Esa Jafari; Fariba Ghazanfarian; Mahnaz Aliakbari; Hamid Kamarzarin
Abstract
Emotion regulation is an important factor in psychological well being, and successful performance in social interaction and deviation from it can lead to delinguent behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coping skills’ training on emotional adjustment of juvenile offenders. ...
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Emotion regulation is an important factor in psychological well being, and successful performance in social interaction and deviation from it can lead to delinguent behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coping skills’ training on emotional adjustment of juvenile offenders. The study population consisted of all juvenile offenders residing in the Correction and Rehabilitation Center in Tehran. The sampling mothed of this study was a convenience sampling type. The sample size was 50 patients who were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Eight 90-minute sessions were conducted to train the experimental group, but control group received no training. The subjects were evalualed by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale before and after training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that mean scores of emotion regulation difficulties, in the experimental group, was significantly different from control group (p < 0.0001). The mean score of the control group did not change significantly from pre-test to post-test, which showed that the adolescents who receive coping skills’ training act in an appropriate emotion regulation style. Thus, it is suggested that correcting and training centers’ teachers should be taught coping skills so that they can use these sklils for clients.
M. Golparvar; Z. Vaseghi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , December 2010, , Pages 99-120
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of investigates the relationship between participation in decision making and job tension by considering the mediating role of procedural justice and interpersonal mistrust. The population included the male employees of an industrial and productive company (800 ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of investigates the relationship between participation in decision making and job tension by considering the mediating role of procedural justice and interpersonal mistrust. The population included the male employees of an industrial and productive company (800 persons) in Isfahan city, among whom 211 persons were selected (from the names list of personnel) using simple random sampling. The research instruments comprised job tension index (Kahn et a1, 964), procedural justice scale (Moorman, 1991), interpersonal mistrust questionnaire (Miller, 1991) and participation in decision making (Miller, 1991). Data were analyzed by using of Pearson correlation coefficient, structure equation modeling (SEM), mediation regression analysis and Sobel's test. The results of structure equation modeling revealed that participation in decision making accounted for 6.4 percent of variances of procedural justice, but there was no significant relation between participation in decision making and interpersonal mistrust (P>0.05). Procedural justice also described 17.3 percent of variances of interpersonal mistrust. Finally, procedural justice and interpersonal mistrust, accounted 24.7 percent of variances of job tension. Mediation regression analysis showed that procedural justice played the complete mediator role in relations to decision making, interpersonal mistrust and job tension. But interpersonal mistrust played a partial role in relation to procedural justices and job tension.
M. Azadyekta
Volume 19, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 99-116
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the relationship of coping strategies and attributional styles with the school dropt. To this end, 480 university students (162 male and 318 female) were selected using random cluster sampling. All subjects completed 3 questionnaires: demographic characteristics, Coping ...
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This study was conducted to examine the relationship of coping strategies and attributional styles with the school dropt. To this end, 480 university students (162 male and 318 female) were selected using random cluster sampling. All subjects completed 3 questionnaires: demographic characteristics, Coping Strategies, and Attributional Styles. Data were analyzed using Pearson product correlation and stepwise multiple regression. There were significant relationships between school dropt and social support, physical and emotional inhibition, stable–unstable aspects of failure, and stable–unstable, internal-external, and total-partial dimensions of success attribution in students with school dropt. Threre was significant correlation between coping strategies and attributional style with school dropt.
Razieh Khavasi; Mohsen Saeidmanesh; Mahdieh Azizi
Abstract
IntroductionTalented students are the national assets of any country and not paying attention to them can cause psychological damage to individuals. In this study, the effect of the Pennsylvania resilience treatment program on procrastination and anxiety components in perfectionist intelligent adolescents ...
