نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی عمومی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر طراحی و آزمودن الگویی از برخی پیامدهای فرسودگی شغلی (سلامت عمومی، رضایت از زندگی، انگیزش شغلی، قصد ترک شغل و عملکرد شغلی) بود. روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. نمونه این پژوهش شامل 225 نفر از کارکنان شرکت نفت و گاز کارون بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه‌های فرسودگی شغلی مسلچ (1982)، سلامت عمومی گلدبرگ و هیلر (1979)، رضایت از زندگی داینر و همکاران (1985)، انگیزش شغلی رایت (2004)، قصد ترک شغل کامن و همکاران (1979) و عملکرد شغلی پاترسون (1922) جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. ارزیابی الگوی پیشنهادی از طریق الگویابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای AMOS-22 و SPSS-22 انجام گرفت. جهت آزمون اثرهای واسطه‌ای در الگوی پیشنهادی نیز از روش بوت‌استراپ استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده برازش مطلوب الگوی نهایی با داده‌ها بودند. نتایج همچنین حاکی از معنی‌داری تمامی مسیرهای مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در الگوی پیشنهادی بودند. به این معنا که، فرسودگی شغلی اثر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم معنی‌دار از طریق سلامت عمومی، رضایت از زندگی، انگیزش شغلی و قصد ترک شغل، بر عملکرد شغلی داشت. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر نقش تعیین‌کننده فرسودگی شغلی، سلامت عمومی، رضایت از زندگی، انگیزش شغلی و قصد ترک شغل بر عملکرد شغلی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing and testing a model of some consequences of job burnout

نویسندگان [English]

  • Belghis Beit Mashal 1
  • Nasrin Arshadi 2
  • Alireza Heidari 3
  • Parviz Asgari 3

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Job burnout has adverse effects on employees’ work motivation and job performance. Also, increases their willingness to leave their job. For that reason, the aim of this study was designing and testing a model of some consequences of job burnout (general health, life satisfaction, work motivation, turnover intention, and job performance).

Method
The research method is descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of the study included all employees of Karun Oil & Gas Company in 2018. From this population, 225 employees were selected by simple random sampling method. Evaluation of the proposed model was done by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS-22 and SPSS-22 soft-wares. Bootstrap method was also used for testing the indirect relationships.
In this study, Maslach’s Job Burnout (1982), Goldberg & Hiller’s General Health (1979), Diener’s et al. Life Satisfaction (1985), Wright’s work Motivation (2004), Coman’s et al. Turnover Intention (1979), and Paterson’s Job Performance (1922) Questionnaires were used for data collection. In the present research, the reliability of emotional exhaustion, general health, life satisfaction scale, work motivation, Turnover Intention, and job performance questionnaires, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.83, 0.73, 0.85, 0.63, 0.88, and 0.96, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Job burnout
  • general health
  • life satisfaction
  • work motivation
  • turnover intention
Afshari, B., Siadat, S. A., & Mehrabi, H. A. (2017). Mediating role of job motivation and job burnout in the relationship between organizational external factors affecting organizational procrastination in the education organization. Quarterly Journal of Educational Leadership & Administration, 11(1), 9-34. [Persian]
Akbari, R., Ghafar Samar, R., Kiany, G., & Eghtesadi, A. (2011). Properties of Maslach burnout inventory (the Persian version). Journal of Knowledge & Health, 6(3), 1-8. [Persian]
Arshadi, N. (2007). Designing and testing a model of some of the important antecedents and consequences of job motivation in the staff of the National Iranian oil company of the south of Ahvaz. Ph.D. Thesis of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. [Persian]
Arshadi, N., Neisi, A., & Esmaeili, I. (2013). The study of the mediating role of job motivation in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job performance based on the pattern of resource conservation. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(4), 337-345. [Persian]
Azizi Nejad, B., & Mosavi Nejadan, S. M. (2016). A Comparison of Sepah Bank branches staff performance in Tabriz based on their burnout. Journal of Productivity Management, 10(3), 227-252. [Persian]
Babaieamiri, N., Haghighat, S., & Ashori, J. (2016). The relationship between job burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness with mental health among nurses. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care, 24(2), 120-128. [Persian]
Beshlideh, K. (2012). Research methods and statistical analysis of research examples using SPSS and AMOS. Ahvaz: Shahid Chamran University Press. [Persian]
Cammann, C. Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Unpublished Manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Cazan, A. M., & Nasatsa, L. E. (2015). Emotional intelligence, satisfaction with life and burnout among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 80, 1570-1574.
