تبیین استدلال اخلاقی بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصیتی: مطالعه نقش واسطه‌ای ذهن‌آگاهی و ارزش‌های فردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

10.22055/psy.2023.44020.3057
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه‌ی مدلی تبیینی از استدلال اخلاقی بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصیتی انجام شد. این پژوهش، از نوع پژوهش‌های همبستگی بود که در آن رابطه ویژگی‌های شخصیتی به عنوان متغیر پیش‌بین و استدلال اخلاقی به عنوان متغیر ملاک و نقش ذهن‌آگاهی و ارزش‌های فردی به عنوان متغیرهای میانجی با استفاده از روش تحلیل مسیر بررسی شد. از نظر شیوه‌ی گردآوری داده‌ها، پژوهش حاضر از نوع پژوهش‌های میدانی و ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بود. چامعه پژوهش دانشجویان مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی در سال تحصیلی 1401- 1402دانشگاه شیراز بودند . ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت (Goldberg)، پرسشنامه ذهن‌آگاهی (Brown & Ryan)، پرسشنامه ارزش‌های فردی (Schwartz) و پرسشنامه استاندارد استدلال اخلاقی (Rest) بود که پس از وارسی پایایی و روایی مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده‌ها در بخش توصیفی، از فراوانی و درصد برای توصیف متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی و از میانگین و انحراف معیار، حداقل و حداکثر نمره‌ها، برای توصیف متغیرهای اصلی استفاده شد. در بخش استنباطی نیز علاوه بر ماتریس همبستگی متغیرهای پژوهش، از روش تحلیل مسیر برای بررسی فرضیه‌های پژوهش استفاده شد. جهت بررسی معنی‌داری مسیرهای غیر مستقیم نیز، از روش Bootstrapping استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که از بین پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت، ویژگی‌های گشودگی به تجربه (01/0p<، 15/0 =β)، وظیفه مداری (001/0 p<، 21/0 =β) رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری با استدلال اخلاقی دارند. همچنین، از بین پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت، ویژگی‌های توافق‌پذیری (05/0 p<، 12/0 =β)، ثبات هیجانی (04/0 p<، 12/0 =β) و گشودگی به تجربه (002/0 p<، 16/0 =β) رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری با ذهن‌آگاهی نشان دادند. به علاوه، ارزش‌های فردی تعالی خود و ارتقای خود به همراه ذهن‌آگاهی، بین ویژگی‌های شخصیتی ثبات هیجانی (04/0 p<، 01/0 =β)، و توافق‌پذیری (02/0 p<، 05/0 =β) و استدلال اخلاقی نقش واسطه‌ای ایفا کردند. مانند سایر پژوهش‌ها، مطالعه حاضر نیز با محدودیت‌هایی روبرو بوده است که از آن جمله می‌توان به فراوانی بیشتر مشارکت‌کنندگان از گروه جنسیتی زنان و مقطع تحصیلی دانشجویان که بیشتر آنها در مقطع کارشناسی مشغول به تحصیل بودند اشاره نمود که می‌تواند در آینده مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Explaining Moral Reasoning Based on Personality Traits: Studying the Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Individual Values

نویسندگان English

amin sharifi 1
Masoud Fazilatpoor 2
Mahboobeh Fouladchang 3
farhad khormaei 2
1 PhD student, Department of Educational Pyhchology , Faculty Educational Pyhchology, Shiraz University, city Shiraz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Pyhchology, Faculty of Educational Pyhchology
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Pyhchology , Faculty of Educational Pyhchology, University, city, Iran.
چکیده English

Moral reasoning is a key element in various approaches to moral philosophy. This study aimed to develop an explanatory model of moral reasoning based on personality traits and cultural values. In this model, personality traits and cultural values were treated as exogenous variables. Mindfulness served as a first-level mediating variable, while personal values acted as a second-level mediating variable. Moral reasoning was designated as the endogenous variable. The participants consisted of 400 students selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from various faculties at Shiraz University. Data were collected using the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1999), the Mindfulness Questionnaire (Brown & Ryan, 2003), the Personal Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 1994), and the Standard Moral Reasoning Questionnaire (Rest, 1973). Data analysis was conducted using path analysis and factor analysis. The findings indicated that among the Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness and openness to experience had significant positive relationships with moral reasoning. Agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience were positively associated with mindfulness. Furthermore, the personal value of self-transcendence was positively related to moral reasoning. Both self-transcendence and self-enhancement values, along with mindfulness, mediated the relationships between the personality traits of neuroticism, openness to experience, and conscientiousness with moral reasoning. It can be suggested that individuals who score high in openness to experience tend to be more mindful. However, in relation to self-transcendence, a negative association may arise due to the presence of unrealistic idealism as a component of self-transcendence. The findings are discussed in the context of existing theories and research.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

: Personal values
Moral reasoning
Mindfulness
Personality traits
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  • تاریخ دریافت 20 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 آبان 1402