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IntroductionTalented students are the national assets of any country and not paying attention to them can cause psychological damage to individuals. In this study, the effect of the Pennsylvania resilience treatment program on procrastination and anxiety components in perfectionist intelligent adolescents in Dezful was investigated. MethodThe research method was experimental and in the form of a pre-test and post-test research design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included adolescent girls aged 12 to 16 years who responded positively to the call. They were invited to the clinic and filled out the perfectionism questionnaire. Then, among them, 30 people with high perfectionism scores were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A pre-test was performed on both groups and after the treatment sessions, a post-test was taken from both groups. Data collection tools were questionnaires by Solomon and Ratblum and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI). ResultsUnivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance assumptions were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the effect of academic procrastination scores in the pre-test stage was significant (p=0.32, F=5.145), meaning that there is a significant relationship between academic procrastination pre-test scores and post-test scores in this variable. Also, after controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the score of academic procrastination in the post-test stage was significant (p=0.001, F=23.50). Based on the observed averages, it can be concluded that resilience training by the Pennsylvania method has reduced academic procrastination by 46% in the post-examination phase. The effect of scores on the pre-test stage was also significant (P=0.026, F=7.565). This means that there is a significant relationship between the pre-test scores of anxiety and the post-test scores of this variable. Also, after controlling the pre-test scores, the effect of the group on the anxiety score in the post-test stage was significant (p=0.010, F=7.648). Based on the observed means, it can be concluded that resilience training by the Pennsylvania method has reduced anxiety by 22% in the post-test phase. DiscussionThe results of the analysis showed that the Pennsylvania Resilience Program has reduced academic procrastination and anxiety in perfectionist intelligent teens.
A. Aghayousefi; M. Dalir
Volume 19, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 101-118
Abstract
The facts about death and dying are the most emotional and complex topics of childhood. As the acquisition and development of the death concept has been a topic of interest for decades the main goal of the present study was the investigation of the relationship between awareness of death concept and ...
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The facts about death and dying are the most emotional and complex topics of childhood. As the acquisition and development of the death concept has been a topic of interest for decades the main goal of the present study was the investigation of the relationship between awareness of death concept and depression among children seven to nine years old. To this end, a sample of 103 male and female students was selected from the first, second, and third grades of elementary schools. The participants answered the questions of the Death Interview for Children and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Data analysis showed that all the subcomponents of death concept significantly and positively correlated with depression in children. In addition, the results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that only Inevitability subcomponent can predict depression in children. With regard to these findings, awareness of death concept can contribute to children's depression. But, a mature awareness of death concept is not so. The results were discussed based on the stress exposure model of depression.
Morteza Omidian; Shadi Ahmadi; Samaneh Asadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of mindfulness, creativity and academic performance with well-being, with mediating role of psychological problems in university students. The method used in this study was correlational, the path analysis. Participants in this research ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of mindfulness, creativity and academic performance with well-being, with mediating role of psychological problems in university students. The method used in this study was correlational, the path analysis. Participants in this research were all undergraduate students of Yazd University, from whom 370 stucdent were randomly selected. The instruments used in this research were, Mental Health Test, for measuring well-being and problems, the Mindfulness Questionnaire, Creativity Test, and grade-point average of the final semester. After distributing the questionnaires and collecting the required data, analysis was performed. The results showed that the designed model was well fited to the data, and the causal relationships between mindfulness, well-being, creativity and psychological well-being were significant. Also, the direct causal relationship between academic performance and psychological well-being was significant, but the direct relationship between academic performance and psychological problems was not significant. The indirect causal relationship of creativity and mindfulness to well-being, through psychological problems, was significant, but the causal relationship of academic performance to well-being through psychological problems was not significant. The results were discussed with respect to the research and theoretical perspectives.
M. Narimani; A. Abolgasemi; A. Soleymany
Volume 17, Issue 1 , June 2010, , Pages 103-118
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to compare the emotional intelligence components of blind and normal students. The statistical population of the present research was the students who were studying in guidance and high schools in 1378-88 school year. The number of blind and normal students were 60 ...
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The main objective of this study was to compare the emotional intelligence components of blind and normal students. The statistical population of the present research was the students who were studying in guidance and high schools in 1378-88 school year. The number of blind and normal students were 60 (30 boys and 30 girls) each. Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire was also used. Meanwhile, the method was casual-comparative and the data was analyzed by MANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between blind and normal students in components of sympathy, self-esteem, impulse control, stress tolerance, optimism, happiness, self-expression, reality testing, plasticity, responsibility, self-actualization and independence. But in components of problem solving, emotional self-awareness and interpersonal relations there wereno significant differences between blind and normal students.
A. Zahiri; N. Arshadi; A. Neisi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 105-124
Abstract
The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents (conscientious, agreeableness, neuroticism and ethical context) and outcomes (organizational support, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors) of ethical leadership. The samples consisted of 213 employees ...
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The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents (conscientious, agreeableness, neuroticism and ethical context) and outcomes (organizational support, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors) of ethical leadership. The samples consisted of 213 employees of Karun Oil and Gas Production Company who were selected through stratified random sampling. The participants in this study completed the NEO, ethical context, ethical leadership, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaires. The fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using SPSS-19 and AMOS-18 software packages. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure. Findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data properly. Better fit and more meaningful results were obtained by using AMOS modification indices. The results confirmed the positive relationship of conscientious, agreeableness and ethical context with ethical leadership and the negative relationship of neuroticism with ethical leadership. In addition, perceived organizational support was positively related to affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior and ethical leadership was positively related to perceived organizational support, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. All indirect paths were also significant.