Chirico, F. (2016). Job stress models for predicting burnout syndrome: A review. AnnIst Super Sanita, 52(3), 443-456.
Cho, S., Johanson, M. M., & Guchait, P. (2009). Employee's intent to leave: a comparison of determinants of intent to leave versus intent to stay. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 374-381.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Leither, M. (2014). Burnout and job performance: The moderating role of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(1), 96-107.
Diener, E., Horwitz, J., & Emmon, R. A. (1985). Happiness of the very wealthy. Social Indicators Research, 16, 263-74.
Doreen, L., & Wiggins, M. D. (2014). The impact of reproductive cancers on women’s mental health. JournalNeurosci, 5(1), 283-300.
Farquharson, B., Allan, J., Johnston, D., Juhnston, M., Choudhary, C., & Jones, M. (2012). Stress amongst nurses working in a healthcare telephone-advice service: relationship with job satisfaction, intention to leave, sickness absence, and performance. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 1624-1635.
Fedai, M., & Demir, Y. (2010). The impacts of structural and psychological empowerment on burnout: A research on staff nurses in Turkish state hospitals. Canadian Social Science, 6(4), 63-72.
Ghadampour, E., Yousefvand, L., & Radmehr, P. (2016). Investigating the role of loneliness and burnout in predicting the intention to leave a job. 1st International Conference on Modern Research in the Field of Education and Psychology and Social Studies of Iran, Qom, Iran. [Persian]
Goldberg, D. P., & Hiller, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9(1), 139-145.
Griffith, G. M., Barbakou, A., & Hastings, R. P. (2014). Coping as a predictor of burnout and general health in therapists working in ABA schools. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 29(4), 548-558.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
Hosseini, M., & Lariye, M. (2015). Investigating the role of occupational burnout on the relationship between stress and job performance of auditors. Quarterly Journal of Health Accounting, 4(1), 57-80. [Persian]
Ismail, H. (2015). Job insecurity, burnout and intention to quit. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(4), 310-324.
Jang, J., & George, T. (2012). Understanding the influence of polychronicity on job satisfaction and turnover intention: A study of non-supervisory hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 588-595.
Jankome, P.K., Mangoriand, M., & Ritacco, G. (2013). The impact of stress and burnout on employees’ performance at Botswana Power Corporation. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(6), 795-834.
Jones, M. D. (2006). Which is a better predictor of job performance: Job satisfaction or life satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 8(1), 20-42.
Joseph, D., Ng, K., Koh, C., & Ang, S. (2007). Turnover of information technology professionals: A narrative review, meta-analytic structural equation modeling, and model development. MIS Quarterly, 31(3), 547-577.
Karabay, M. E., Tezergil, S. A., & Kose, A. (2014). Does motivation mediate the job performance and burnout? Evidence from Turkish banking sector. American International Journal of Social Science, 3(6), 98-108.
Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
Khaghanizade, M., Sirati, M., Abdi, F., & Kaviani, H. (2008). Determination of the amount burnout in nursing staff. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2(1), 51-59. [Persian]
Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K., & Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1), 652-666.
Lambert, E. G., & Hogan, N. L. (2010). Work-family conflict and job burnout among correctional staff. Psychological Reports, 106(1), 19-26.
LaMontagne, A. D., Martin, A., Page, K. M., Reavley, N. J., Noblet, A. J., Milner, A. J., Keegel, T., & Smith, P. M. (2014). Workplace mental health: Developing an integrated intervention approach. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 1-11.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2004). What should we do about motivation theory? Six recommendations for the twenty-first century. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 388-403.
Maleki, Z., Ashkan, S., Ashoori, J., & Yosefi, N. (2014). Relationship between personality traits, religiosity and happiness with general health among nursing students. Iran Journal of Nurse, 26(86), 90-100. [Persian]
Malkoc, A. (2011). Big five personality traits and coping styles predict subjective wellbeing: A study with a Turkish sample. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 12, 426-435.
Maslach, C. (1982). Understanding burnout: Definitional issues in analyzing a complex phenomenon. In W. S. Paine (Ed.), Job stress and burnout (pp. 29-40). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of the experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113.
