نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران..

2 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، پیش بینی طرحواره ناسازگار خودانضباطی ناکافی بر اساس انگیزه پیشرفت، معنای زندگی و دشواری تنظیم هیجانی در دانشجویان بود. روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم بود که نمونه ای متشکل از 368 نفر از آن ها به روش خوشه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه های طرحواره یانگ و همکاران، انگیزه پیشرفت هرمنس، معنای زندگی استیگر و همکاران، و دشواری تنظیم هیجانی گراتز و رومر جمع آوری شد و با روش رگرسیون چندگانه و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها رابطه منفی و معنی داری بین انگیزه پیشرفت و دو زیر مقیاس وجود معنا و جستجو برای یافتن معنا در زندگی با طرحواره ناسازگار خودانضباطی ناکافی را نشان دادند (p <0.05). همچنین زیرمقیاس‌های عدم پذیرش پاسخ‌های هیجانی، دشواری در انجام رفتار هدفمند، دشواری در کنترل تکانه، فقدان آگاهی هیجانی و دسترسی محدود به راهبردهای تنظیم هیجانی، رابطه مثبت و معنی داری با طرحواره خودانضباطی ناکافی دارند (p <0.05). یافته ها به طور کلی بیانگر آن است که وجود انگیزه ضعیف پیشرفت، نبود معنای شایسته در زندگی و دشواری داشتن در تنظیم هیجانات می تواند باعث تداوم طرحواره ناسازگار خودانضباطی ناکافی در افراد گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prediction of Insufficient Self-Discipline Schema Based on Achievement Motivation, The Meaning in Life and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Gaeeni 1
  • Shahrzad Saravani 2
  • Majid Zargham hajebi 3

1 MD, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to predict insufficient self-discipline maladaptive schema based on achievement motivation, the meaning in life, and difficulties in emotion regulation in students. The Method of present research was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Qom, of which 368 individuals were selected as the sample by random cluster sampling. Data were collected using Young, Klosko, & Weishaar (2001) Schema questionnaire, Hermans (1970) Achievement Motivation questionnaire, Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler (2006) Meaning in Life questionnaire, Gratz & Roemer (2004) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and then were analyzed using multiple Regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicated a negative and significant relationship between achievement motivation, and existence of meaning and search for meaning in life subscales with insufficient self-discipline maladaptive schema (P <0.05). Also, rejection of emotional responses, difficulty in performing targeted behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness and limited access to emotion regulation strategies subscales had a positive and significant relationship with insufficient self-discipline maladaptive schema (p <0.05). Findings generally suggested that poor motivation to Achievement, lack of proper meaning in life, and having difficulty in regulating emotions can cause insufficient self-discipline maladaptive schema to persist in individuals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Early maladaptive schema
  • Insufficient self-discipline
  • Achievement Motivation
  • Meaning in life
  • Emotion regulation
Acharya, N., & Joshi, S. (2009, March). Influence of parents' education on achievement motivation of adolescents. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches (IJSSR), 6(1), 72-79.
Akbari, B. (2008). Validity and Reli Ability of Hermen's Achievement Motivation Test on the Guilan's high school students. Curriculum Planning Knowledge & Research in Educational Sciences, 4(16), 73-96. [Persian]
Alavi Lavasani, A., & Ahmadi Tahour Soltani, M. (2017). Association between maltreatment in childhood and emotional divorce: Mediating role of attachment styles, early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotional regulation. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 6(4), 49-57. [Persian]
Asadi, M., & Sheghaghi, F. (2015). Spiritual intelligence, practice with religious beliefs and early maladaptive schemas in students. Contemporary Psychology, 10, 83-85. [Persian]
Atkinson, J. W. (1958). Motives in fantasy, action, and society: A method of assessment and study: A method of assessment and study. Van Nostrand.
