نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

هدف
پژوهش حاضر بررسی
اضطراب
حالت-صفت و دشواری در تنظیم هیجان بر اساس ابعاد شخصیتی حساسیت به تنبیه و حساسیت
به پاداش بود. به همین منظور، از جامعه دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه ارومیه بر اساس
نمرات انتهایی توزیع در پرسش­نامه حساسیت به پاداش و تنبیه چهار گروه دارای فعالیت
بالای سیستم حساسیت به تنبیه، فعالیت پایین سیستم حساسیت به تنبیه، فعالیت بالای
سیستم حساسیت به پاداش و فعالیت پایین سیستم حساسیت به پاداش انتخاب شدند. سپس هر
گروه به صورت انفرادی در
مقیاس
اضطراب حالت-صفت
و دشواری در تنظیم هیجان مورد
ارزیابی قرار گرفتند
.
داده­های جمع­آوری شده با استفاده از شاخص­های توصیفی، تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره،
تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون­های تعقیبی تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بین چهار
گروه بر اساس ابعاد اضطراب حالت-صفت و دشواری در تنظیم هیجان تفاوت معنی
داری وجود دارد. به نظر می­رسد
فعالیت بالای سیستم حساسیت به
تنبیه با تجربه بیشتر اضطراب و دشواری در تنظیم هیجان مرتبط است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of state-trait anxiety and difficulties in emotion regulation: Based on personality dimensions of sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward

نویسنده [English]

  • F Mikaeli Manee 2

1

2

چکیده [English]