Mahboobeh Moosivand; Sajad Azizi; Shapur Fooladvand
Abstract
IntroductionOnline games are one of the types of computer and smart games that have become widespread due to the increasing familiarity of people, especially young people, with the Internet, the increase in Internet speeds, as well as access to smart devices. The high appeal of online games and the prevalence ...
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IntroductionOnline games are one of the types of computer and smart games that have become widespread due to the increasing familiarity of people, especially young people, with the Internet, the increase in Internet speeds, as well as access to smart devices. The high appeal of online games and the prevalence of addiction have brought them to the attention of experts. Cell phones and tablets. Online gaming addiction is considered to be obsessive, extreme, uncontrollable, and physically and psychologically destructive behavior. The present study is an online gaming addiction based on communication skills and feelings of loneliness with a mediating role. Adaptation in adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method The current research design is the modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the present study was all students aged 12 to 18 in Tehran. The method for selecting these subjects was that after receiving the letter of recommendation and after coordinating with the General Directorate of Education of Tehran Province, they went to the Directorate of Education of five and six districts and randomly selected 2 schools from each district. 1st and 2nd graders of high school were selected between the months of November and February 2019 and answered the research online questionnaires, from a total of 700 subjects became 400 people who used the games online using a multi-stage sampling method. They chose the communication skills questionnaire by Crockett, Russell, et al. and answered him. Wang and Chang's Feeling of Loneliness, Wang and Chang's Online Gambling Addiction Quiz, and Sinha and Singh's Compatibility Quiz. ResultThe collected data were analyzed with the correlation coefficient and the structural equation model. Skills and adaptation to online gaming addiction (P≥0.001). Likewise, there is a positive and significant association between loneliness and addiction to online gaming (P≥0.001). In addition, structural equation modeling results showed that 25% of the variance in adaptation is explained by communication skills and loneliness, and 32% of the variance in online gaming addiction is explained by communication skills, loneliness, and adaptation. ConclusionAccording to the results, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce feelings of loneliness and improve the communication skills of family, school, and education officials, so that students are less involved in online games. The correlation coefficient and structural equation model results showed that feeling lonely positively and significantly affects online gambling addiction. o modeledt. In addition, the results showed that loneliness directly negatively impacts online gambling addiction through adaptation. The results of this study confirm the relationship between loneliness and poor communication skills with online gaming addiction.
hossein hosseinipuor; ali garavand; jahanshah mohamadzadeh
Abstract
Interactional Behavior Analysis is a theory in psychology that is used wherever an understanding of individuals, relationships, communication and counseling is required. This research analyses the Fox and Rooster's tale of Marzban-name based on Berne's Theory of Personality in a descriptive –analytical ...
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Interactional Behavior Analysis is a theory in psychology that is used wherever an understanding of individuals, relationships, communication and counseling is required. This research analyses the Fox and Rooster's tale of Marzban-name based on Berne's Theory of Personality in a descriptive –analytical method. The statistical population of this study is composed of the characters of this story. By examining the dimensions of the characters in the story, we can gain a better understanding of the complex thoughts and emotions of the human beings that symbolize the animal characters, each of which plays a role as a parent, a child, or an adult. This theory focuses on the interpersonal relationships between human beings and human relationships and emphasizes that if individuals have healthy and intimate relationships with each other and replace the destructive, negative and degrading ones with this type of behavior, they will lower their own and others' stress and make life more enjoyable. Research tools include triple personality dimensions, interactions, and mental states. The results of this study indicate the importance of applying this theory in solving emotional and behavioral problems of individuals. Furthermore, the impact of messages from other characters on the reactions and behaviors of individuals is also highlighted, and the importance of adapting this theory to literary works is clearly evident. In this work, the interactions of the characters are of the type of crosses and behaviors are on the way of achieving personal goals that ultimately lead to the disorder in their behavior.
F. Ghoreyshi Rad; H. Bafandeh Gharamaleki
Volume 18, Issue 2 , December 2011, , Pages 113-134
Abstract
Focusing on the importance of identity formation during adolescence,the objective of this study was to examine the effects of identity status in using coping strategies in stressful situations, in visually handicapped adolescents.The data was collected from 96 visually impaired and sighted adolescents ...