Besharat, M. (2018). Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 12(47), 89-92. [Persian]
Besharat, M., Khalili Khezrabadi, M., & Rezazadeh , S. (2017). Maladaptive schemas and marital problems. Family Psychology, 3(2), 27-44. [Persian]
Demehri, F., Movallali, G., & Ahmadi, V. (2015). A study of relationship between early maladaptive schemas self-concept and behavioral problems among deaf adolescences and adolescences with visual impairment in Yazd city. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 23(4), 191-201. [Persian]
Ezatian, S., & Ahmadpanah, M. (2017). Study the relationship among early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia and ego defensive styles of students at Azad and Payame Noor universities in Shahindej. Avicenna Journal of Neuropsychophysiology, 4(3), 87-94. [Persian]
Feldman, D., & Snyder, C. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal–directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 401-421.
Fereidooni-Moghadam, M., Bavarsad, N., Rezaie, R., & Cheraghian, B. (2017). Relationship between achievement motivation and academic performance in nursing and midwifery students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2014-2015. Educational Development Of Jundishapur, 8(3), 335-344. [Persian]
Ghodsi, A., Sarihi, N., & Aghayousefi, A. (2015). Relationship between achievement motivation and early maladaptive schemas and family emotional ambiance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(4), 111-131. [Persian]
Golestaneh, M., & Askari, F. (2014). An investigation of the relationships between some important antecedents of motivational, cognition and personality variables on help seeking and avoidance help-seeking. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 21(1), 101-122. [Persian]
Gratz, K., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54.
Hassanzadeh, R. (2013). Research methods for behavioral sciences (A practical guide to research). Tehran: Savalan. [Persian]
Hatamian, P., & Sepehri Nezhad, M. (2018). The prediction of academic burnout based on the emotion dysregulation and social support in nursing students. Journal of Education Strategies, 11(1), 59-65. [Persian]
Hermans, H. (1970). A questionnaire measure of achievement motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54(4), 353-363.
Hermans, H., Konopka, A., & Goncalves, M. (2019). Handbook of dialogical self theory and psychotherapy: Bridging psychotherapeutic and cultural traditions. London: Routledge.
Irajirad, A., & Malekzadeh, E. (2017). The effect of psychological capita mediation by motivation on students' creativity. Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Creativity in Human Sciences, 6(4), 51-70. [Persian]
Kagoiya, P., & Kagema, N. (2018). Examining factors contributing to indiscipline in primary schools in Nyeri Central Sub-County, Kenya. Pedagogical Research, 3(2), 1-8.
Keraskian, A. (2008). Psychological tools. Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 5(1), 50-51.
Kermani Mamazandi, Z., & Tale Pasand, S. (2018). Psychometric characteristics of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in Semnan University students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 11(42), 117-142. [Persian]
King, L., Hicks, J., Krull, J., & Del Gaiso, A. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 179-196.
Liu, P. (2020). The practical significance of moral self-discipline and other rules of etiquette and law in the confucian culture to the governance of cyberspace in colleges and universities. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 110, 1342-1345.
Manandhar, T., & Shrestha, P. (2019, May). A study on relationship between self-discipline and study habits among nursing students at Bhaktapur, Nepal. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 9(5), 242-248.
McMahon, S., Peist, E., Davis, J., Bare, K., Martinez, A., Reddy, L., . . . Anderman, E. (2020). Physical aggression towardteachers: Antecedents, behaviors, and consequences. Aggressive Behavior, 46, 116–126.
Mesrabadi, J., Jafariyan, S., & Ostovar, N. (2013). Discriminative and construct validity of meaning in life questionnaire for Iranian students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 83-90. [Persian]
Mohammad Beigi, A., Bakhtiari, M., Mohammadkhani, S., & Sadeghi, Z. (2013). The relation between early maladaptive schema and procrastination and mental health of medical and non-medical students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. J Mazand Univ Med Sci, 23(97), 24-32.
Odebode, A. A. (2019). Causes of indiscipline among students as viewed by primary school teachers in Nigeria. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 6(1), 126-140.
Ofori, K. N., Tordzro, G., Asamoah, E., & Achiaa, E. (2018). The effects of indiscipline on academic performance of junior high school. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(21), 109-117.
