulation. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 21, 3–33.
Strehl, U., Leins, U., Goth, G., Klinger, C., Hinterberger, T., & Birbaumer, N. (2006). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials: a new treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics;118 (5), 1530-40.
Thompson, L., & Thompson, M. (1998). Neurofeedback combined with training in metacognitive strategies: Effectiveness in students with ADD. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 23 (4), 243–263.
Visser, S. N., & Lesense, C. A. (2005). Mental Health in the United States: Prevalence of Diagnosis and Medication Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - United States, 2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54 (34); 842-847.
Wagner, M., & Blackorby, J. (2004). Overview of findings from wave 1 of the special education elementary longitudinal study (SEELS). Menlo Park, CA: SRI International. Retrieved January 10, 2011, from http://www.seels.net/infoproduct.htm.
Wangler, S., Gevensleben, H., Albrecht, B., Studer, P., Rothenberger, A., Moll, G. H., & Heinrich, H. (2011). Neurofeedback in children with ADHD: Specific event-related potential findings of a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Neurophysiology, 122 (5), 942-950.