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Focusing on the importance of identity formation during adolescence,the objective of this study was to examine the effects of identity status in using coping strategies in stressful situations, in visually handicapped adolescents.The data was collected from 96 visually impaired and sighted adolescents students, male and female, between 15-19 years old, in Tabriz, Maragheh and Tehran. The method was causal-comparative, using the tests: The Dellas Identity Status Inventory-Occupation, and Coping Inventory of Endler & Parker, and were analyzed via Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and t-test.The results showed that there are significant differences between identity status and coping strategies, in the visually handicapped group and sighted adolescents, but the gender was not significant.
Abstract
Internet addiction is a serious public health problem around the world. The number of global internet users has reaching more than 2.3 billion in 2011. Any addictive behavior may be the result of psychiatric symptoms. Researchers have shown that interpersonal difficulty found in people with borderline ...
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Internet addiction is a serious public health problem around the world. The number of global internet users has reaching more than 2.3 billion in 2011. Any addictive behavior may be the result of psychiatric symptoms. Researchers have shown that interpersonal difficulty found in people with borderline personality traits is associated with internet addiction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the structural model of the relationship between borderline personality traits, interpersonal problems and addiction to the internet. The study was correlational and the statistical population of the study included all residents of the Karaj city in the fall of 1394, of which 262 persons were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The instruments of the study included Borderline Symptom List by Bohus and colleagues (2007), Interpersonal Difficulties-47 by Pilkonis and colleagues (1996) and Internet Addiction by Young (1998). Data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling showed that the model fits well to the data and 43% of the variance of internet addiction is due to the changes in the numbers of borderline personality traits and interpersonal problems. Also, interpersonal difficulties mediated the relationship between borderline personality traits and internet addiction. It can be concluded that internet can be a social tool for meeting the needs of the individuals with borderline personality traits.
Hasan Soleimani Rad; Abas Abolghasemi; Iraj Shakerinia
Abstract
Introduction: Intermittent explosive disorder appears in the social context and in response to social stimuli. Probably, processing social stimuli and responding to them in different social contexts, has an important role in this disorder and Affects its symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study ...
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Introduction: Intermittent explosive disorder appears in the social context and in response to social stimuli. Probably, processing social stimuli and responding to them in different social contexts, has an important role in this disorder and Affects its symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on social cognition in adolescents with intermittent explosive disorder.Method: The present study is a field experiment with pretest-posttest design. The number of 38 students with intermittent explosive disorder were selected through Targeted sampling and They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The two groups at the beginning and the end of the study responded to the questionnaire for screening of intermittent explosive disorder and social stories. During the ten sessions, the experiment group came under the intervention of behavioral cognitive therapy every week.Findings: the results of ANCOVA analysis showed that behavioral cognitive therapy was effective on improving social cognition and reducing the symptoms of intermittent explosive disorder. Behavioral cognitive therapy has been effective on improving the steps of encoding signs, representing and interpreting information, and choosing response. But there was no effect on the steps involved in clarifying the objectives and in finding possible answers.Result: It seems that by using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and generalizing them to various social tissues, it is possible to improve the social cognition of people with Intermittent explosive disorder that act as an inhibitory capacity to prevent the symptoms of this disorder in social tissues.
F Mikaeli Manee
Abstract
Theaim of the present studywas to investigatethe state-trait anxiety and difficultiesin emotion regulation basedon personality dimensions of sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity toreward (SR). For this purpose, participants were male students in UrmiaUniversity, who were selected by their extreme ...
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Theaim of the present studywas to investigatethe state-trait anxiety and difficultiesin emotion regulation basedon personality dimensions of sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity toreward (SR). For this purpose, participants were male students in UrmiaUniversity, who were selected by their extreme scores on the Sensitivity to Punishmentand Reward Sensitivity Questionnaire and were assigned to four groups: Highsensitivity to punishment (HSP), low sensitivity to punishment (LSP), highsensitivity to reward (HSR) and low sensitivity to reward (LSR). Then, State-TraitAnxiety and Difficulties in EmotionRegulation Questionnairewere administered to each personality group (individually).Thecollected data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA),one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests. Results showed that there were asignificantdifferences between the four groupsbased onstate-trait anxiety and difficulties in emotion regulation.Itseems that high sensitivity to punishment (HSP) associatedwith moreexperienced anxiety and more difficultiesin emotion regulation.