Orang, S., Hashemi Razini, H., & Abdollahi, M. (2017). Relationship between early maladaptive schemas and meaning of life and psychological well-being of the elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 12(46), 329-345. [Persian]
Ostovar, N., Hosseininasab, D., & Livarjani, S. (2020). Discrimination of disciplined and indiscipline students based on early maladaptive schemas and family functioning components. Biquarterly Journal of Cognitive Strategies in Learning, 7(13), 173-190. [Persian]
Pauwels, E., Dierckx, E., Schoevaerts, K., & Claes, L. (2016). Early maladaptive schemas in eating disordered patients with or without non-suicidal self-injury. European Eating Disorders Review, 24(5), 399-405.
Rahsepar, T., Khayer, M., Barzegar, M., & Kouroshnia, M. (2020). The mediating role of social acceptance and emotional schemain relationship between family communication patterns and academic motivation in high school students of second grade. Psychological Models and Methods, 10(4), 59-76. [Persian]
Roelofs, J., Onckels, L., & Muris, P. (2013). Attachment quality and psychopathological symptoms in clinically referred adolescents: The mediating role of early maladaptive schema. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 377-385.
Sadik, F. (2018). Children and discipline: Investigating secondary school students’ perception of discipline through metaphors. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 31 - 44.
Sahebi, A., & Hamidpour, H. (2005). Conigtive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Tehran: Arjmand. [Persian]
Schmidt, N., Joiner, T., Young, J., & Telch, M. (1995). The Schema Questionnaire: Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19(3), 295-321.
Seyed Hashemi, S., Shalchi, B., & Yaghoubi, H. (2017). Predicting hypersexual disorder based on difficulties in emotion regulation and psychological well-being in male students at AzarbaijanShahid Madani University in 2016. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 16(5), 421-436. [Persian]
Shareh, H. (2016). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and sexual self-esteem in female sex workers. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 18(74), 249 - 258. [Persian]
Shojaadini, E., & Azizi Saeid, Y. (2019). Relationship between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in prisoners with borderline personality disorder in Hamadan prison center. Journal of Military Caring Sciences, 5(3), 220-227. [Persian]
Slavin, R. (2003). Educational psychology: Theory and practice. Boston: Pearson.
Steger, M. (2006). Meaningful living. Retrieved 2012, from Michael F. Steger: http://www.michaelfsteger.com/?page_id=113
Steger, M., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80-93.
Taj, S., & Shirkavand, M. (2018). Predicting the academic procrastination of nursing students based on early maladaptive schemas and self-efficacy. New Strategies in Instructional Administration, 1(2), 15-23. [Persian]
Talebzade Shoshtari, L., Monadi, M., Khademi Ashkezari, M., & Khamesan, A. (2016). Identifying students’ meaning in life: A Phenomenological study. Applied Counseling, 6(1), 59-76. [Persian]
Tizro Tuli, F. (2016). The effect of spiritual intelligence training on adaptation, responsibility and school disciplinary rules in 14-16 years old students. The 2nd National Conference on School Psychology. Ardabil: University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. [Persian]
Yazdani, M., & Mirzaaei, S. h. (2018). Relationship between maladaptive schemas and emotional tuning problems with mental health of soldiers with a history of service escape in Northern Khorasan police command. Journal of North Khorasan Police Science, 5(19), 103-130. [Persian]
Young, J., Klosko, J., & Weishaar, M. (2001). Schema therapy- A practitioner's guide (4nd ed., I). (H. Hamidpour, & Z. Andouz, Trans.) Arjmand.
Zamani, M., & Talepasand, S. (2017). The effect of multidimensional motivational- behavioral interventions on achievement motivation, academic performance and motivation of 7th grade students. Journal of New Educational Approaches, 12(2), 92-109. [Persian]
Zimmerman, B., & Kitsantas, A. (2014). Comparing students’ self-discipline and self-regulation measures and their prediction of academic achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 39, 145-155.
Zoualfaghari, M., & Fatehizadeh, M. (2008). Determining relationships between early maladaptive schemas and marital intimacy among mobarakeh steel complex personnel. Journal of Family Research, 4(15), 247-261. [Persian]