نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
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10.22055/psy.1996.16385
چکیده
پیروان ویگوتسکی، آموزه‌ای از دو نوع یادگیری تجربی و نظری را پرورش داده‌اند. یادگیری تجربی بر فرآیند مقایسه تعدادی از اشیاء مختلف، تشخیص خصوصیتهای مشترک قابل مشاهده آنها، و بر اساس آن، صورتبندی مفهومی کلی درباره این دسته از اشیاء مبتنی است. این نوع یادگیری خصیصه نوعی کودکان پیش‌دبستانی است و معمولاً نظام‌های آموزشی سنتی به آن می‌پردازند. یادگیری نظری بر فرآیند آشنا ساختن دانش‌آموزان با روش‌های عمومی و بهینه برای رویاروشدن با طبقاتی از مسائل مبتنی است که آنان را به سوی خصوصیات ذاتی (نه صرفاً مشترک) مسائل هر مقوله سوق می‌دهد. سپس، در خلال فرآیند فعالیتی که به شکل ویژه‌ای سازماندهی شده باشد، دانش‌آموز برفرآیند کاربرد این روش‌ها مسلط می‌شود و آنها را درونی می‌کند. آزمایش‌هایی که بر روی دانش‌آموزان سنین مختلف صورت گرفته دلالت می‌کند که یادگیری نظری نسبت به یادگیری تجربی بسیار کارآمدتر است.
عنوان مقاله [English]
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نویسندگان [English]
- A.M. Moosavi
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چکیده [English]
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