T. Kochi; S. E. Hashemi Sheikh Shabani; K. Beshlideh
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2013, , Pages 117-140
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationshipbetween job and organizational variables and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors, considering the mediating role of job stress. To this end, 200 female teachers from public schools in Ilam were selected via multistage random ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationshipbetween job and organizational variables and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors, considering the mediating role of job stress. To this end, 200 female teachers from public schools in Ilam were selected via multistage random sampling. Research instruments consisted of teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire, organizational trust questionnaire, organizational justice scale, Islamic work ethic scale, and job stress scale. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM), using SPSS-16 and AMOS-20 software packages. The results showed that the research model was fitted with the data and showed that organizational justice and Islamic work ethic had a significant direct effect on teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior; but the direct effect of organizational trust on teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors was not significant. Bootstrap method for analyzing the mediator relationships showed that job stress mediated the relationship between organizational trust together with Islamic work ethic and teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior. However, the relationship between organizational justice and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors was not mediated by job stress.Due to the role of teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors in school outcomes, considerable attention should be paid to the factors affecting on it; including the variables examined in this study.
Sh. Araban; N. Arshadi; A. Neisi; K. Beshlideh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some personal (psychological capital, basic psychological needs), job related (job characteristics, job stress), and organizational variables (servant leadership, organizational ethical climate) as antecedents of organizational well-being. ...
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The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some personal (psychological capital, basic psychological needs), job related (job characteristics, job stress), and organizational variables (servant leadership, organizational ethical climate) as antecedents of organizational well-being. The statistical population of the present research included all employees of National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC). 384 employees were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Instruments used in the present study were Personally Expressive Activities Questionnaire (PEAQ), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Servant Leadership Survey (SLS), Organizational Ethical Climate Questionnaire (OECQ), Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ), Basic Psychological Needs at Work Scale (BPNWS), and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS-18 software package was used for data analysis. Results showed that the proposed model fit the data properly. Moreover, direct positive relationships of the psychological capital, basic psychological needs, job characteristics, servant leadership, organizational ethical climate with organizational well-being, and direct negative relationship of job stress with organizational well-being were confirmed. Bootstrap procedure for testing indirect effect revealed that organizational ethical climate mediated the relationship between servant leadership and organizational well-being.
M. Salimi; H. Bahrami; M. k. Salimizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Pages 119-132
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the normalization of the D48 test on high school Students in Ahvazian and to investigate the validity and reliability of this test in target population. For this purpose, the D48 test was given to 1008 high schools students in Ahwaz (506 boys and 502 girls from ...
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The purpose of this research is to study the normalization of the D48 test on high school Students in Ahvazian and to investigate the validity and reliability of this test in target population. For this purpose, the D48 test was given to 1008 high schools students in Ahwaz (506 boys and 502 girls from 15 to 18 years of age). The D48 test normalized on this sample for Ahwaz high school students. The validity and reliability of the test was studied. The following highlights results in this research obtained: 1) Reliability: A) Test-retest method: r=+.90 (The time interval was two week). B) Odd-even method: r=+.91 (corrected by Spearman-Brown formula). 2) Validity: A) Correlation with standard progressive matrices test [SPM]: r= +.56 (p<.001). B) With mean of grades: r=+.48(p<.001). 3) The difference between the means achieved by boys and girls on D48 were statistically significant at the .001 level. Boys scored significantly higher than girls.
A. Abolghasemi; M. Abbasi; M. Narimani; H. Ghamari
Volume 16, Issue 2 , December 2009, , Pages 129-152
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to investigate the role of internal locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, self-esteem, self- efficacy, self-actualization, risk taking and innovation as predictors of success and failure of managers the productive units in the entrepreneurship. The research ...
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The purpose of the present research was to investigate the role of internal locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, self-esteem, self- efficacy, self-actualization, risk taking and innovation as predictors of success and failure of managers the productive units in the entrepreneurship. The research sample consisted 190 managers were randomly selected from the Arak and Ardabil cities. To collect the data Internal Locus of Control Scale, Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale, Self- Efficacy Scale, Self-Actualization Scale, Self-esteem scale and Jackson personality Inventory were used. In order to analyze the data of discriminant analysis were utilized. The results confirmed the hypothesis of this study, and findings showed that success or failure in entrepreneurship can be predicted the variables of personality of this study. The results obtained and the model presented in this study is discussed in detail.
Ehsan Shahsavari Shirazi; Manijeh Shehniyailagh; Alireza Hajiyakhchali
Abstract
IntroductionSelf-hypnosis is simply a focused state of mindfulness that allows one to make the most of their mental capacities and abilities. In a final analysis, self - hypnosis is practically a tool that can be used to make better use of skills or techniques of self - control. All forms of hypnosis ...