Mendieta, I. S., & Rivas, F. C. (2011). Burnout, workplace support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among social workers in Spain: A structural equation model. International Social Work, 56(2), 228-246.
Nastizaee, N., Vaezi, M., Molazehi, A., & Moghadam, M. (2008). The relationship between job burnout and general health in employees of Telecommunication Office of Zahedan. Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht, 7(3), 49-56. [Persian]
Neissi, A.,  Arshadi, N., &  Shahbazi, F. (2011).The effect of workplace characteristics and perceived social support at work on turnover intention, with mediating role of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion in employees of NIDC, Ahvaz.  Journal of Psychological Achievements, 18(2), 39-60. [Persian]
Nikbakht Nasrabadi, A., Salari, A., Hosseinpour, M., & Yekaninejad, M. S. (2014). Study the rate of burnout and intention to leave and their relationship among emergency department nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 9(3), 19-29. [Persian]
O’brien, J. (2011). Structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and burnout in registered staff nurses working in outpatient dialysis centers. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 38(6), 475-481.
Ongori, H. (2007). A review of the literature on employee turnover. African Journal of Business Management, 1(3), 49-54.
Paterson, D. G. (1922). The Scott Company graphic rating scale. Journal of Personnel Research, 1, 361-376.
Rahinnia, F., & Aref, M. (2014). The effect of internal marketing and job rotation on nurses’ turnover intention. Iran Journal of Nursing, 27(89), 50-60. [Persian]
Rouleau, D., Fournier, F., Philibert, A., Mbengue, B., & Dumont, A. (2012). The effects of midwives’ job satisfaction on burnout, intention to quit and turnover: A longitudinal study in Senegal. Hum Resource Health, 10(9), 65-72.
Rozban, R. (2012). The relationship between job burnout with organizational commitment and job motivation among primary school teachers in Nazarabad township in 2011-2011. M.A. Thesis of Educational Management, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran. [Persian]
Sadeghi, M., Radmehr, P., & Shahbazirad, A. (2017). The role of moral distress and job burnout in the prediction of turnover intention among nurses. Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 14(10), 867-874. [Persian]
Sanagoo, A., Behnampour, N., Taghavee, A., & Baigy F. (2015). Relationship between mental health and burnout in Al–E-Jalil Hospital`s staff, in 2014. Journal of Research Development in Nursing & Midwifery, 12(2), 21-28. [Persian]
Sangani, A., & Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2018). The effectiveness of schema therapy on general health, ruminating and social loneliness of divorce women. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 25(2), 201-216. [Persian]
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2009). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. The Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220.
Schepman, S. B., & Zarate, M. A. (2008). The relationship between burnout, negative affectivity and organizational citizenship behavior for human services employees. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 40, 437-442.
Sheikhi, M., Homan, H.A., Ahadi, H., & Sepah Mansour, M. (2011). Psychometric properties of Life Satisfaction Scale. Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 5(19), 19-26. [Persian]
Steel, R. P., & Ovalie, N. K. (1984). A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intentions and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 673-686.
Tamini, B. K., & Kord, B. (2011). Burnout components as predictors of job & life satisfaction of university employees. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(1), 126-137.
Thimm, J. C. (2010). Personality and early maladaptive schemas: A five-factor model perspective. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 373-380.
World Health Organization (2007). The world health report- A safer future: Global public health security in the 21st century. Retrieved From http://www.who.int/whr/2007/en/.
Wright, B. E. (2004). The role of work context in work motivation: A public sector application of goal and social cognitive theories. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 14 (1), 59-78.
Yin-Fah, B. C., Foon, Y. S., Chee-Leong, L., & Osman, S. (2010). An exploratory study on turnover intention among private sector employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 57-64. [Persian]
Zabolzadeh, R. (2018). Relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout by moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of National Iranian Drilling Company. M.A. Thesis of Psychology of Personality, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. [Persian]
Zare, A., Sepehri, S., & Hosseini, A. A. (2017). Studying the relationship between life satisfaction and job burnout due to the mediating role of transformational leadership and work holism (The case study: Intellectual women working in educational and training institute in region 3 of Shiraz City. Quarterly Journal of Woman & Society, 7(27), 93-114. [Persian]