The
aim of the present study

was to
investigate
the state-trait anxiety and
difficulties
in emotion regulation
based
on personality dimensions of sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity to
reward (SR). For this purpose, participants were male students in Urmia
University, who were selected by their extreme scores on the Sensitivity to Punishment
and Reward Sensitivity Questionnaire and were assigned to four groups: High
sensitivity to punishment (HSP), low sensitivity to punishment (LSP), high
sensitivity to reward (HSR) and low sensitivity to reward (LSR). Then, State-Trait
Anxiety and
Difficulties in Emotion
Regulation
Questionnaire
were administered to each personality group (individually).
The
collected data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA),
one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests
. Results showed that there were a
significantdifferences between the four groups
based onstate-trait anxiety and
difficulties in emotion regulation.
It
seems that high sensitivity to punishment (HSP) associated
with more
experienced anxiety and more
difficulties
in emotion regulation
.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • State-trait anxiety
  • difficulties in emotion regulation
  • sensitivity to punishment
  • sensitivity to reward
پناهی شهری، محمود (1372). بررسی مقدماتی روایی، اعتبار و نرم­یابی فهرست حالت-رگه اضطراب اسپیلبرگر. پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
خانزاده، مصطفی، سعیدیان، محسن، حسین چاری، مسعود و آدریسی، فروغ (1391). ساختار عاملی و ویژگی­های روان­سنجی مقیاس دشواری در نظم­بخشی هیجانی. مجله علوم رفتاری، 6(1): 87-96.
میکائیلی منیع، فرزانه و امیری، سهراب (زیر چاپ). ارزیابی ویژگی­های روان­سنجی مقیاس حساسیت به تنبیه و حساسیت به پاداش در نمونه جمعیتی بهنجار. فصلنامه پژوهش­های نوین روان­شناختی.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a Meta analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217-237.
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., Cogswell, A., Grandin, L. D., Hughes, M. E., & et al. (2008). Behavioral approach system and behavioral inhibition system sensitivities and bipolar spectrum disorders: Prospective prediction of bipolar mood episodes. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 310-322.
Amstadter, A. (2008). Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. Journal of AnxietyDisorders, 22, 211-221.
Barlow, D. (2002). Fear, anxiety, and theories of emotion. In D. Barlow (Ed.), Anxiety and its disorders (pp. 37e63). New York: Guildford Press.
Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. American Psychologist, 55, 1247-1263.
Barlow, D. H., Allen, L. B., & Choate, M. L. (2004). Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 35, 205–230.
Beevers, C. G., & Meyer, B. (2002). Lack of positive experiences and positive expectancies mediate the relationship between BAS responsiveness and depression. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 549-564.
Bijttebier, P., Beck, I., Claes, L., & Vandereycken, W. (2009). Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality–psychopathology associations. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 421–430.
Brown, R. T., Antonuccio, D. O., DuPaul, G. J., Fristad, M. A., King, C. A., Leslie, L. K., & et al. (2008). Anxiety disorders. In R. T. Brown, D. O. Antonuccio, G. J. DuPaul, M. A. Fristad, C. A. King, & L. K. Leslie (Eds.), Childhood mental health disorders: Evidence base and contextual factors for psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and combined interventions (59-67). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Parent-child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: a review of empiricalfindings and future directions. Development and Psycho-pathology, 22, 177-203.
Campbell-Sills, L., Liverant, G. I., & Brown, T. A. (2004). Psychometric evaluation of the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales in a large sample of outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. Psychological Assessment, 16, 244-254.
Claes, L., Vertommen, S., Smits, D., & Bijttebier, P. (2009). Emotional reactivity and self-regulation in relation to personality disorders. Personality and IndividualDifferences, 47, 948-953.
Coplan, R. J., Wilson, J., Frohlick, S. L., & Zelenski, J. (2006). A person-oriented analysis of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in children. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 917-927.
Corr, P. J. (2004). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. Neuroscience andBiobehavioral Reviews, 28, 317-332.
Corr, P. J. (2008). Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST): Introduction. In P. J. Corr (Ed.), the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality (1–43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corr, P. J., & McNaughton, N. (2008). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. In: Corr, P.J. (Ed.), the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press, New York, 155–187.
Depue, R. A., & Iacono, W. G. (1989). Neurobehavioral aspects of affective disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 457–492.
Depue, R. A., Krauss, S. P., & Spoont, M. R. (1987). A two-dimensional threshold model of seasonal bipolar affective disorder. In D. Magnuson & A. Ohman (Eds.), Psychopathology: An interactional perspective (pp. 95−123). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The biological basis of personality. Springfield: Thomas.
Eysenck, H. J. (1987). The place of anxiety and impulsivity in a imensional framework. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 489-492.
Fowles, D. C. (1980). The three arousal model: Implications of Gray's two-factorlearning theory for heart rate, electrodermal activity, and psychopathy. Psychophysiology, 17,87-104.
Fowles, D. C. (2001). Biological variables in psychopathology: A psychobiologicalerspective. In H. E. Adams & P. B. Sutker (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (85–141). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Fullana, M., Mataix-Cols, D., Trujillo, J. L., Caseras, X., Serrano, F., Alonso, P., & et al. (2004). Personality characteristics in obsessive–compulsive disorder and individuals with subclinical obsessive–compulsive problems. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 387−398.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal ofPsychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.
Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change inacceptance- and mindfulness-based treatments. In R. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and process of change (107–133). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Gray, A. J. (1981). A critique of Eysenck’s theory of personality. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), A model for personality. Berlin: Springer.
Gray, A. J. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gray, J. A. (1982).The neuropsychology of anxiety: An inquiry into the functions of the septal–hippocampal system.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gray, J. A. (1991). The neuropsychology of temperament. In J. Strelau & A. Angleitner (Eds.), Explorations in temperament: International perspectives on theory and measurement: Perspectives on individual differences (105–128). New York: Plenum.
Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000).The neuropsychology of anxiety(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Henriques, J.B., & Davidson, R.J. (2000). Decreased responsiveness to reward in depression. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 711-724.
Hundt, N. E., Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2008). High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults. Personality andIndividual Differences, 44, 565-575.
Hundt, N. E., Nelson-Gray, R. O., Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Kwapil, T. R. (2007). The interaction of reinforcement sensitivity and life events in the prediction of an hedonic depression and mixed anxiety-depression symptoms. Personality and IndividualDifferences, 43, 1001-1012.
Jacob, M. L., Thomassin, K., Morelen, D., & Suveg, C. (2011). Emotion regulation in childhood anxiety. In D. McKay, & E. A. Storch (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent anxiety disorders (171e185). New York: Springer ScienceþBusiness Media.
Johnson, S. L., Turner, R. J., & Iwata, N. (2003). BIS/BAS Levels and psychiatric disorder: An epidemiological study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 25-36.
Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., Henderson, A. S., Jacomb, P. A., Korten, A. E., & Rodgers, B. (1999). Using the BIS/BAS scales to measure behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation: Factor structure, validity and norms in a large community sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 49-58.
kashdan, T. B., & Roberts, J. E. (2006). Affective outcomes in superficial and intimate interactions: Roles of social anxiety and curiosity. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 140-167.
Kimbrel, N. A. (2008). A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 592-612.
Kimbrel, N. A., Cobb, A. R., Mitchell, J. T., Hundt, N. E., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2008). High sensitivity to punishment and exposure to low maternal care account for the link between bulimic and social anxiety symptomatology. Eating Behaviors, 9, 210-217.
Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2010). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 372-378.
Kimbrel, N. A., Nelson-Gray, R. O., & Mitchell, J. T. (2007). Reinforcement sensitivity and maternal style as predictors of psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1139-1149.
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personalitydisorder. New York: Guilford Press.
Muris, P., Meesters, C., De Kanter, E., & Timmerman, P. E. (2005). Behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation system scales for children: Relationships with Eysenck's personality traits and psychopathological symptoms.Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 831-841.
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Gadet, B., & Meesters, C. (2000). Monitoring and anxiety disorders symptoms in children. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 775-781.
Newman, J. P., MacCoon, D. G., Vaughn, L. J., & Sadeh, N. (2005). Validating a distinction between primary and secondary psychopathy with measures of Gray's BIS and BAS constructs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 319−323.
Pickering, A. D., & Gray, J. A. (1999). The neuroscience of personality. In L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (277−299). 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Pickett, S.M., Bardeen, J. R., & Orcutt, H.K. (2011). Experiential avoidance as a moderator of the relationship between behavioral inhibition system sensitivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 1038–1045.
Pinto-Meza, A., Caseras, X., Soler, J., Puigdemont, D., Perez, V., & Torrubia, R. (2006). Behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation systems in current and recovered major depression participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 215-226.
Quay, H. C. (1993). The psychobiology of undersocialized aggressive conduct disorder: A theoretical perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 165-180.
Quay, H. C. (1997). Inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal ofAbnormal Child Psychology, 25, 7-13.
Randles, D., Flett, G. L., Nash, K. A., McGregor, I. D., & Hewitt, P. L. (2010). Dimensions of perfectionism, behavioral inhibition, and rumination. Personality andIndividual Differences, 49, 83-87.
Salavert, J., Caseras, X., Torrubia, R., Furest, S., Arranz, B., Dueñas, R., & et al. (2007). The functioning of the behavioral activation and inhibition systems in bipolar I euthymic patients and its influence in subsequent episodes over an eighteenmonth period. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1323-1331.
Segarra, P., Ross, S. R., Pastor, M. C., Montañés, S., Poy, R., & Moltó, J. (2007). MMPI-2 predictors of Gray's two-factor reinforcement sensitivity theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 437-448.
Slobodskaya, H. R. (2007). The associations among the Big Five, Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Approach systems and child and adolescent adjustment in Russia. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 913-924.
Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding: implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189-222.
 Spielberger, C. D. (1988). Professional Manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression In­ventory. Odessa FL: Psychological Assessment resources.
Suveg, C., Sood, E., Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2008). Changes in emotion regulation following cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 390-401.
Thompson, R. A. (2001). Childhood anxiety disorders from the perspective of emotion regulation and attachment. In M. W. Vasey, & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (160e182). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Tugade, M.M., & Fredrickson, B.L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions tobounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology, 86, 320–333.
Tull, M.T., Gratz, K.L., Latzman, R.D., Kimbrel, N.A., &Lejuez, C.W. (2010). Reinforcementsensitivity theory and emotion regulation difficulties: a multimodal investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 989-994.
Vasey, M. W., Daleiden, E. L., Williams, L. L., & Brown, L. M. (1995). Biased attention in childhood anxiety disorders: a preliminary study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 267-279.
Voight, D. C., Dillard, J. P., Braddock, K. H., Anderson, J. W., Sopory, P., & Stephenson, M. T. (2009). Carver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS scales and their relationship to risky health behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 89-93.
Weems, C., & Silverman, W. (2008). Anxiety disorders. In T. P. Beauchaine, & S. P. Hinshaw (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychopathology (447-476). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley&Sons Inc.