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IntroductionSelf-hypnosis is simply a focused state of mindfulness that allows one to make the most of their mental capacities and abilities. In a final analysis, self - hypnosis is practically a tool that can be used to make better use of skills or techniques of self - control. All forms of hypnosis are actually self-hypnosis. Even in so-called hypnotic situations, it is the client who hypnotizes himself, another person, usually called a hypnotherapist, provides the right conditions and guides the client to the hypnotic trance. Self- hypnosis is a way in which people can focus on their mental content and use their imagination, mental imagery and thoughts to evoke certain emotions so that they can finally make changes in their behaviors and attitudes. In other words, in a state of hypnotic ecstasy, the person can change their inner world. Feelings, perceptions, and behaviors also change when a person is able to change their thoughts and their visual imagery that they normally engage with. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of self-hypnosis on attention and the pattern of electroencephalography in candidates for university entrance examination.MethodThe statistical population was all the clients who referred to the Mr. Karami counseling center in Shiraz, in 2019. The statistical sample consisted of 24 male students between 18 to 20 years old, who were selected from the counseling center using targeted sampling method. Then they were assigned into two groups of control (12 persons) and experimental group (12 persons) randomly. Research tools were Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Stroop Effect Test and Electroencephalography recorder. 10 self-hypnosis sessions for each subject in experimental group were done, over two weeks. During the interventions of experimental group, the control group was under the passage of time. In post-test, both groups were compared in terms of attention and Electroencephalographic patterns. The statistical data analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance at p < 0.05. SPSS software was used for data analysis.ResultsThe results of pre-test and post-test comparison showed that the effects of intervention on experimental group were significant. Therefore, it seems that self-hypnosis affects attention and the pattern of electroencephalography in candidates for university entrance examination. DiscussionDue to the effectiveness of self-hypnosis on attention and the pattern of electroencephalography in candidates for university entrance examination, self-hypnosis can be used in entrance exam preparation centers to improve the attention of candidates
M. Golestaneh; F. Askari
Volume 21, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 101-122
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between motivational, cognition and personality variables with help seeking behavior (help seeking and help avoidance). The research method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The samples for the study consisted of 557 high ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between motivational, cognition and personality variables with help seeking behavior (help seeking and help avoidance). The research method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The samples for the study consisted of 557 high school students from different schools in Bushehr city, who were selected randomly through multistages and had completed the motivational- cognition questioner and the NEO inventory. A Hierarchical Regression analyses indicated that all of the predictor variables had multiple relationships with help seeking. In addition, meta-cognition, performance- approach goals, task value, organization, the need for cognition and conscientiousness were the best predictors of help seeking. Also, the Hierarchical Regression analyses indicated that all of the predictor variables had multiple relationships with help avoidance. In addition, quick learning, rehearsal, neuroticism, academic procrastination, task value and meta-cognition were the best predictors of help avoidance. The results of this study suggest that student help seeking patterns are affected by motivational, cognition and personality factors. In the end, the research results are discussed on the basis of the goal orientation theory, personality traits and meta cognition.
F. Shenavar; K. Beshlideh; S.E. Hashemi; A. Naami
Abstract
The present study was conducted intending to take into account the mediating work-family conflict role in relation with stress and social support with job and family satisfaction. Study samples included 203 industrial factory personnel selected through convenience sampling in Ahvaz over 2014. In this ...
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The present study was conducted intending to take into account the mediating work-family conflict role in relation with stress and social support with job and family satisfaction. Study samples included 203 industrial factory personnel selected through convenience sampling in Ahvaz over 2014. In this study, which is a descriptive endeavor of a correlational nature , participants filled in the job stress scale (Parkers & Decotis, 1983), the perceived organizational support survey (Eisenberger, et al., 1997), the job in general scale (Ironson, et al., 1989), the family stress questionnaire (Hennessy, 2005), the perceived social support-family scale (Procidano & Heller, 1983), the family satisfaction scale (Aryee, et al., 1999), and the work-family conflict scale (Carlson, et al., 2000). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the suggested pattern and the bootstrapping method was used to test the mediating effect and it was performed via AMOS. Structural equation modeling indices confirmed general study patterns. Among the relations, only the direct relation of job stress and perceived organizational support were deleted from pattern 1 (work-family conflict mediation). The fitting indices obtained showed that the corrected pattern was of good fitness. Results from the bootstrapping method and the confidence distance from it showed that the work-family conflict completely mediates between job stress and perceived organizational support with family satisfaction and family-work conflict is a partial mediator between family stress and perceived family support with job satisfaction. Thus, job stress and perceived organizational support affect family satisfaction only through work-family conflict, while in the family, family stress and perceived family support directly affect job satisfaction through family-work conflict. Therefore, organizations are not only able to manage conflicts generated between work and the family, but can satisfy personnel with the job itself and the family can apply suitable approaches to reduce their own personnel stress and increase their support.
Afsaneh Mirzaeian; Ali Mehdad
Abstract
The main purpose of current study was to predict work efforts and organizational citizenship behaviors through multi-dimensions of work motivation (including, amotivation, social extrinsic, material extrinsic, introjected, identified, and intrinsic motivations). This study was a descriptive-correlational ...
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The main purpose of current study was to predict work efforts and organizational citizenship behaviors through multi-dimensions of work motivation (including, amotivation, social extrinsic, material extrinsic, introjected, identified, and intrinsic motivations). This study was a descriptive-correlational method, and the study population included all of the employees in Welfare Organization in Isfahan province. 285 employees were selected through convenience sampling method. Research instruments consisted of 5-item scale of Work Efforts by Kuvaas, et al., 19-item scale of Multi-Dimensions Work Motivation by Gagne, et al., and the 16-item of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors by Lee and Allen. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings demonstrated that there were negative relationship between amotivation and material extrinsic motivation and positive relationships of intrinsic, identified and introjected motivations with work efforts. There were negative relationship between amotivation and positive relationships of material extrinsic, identified, introjected and intrinsic motivations with organizational citizenship behaviors (p < 0.01). Moreover, amotivation, material extrinsic and intrinsic motivations predicted work efforts significantly (p < 0.01), and amotivation, social extrinsic and intrinsic motivations predicted organizational citizenship behaviors significantly (p < 0.01), which explained 15.8 and 26.2 percent of the variances of work effort and organizational citizenship behaviors respectively. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the work effort and organizational citizenship behaviors could be increased by work motivation.
Saeed Moshtaghi
Abstract
Introduction Effective communication and the establishment of a good communication pattern between husband and wife have a prominent role in marital satisfaction and can play a crucial role in creating a sense of security and happiness for couples. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis, ...
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Introduction Effective communication and the establishment of a good communication pattern between husband and wife have a prominent role in marital satisfaction and can play a crucial role in creating a sense of security and happiness for couples. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis, examining the effectiveness of life skills training on the marital satisfaction of couples. Method For this purpose, the meta-analysis method was used as a statistical method to determine, collect, combine and summarize the research results associated with effectiveness of life skills training on marital satisfaction. To find and collect all research reports, internal databases such as, Magiran, SID, Ensani, Noomags, and Civilica, were used. Among all the studies conducted in Iran between 2010 and 2017, the articles that were methodologically appropriate in terms of population, sample size, research method, sampling method and measurement tools, have been included in the present study. Finally, 18 studies with the necessary criteria have been analyzed. Data was analyzed using standardized mean difference effect size method or Cohen's d (1988) for fixed effect model. All statistical operations were accomplished by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, Version 2.0 (CMA-2). Results Results showed that the mean effect size of mixed-model for fixed effect model and for random effect model were significant (p < 0.001), 1.555 and 1.925 respectively. Since the effect sizes were heterogeneous, moderating variables were examined. The results indicated that in terms of research design, gender, type of training, number of life skills training and status of participant, there were significant differences between effect sizes across the studies (p < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, teaching basic life skills increased marital satisfaction in Iranian couples. However, it appears that some factors had negatively influenced the effectiveness of these studies. More studies are needed to determine the reasons for the low impact of these interventions.
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the performed life skills training program in high schools of Khuzestan province using Cipp evaluation model (CIPP). The population studied was consisted of three subclasses (students, counselors, and administrators), chosen by the use of multi-stage random sampling ...
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The present study aimed to evaluate the performed life skills training program in high schools of Khuzestan province using Cipp evaluation model (CIPP). The population studied was consisted of three subclasses (students, counselors, and administrators), chosen by the use of multi-stage random sampling and census methods. To do this, first, the general framework of the factors and markers necessary in the assessment of life skills training program based on Syp model (context, input, process and output) was determined using factors, markers and specifying judgment criteria. Then, by the use of codified factors and markers the research tools including the students, teachers, administrators and experts surveys, their validity (face and content validity) was developed and the reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated. Analysis of the findings showed that among the 23 assessed factors 21 factors were the "optimal" and the 2 others number were assessed "relatively good" and the overall evaluation of the project was assessed "good" respectively.
Sohrab amiri; Amir Ghasemi navab
Abstract
Introduction Adaptive management of emotions is essential for mental health (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, and Schweizer, 2010; Eisenberg, Fabes, Guthrie, and Reiser, 2000). The emotional regulation involves monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional responses to achieve goals (Thompson, 1994). There are ...
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Introduction Adaptive management of emotions is essential for mental health (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, and Schweizer, 2010; Eisenberg, Fabes, Guthrie, and Reiser, 2000). The emotional regulation involves monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional responses to achieve goals (Thompson, 1994). There are many individual differences in emotional abilities, including the identification and understanding of their emotions and others, the causes and effects of various emotions and the strategies used to regulate emotions (Cummings, 1987; Denham, 1998). These differences in emotional processes and management of emotions have wide implications in many psychological functions (Denham, 1986; Eisenberg et al., 2000). Findings show that emotional dysregulation affects the psychiatric pathology (Aldao et al., 2010). Among the pathological traits that have attracted a lot of attention in recent years, are dark traits. Dark traits are Narcissistic, Machiavellianism and Psychopathic, which are independent, but related to one another (Palos and Williams, 2002). The defect in the emotional experience is considered as the main factor in the dark traits (Jansson and Kross, 2013). The biological structure of the personality that appears to be involved in explaining individual differences in personality dark tendencies is the morning-evening type. The trait of morning-evening is known as the biological dimension of the personality, which is largely the result of heredity (Adan, Archer, Hidalgo, Di Milia, Natale, and Randler, 2012). In addition to the physiological differences between morning to evening type (for example, patterns of cortisol and melatonin secretion), some psychological differences have also been reported between these two types. The current study investigated the relationships between morningness-eveningness, emotion and emotion regulation beliefsand dark traits. Method The study participants were 439 students who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Inclusion criteria were being aged 18 or older and all participants reported that they had not been diagnosed as a medical case (physical, but not necessarily psychological disorders) by a doctor. Participants with a psychotic disorder, abuse acute suicidality, insufficient language skills, or severe cognitive impairment were excluded. Participants completed a series of questionnaires following an informed consent procedure and were provided with debriefing information on the purpose of the study and given a list of community counseling agencies at the end of the survey. Of the total participants, 404 were undergraduate student (92%), and 35 ones were masters and higher education students (8%), 139 participants were male (31.7%) and 300 ones were female (68.3%). Respectively, the students' ages' mean and standard deviation were 19.85 and 1.78 in males, 19.81 and 1.81 in females. Results Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations among the study variables were presented in Table 1. Skew ness and kurtosis were within a conventional range (−1 to 1; George and Mallery, 2003) for all of the variables. Bivariate correlations showed that regulation worth, as a positive emotional attitude, was associated with morningness tendencies(see Table 1). Morningness positively associated with narcissism and psychopathic tendencies (see Table 1). The negative dimensions of emotional attitudes, including emotion constraint and hijacking were positively associated with dark triad traits, but the regulation worth, as a positive emotional attitude had negative correlations with Machiavellianism and Narcissism and a positive correlation with psychopathic tendencies. Moderation was tested using Sobel’s test. We tested whether the emotional attitudes moderated the relationships between the Morningness-Eveningness and dark triad traits. In order to determine the extent to which emotional attitudes were involved in these moderation effects, we conducted the moderation analyses for dark triad traits. The difference in narcissism trait was partially moderated by regulation worth (z=2.01, p<.05). The difference in psychopathy trait was partially moderated by regulation worth (z=2.34, p<.05). In other cases, dimensions of emotional attitudes were not moderating the path between morningness-eveningness and dark triad traits (See table 3). Discussion and Conclusion The aim of the current study was to examine whether emotion and emotion regulation beliefscan help explain the relationship between morningness-eveningness and dark traits. As was expected, negative emotion beliefs (Emotion Constraint and Hijacking) were associated with dark traits. In addition, results from the moderator analysis suggest that the relationship between morningness-eveningness and dark traits were partially mediated via emotion and emotion regulation beliefs. We believe that these findings add knowledge to the emotion and emotion beliefs and demonstrate the importance of emotion beliefs and emotion dysregulation to psychopathology in various ways. Despite interesting findings, there are several limitations of the current study which worth noting. First, participants’ report was obtained retrospectively, therefore, recall bias could have impacted some of the participants’ self-reporting. Additionally, it is unclear whether the sample of the present study is presenting with diagnosable levels of the dark traits symptoms.
